DE69928561T2 - MEASUREMENT OF NONLINEAR DISTORTION IN TRANSMITTERS - Google Patents
MEASUREMENT OF NONLINEAR DISTORTION IN TRANSMITTERS Download PDFInfo
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- DE69928561T2 DE69928561T2 DE69928561T DE69928561T DE69928561T2 DE 69928561 T2 DE69928561 T2 DE 69928561T2 DE 69928561 T DE69928561 T DE 69928561T DE 69928561 T DE69928561 T DE 69928561T DE 69928561 T2 DE69928561 T2 DE 69928561T2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. GEBIET DER ERFINDUNG1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft allgemein die Verzerrung in Sendern. Im Einzelnen betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren und ein System zum Bestimmen der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders, der in einem Gigabit-Ethernet-Transceiver enthalten ist.The The present invention generally relates to distortion in transmitters. In detail, the present invention relates to a method and a system for determining the non-linear distortion of a transmitter, the in a Gigabit Ethernet transceiver is included.
2. BESCHREIBUNG DER VERWANDTEN FACHGEBIETE2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED AREAS OF EXPERTISE
Empfänger, die digitale Signalverarbeitungsmodule benutzen, wie etwa lineare Entzerrer und Canceller, sind besonders empfindlich gegenüber nichtlinearen Verzerrungen, die in den empfangenen Signalen vorhanden sind. Eine schwere nichtlineare Verzerrung würde ein fehlerhaftes Decodieren der empfangenen Signale bewirken. Der Hauptbeitragende zu der nichtlinearen Verzerrung in einem Übertragungskanal ist der entsprechende Sender.Receiver that use digital signal processing modules, such as linear equalizers and canceller, are particularly sensitive to nonlinear distortions, which are present in the received signals. A heavy nonlinear Distortion would cause erroneous decoding of the received signals. Of the Main contributor to the nonlinear distortion in a transmission channel is the corresponding station.
In einem Gigabit-Ethernet-Kommunikationssystem, das dem 1000BASE-T-Standard entspricht, sind zwei Gigabit-Transceiver über vier verdrillte Leitungspaare (twisted pairs) aus Kupferkabeln der Kategorie 5 verbunden und befinden sich in einer bidirektionalen Vollduplex-Kommunikation miteinander. Es gibt vier einzelne Transceiver in jedem Gigabit-Transceiver. Die bidirektionale Vollduplex-Kommunikation impliziert, dass jeder einzelne Transceiver gleichzeitig mit einem entsprechenden fernen einzelnen Transceiver auf dem gleichen verdrillten Leitungspaar von Kabeln eine Übertragung durchführt. Diese simultane Übertragung würde die analogen Komponenten des Senders eines einzelnen Transceivers belasten. Diese Belastung würde bewirken, dass der Sender noch mehr nichtlineare Verzerrungen erzeugen würde. Somit stellt die nichtlineare Verzerrung ein erhebliches Problem in Gigabit-Ethernet-Kommunikationssystemen dar.In a Gigabit Ethernet communication system that complies with the 1000BASE-T standard, are two gigabit transceivers over four twisted pairs of copper cables Category 5 and are located in a bidirectional Full-duplex communication with each other. There are four individual transceivers in every gigabit transceiver. Bidirectional full-duplex communication implies that every single transceiver is using one at the same time corresponding remote single transceiver on the same twisted Cable pair of cables a transmission performs. This simultaneous transmission would be the analog Load components of the transmitter of a single transceiver. These Burden would cause the transmitter to produce even more nonlinear distortions would. Thus, nonlinear distortion poses a significant problem in Gigabit Ethernet communication systems represents.
Außerdem erfordert die bidirektionale Natur des Gigabit-Ethernet-Kommunikationssystems die Verwendung von Echokompensatoren (echo cancellers) in den Gigabit-Transceivern. Da die Echokompensatoren sehr empfindlich gegenüber einer nichtlinearen Verzerrung sind, muss die nichtlineare Verzerrung durch die entsprechende Auslegung der Sender auf einem akzeptablen Niveau gehalten werden. Der 1000BASE-T-Standard spezifiziert, dass der Spitzenwert der nichtlinearen Verzerrung jedes einzelnen Transceiver weniger als 10 Millivolt betragen muss, wenn er ohne ein intervenierendes Kabel getestet wird.Also required the bi-directional nature of the Gigabit Ethernet communication system the use of echo cancellers in the gigabit transceivers. Because the echo cancellers are very sensitive to nonlinear distortion must, the nonlinear distortion by the appropriate interpretation the transmitter is kept at an acceptable level. The 1000BASE-T standard specifies that the peak of nonlinear distortion every single transceiver must be less than 10 millivolts, when tested without an intervening cable.
In "Modeling Thin-Film Storage Channels; IEE Transactions on Magnetics" von K. Fisher, J. Cioffi, H. Thapar, Band 25, Nr. 5, September 1989 (1989-09), Seiten 4081-4083 ist ein System beschrieben, das für Dünnfilm-Speicherkanäle in dem Gebiet der magnetischen Aufzeichnungen verwendet wird. Die nichtlineare Verzerrung wird gemessen, indem eine pseudozufällige Sequenz angelegt wird. Der Unterschied zwischen einem rauschfreien Signal, das vorausgesagt wird, und dem tatsächlich gelesenen Signal ist die nichtlineare Verzerrung.In "Modeling Thin-film Storage channels; IEE Transactions on Magnetics "by K. Fisher, J. Cioffi, H. Thapar, Vol. 25, No. 5, September 1989 (1989-09), pages 4081-4083 is a System described for thin-film memory channels in the Area of magnetic records is used. The nonlinear distortion is measured by applying a pseudo-random sequence. The difference between a noise-free signal that predicted will, and indeed read signal is the nonlinear distortion.
In der US-A-4 792 915 ist ein nicht adaptives lineares Filter beschrieben, das ein lineares Filter aufweist, das zu einem nichtlinearen Filter parallelgeschaltet ist. Das lineare Filter stellt eine schnelle Anpassung bereit, bis es den linearen Beitrag jedes Koeffizienten modelliert hat. Danach setzt das nichtlineare Filter die Anpassung fort, bis das Fehlersignal auf ein akzeptables Niveau reduziert worden ist.In US-A-4,792,915 describes a non-adaptive linear filter which has a linear filter that becomes a nonlinear filter is connected in parallel. The linear filter provides a fast Adaptation ready until there is the linear contribution of each coefficient has modeled. After that, the non-linear filter sets the adaptation until the error signal is reduced to an acceptable level has been.
Die EP-A-0 399 968 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Vermeidung der fehlerhaften Echoeliminierung und/oder Entzerrung, die sich aus Nichtlinearitäten eines D/A-Umsetzers und/oder eines A/D-Umsetzers in einem Telekommunikationssystem ergeben, wobei ein Fehlersignal zur Aktualisierung eines Filters zur adaptiven Echoeliminierung und/oder eines Filters zur adaptiven Entzerrung gebildet wird. Das Fehlersignal wird auch dazu verwendet, die Werte von gegebenen Vorrichtungen z.B. Kondensatoren, in den Umsetzern zu berichtigen, um Nichtlinearitäten in den Umsetzern zu verhindern. Die Signale werden damit von dem Fehlersignal zum Zwecke der Einstellung der Umsetzer gemäß geeigneten Algorithmen in separaten logischen Geräten gebildet.The EP-A-0 399 968 describes a method and an arrangement for avoidance the erroneous echo cancellation and / or equalization that occurs from nonlinearities a D / A converter and / or an A / D converter in a telecommunication system resulting in an error signal for updating a filter for adaptive echo cancellation and / or a filter for adaptive Equalization is formed. The error signal is also used the values of given devices e.g. Capacitors in the Correctors to prevent nonlinearities in the translators. The signals are thus from the error signal for the purpose of adjustment the converter according to appropriate Algorithms formed in separate logical devices.
Deshalb ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Verfahren zur Bestimmung der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders vorzusehen, insbesondere für einen Sender, der in einem einzelnen Transceiver eines Gigabit-Ethernet-Transceiver enthalten ist.Therefore It is an object of the present invention to provide methods for determination the non-linear distortion of a transmitter, in particular for one Transmitter operating in a single transceiver of a Gigabit Ethernet transceiver is included.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein System zum Bestimmen der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 9 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele sind in den Unteransprüchen definiert.These Task is solved by a method for determining the nonlinear Distortion of a transmitter with the features according to claim 1 and a system for Determine the non-linear distortion of a transmitter with the features according to claim 9 solved. Preferred embodiments are in the subclaims Are defined.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ERFINDUNGSUMMARY THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung sieht ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders vor. Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Testsymbol-Sequenz von dem Sender, der getestet wird, als ein analoges Ausgangssignal übertragen. Das analoge Ausgangssignal wird abgetastet, um eine erste Sequenz zu erzeugen, die die Testsymbol-Sequenz repräsentiert, wie sie von einer linearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz und einer nichtlinearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz verzerrt ist. Die Testsymbol-Sequenz wird über ein adaptives Filter gefiltert, um eine zweite Sequenz so zu erzeugen, dass die zweite Sequenz ungefähr gleich der Testsymbol-Sequenz ist, wie sie durch die lineare Verzerrungs-Sequenz verzerrt ist. Die zweite Sequenz wird von der ersten Sequenz subtrahiert, um eine Ausgangssequenz zu erzeugen, die im Wesentlichen gleich der nichtlinearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz ist.The The present invention provides a method for determining the non-linear Distortion of a transmitter before. According to one embodiment becomes a test symbol sequence from the transmitter being tested transmitted as an analog output signal. The analog output signal is sampled to a first sequence to generate the test symbol sequence as represented by a test symbol sequence linear distortion sequence and a non-linear distortion sequence is distorted. The test symbol sequence is filtered by an adaptive filter, to generate a second sequence such that the second sequence is approximately equal to the Test symbol sequence is as distorted by the linear distortion sequence. The second sequence is subtracted from the first sequence by one To generate output sequence that is substantially equal to the nonlinear Distortion sequence is.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel sieht ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders beim Vorhandensein eines störenden Sinussignals vor, das ein Signal simuliert, das von einem fernen Transceiver in Vollduplex-Kommunikation mit dem Transceiver übertragen wird, der den Sender besitzt, der getestet wird. Eine Testsymbol-Sequenz wird von dem Sender, der getestet wird, als ein analoges Ausgangssignal übertragen. Das analoge Ausgangssignal wird abgetastet, um einen Satz von Abtastdaten (sampled data) zu erzeugen. Eines sinusförmige Sequenz wird an die Abtastdaten angepasst. Die sinusförmige Sequenz wird von den Abtastdaten subtrahiert, um eine erste Sequenz zu erzeugen, wobei die erste Sequenz die Testsymbol-Sequenz repräsentiert, wie sie von einer linearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz und einer nichtlinearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz verzerrt ist. Die Testsymbol-Sequenz wird über ein adaptives Filter gefiltert, um eine zweite Sequenz so zu erzeugen, dass die zweite Sequenz ungefähr gleich der Testsymbol-Sequenz ist, wie sie von der linearen Verzerrungssequenz verzerrt ist. Die Filterkoeffizienten werden auf der Grundlage des Unterschieds zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Sequenz angepasst. Die zweite Sequenz wird von der ersten Sequenz subtrahiert, um eine Ausgangssequenz zu erzeugen, die im Wesentlichen gleich der nichtlinearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz ist.One embodiment provides a method for determining the nonlinear distortion of a Transmitter in the presence of a disturbing sinusoidal signal, the a signal simulated by a remote transceiver in full-duplex communication with transmitted to the transceiver who owns the transmitter being tested. A test symbol sequence is transmitted by the transmitter being tested as an analog output signal. The analog output is sampled to a set of sample data to produce (sampled data). A sinusoidal sequence is applied to the sample data customized. The sinusoidal Sequence is subtracted from the sample data to a first sequence with the first sequence representing the test symbol sequence, as defined by a linear distortion sequence and a non-linear distortion sequence is distorted. The test symbol sequence will over filtered an adaptive filter to produce a second sequence that the second sequence is about is equal to the test symbol sequence as given by the linear distortion sequence is distorted. The filter coefficients are based on the Adjusted difference between the first and the second sequence. The second sequence is subtracted from the first sequence by one To generate output sequence that is substantially equal to the nonlinear distortion sequence is.
KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENSHORT DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS
Unter Bezugnahme auf die nachfolgende Beschreibung und die beigefügten Zeichnungen werden die Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung offensichtlicher und die Erfindung wird besser verständlich, wobei:Under Reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings The features of the present invention will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood, wherein:
GENAUE BESCHREIBUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRECISE DESCRIPTION THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung sieht ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der nichtlinearen Verzerrung eines Senders vor. Eine Testsymbol-Sequenz wird von dem Sender, der getestet wird, als ein analoges Ausgangssignal übertragen. Das analoge Ausgangssignal wird abgetastet, um ein digitales Ausgangssignal zu erzeugen, das die Testsymbol-Sequenz repräsentiert, die von einer linearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz und von einer nichtlinearen Verzerrungs-Sequenz verzerrt ist. Das Echokompensationsverfahren wird verwendet, um die Testsymbol-Sequenz und die lineare Verzerrungs-Sequenz ungefähr zu entfernen. Die Restsequenz ist dann ein Maß der nichtlinearen Verzerrung des Senders, der getestet wird.The present invention provides a method for determining the nonlinear distortion of a transmitter. A test symbol sequence is transmitted by the transmitter being tested as an analog output signal. The analog output signal is sampled to produce a digital output signal representing the test symbol sequence that is distorted by a linear distortion sequence and a non-linear distortion sequence. The echo cancellation method is used to approximately remove the test symbol sequence and the linear distortion sequence. The residual sequence is then a measure of the nonlinear distortion of the transmitter being tested.
Die vorliegende Erfindung kann verwendet werden, um die nichtlineare Verzerrung eines Senders in einem Gigabit-Transceiver eines Gigabit-Ethernet-Kommunikationssystems zu messen. Zur Erleichterung der Erklärung wird die vorliegende Erfindung genau beschrieben, wie sie bei dieser beispielhaften Anwendung angewendet wird. Aber dies soll nicht als eine Beschränkung der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgelegt werden.The The present invention may be used to describe the non-linear Distortion of a transmitter in a Gigabit transceiver of a Gigabit Ethernet communication system to eat. For ease of explanation, the present invention exactly how they are applied in this exemplary application becomes. But this is not intended to be a limitation of the present invention be interpreted.
Um
die Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindungen zu erkennen, wird es von
Nutzen sein, die Erfindung im Kontext einer beispielhaften bidirektionalen
Kommunikationsvorrichtung wie etwa einem Ethernet-Transceiver zu
beschreiben. Die besondere beispielhafte Implementierung, die ausgewählt wurde,
ist in
In
Das
exemplarische Kommunikationssystem von
Nun
wird Bezug auf
Der
Empfängerabschnitt
umfasst allgemein ein Hochpassfilter
Der
Gigabit-Transceiver
Was
die Operationen betrifft, so empfängt der Sendeabschnitt
Der
PCS-Sendeabschnitt
Entsprechend
dieser Codierungsarchitektur generiert der PCS-Sendeabschnitt
Auf
dem Empfangspfad empfängt
der Leitungsschnittstellen-Block
Die
Ausgabe des A/D-FIFO
Der
Demodulator
Das
Vorläufer-Filter
Das
programmierbare IPR-Filter
Die
Summiervorrichtung
Die
drei NEXT-Canceller
Aufgrund
der bidirektionalen Natur des Kanals bewirkt jeder lokale Sender
eine Echobeeinträchtigung bei
dem empfangenen Signal des lokalen Empfängers, mit dem er zur Bildung
eines einzelnen Transceiver gepaart ist. Um diese Beeinträchtigung
zu beseitigen, wird ein Echokompensator
Die
adaptive Verstärkungsstufe
Die
Ausgabe der adaptiven Verstärkungsstufe
Im
Kontext des beispielhaften Ausführungsbeispiels
wurden die Daten, die an dem lokalen Transceiver empfangen wurden,
vor der Übertragung
an dem fernen Transceiver codiert. Im vorliegenden Fall können Daten
unter Verwendung eines vierdimensionalen 8-Zustands-Trellis-Code
codiert werden, und der Decodierer
Die
4-D-Ausgabe des Trellis-Decodierer
In
dem oben beschriebenen Gigabit-Transceiver (
Die vorliegende Erfindung kann verwendet werden, um die nichtlineare Verzerrung zu bestimmen, die von dem Senderabschnitt jedes einzelnen Transceiver in dem Gigabit-Transceiver eingeführt wird.The The present invention may be used to describe the non-linear Distortion determined by the transmitter section of each individual Transceiver is introduced in the gigabit transceiver.
Der
Symbolerzeuger
Die
Testsymbol-Sequenz Sn wird wiederholt an
den Sender
Der
externe Symbolerzeuger
Der
Canceller
Der
allgemein bekannte Algorithmus nach der Methode der kleinsten mittleren
Quadrate wird bei dem Trainingsprozess der Filterkoeffizienten verwendet.
Unter Bezugnahme auf
Der
Prozess
Beim
Start initialisiert der Prozess
Die
Blöcke
Die
Blöcke
In
Block
Obwohl bestimmte beispielhafte Ausführungsbeispiele genauer beschrieben und in den beigefügten Zeichnungen gezeigt worden sind, ist es selbstverständlich, dass diese Ausführungsbeispiele die weit gefasste Erfindung lediglich veranschaulichen und diese nicht einschränken. Somit wird es klar sein, dass verschiedene Modifikationen bei den veranschaulichten und anderen Ausführungsbeispielen der oben beschriebenen Erfindung durchgeführt werden können, ohne von dem weit gefassten Rahmen der Erfindung abzuweichen. Deshalb wird es verständlich sein, dass die Erfindung nicht auf die bestimmten Ausführungsbeispiele oder offenbarten Anordnungen beschränkt ist, sondern dass es eher gedacht ist, dass sie alle Änderungen, Anpassungen oder Modifikation abdeckt, wie diese in den anhängenden Ansprüchen definiert sind.Even though certain exemplary embodiments described in more detail and shown in the accompanying drawings are, of course, that these embodiments merely illustrate the broad invention and these do not restrict. Thus, it will be clear that various modifications to the illustrated and other embodiments of the above-described Invention performed can be without departing from the broad scope of the invention. Therefore it becomes understandable be that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments or disclosed arrangements, but that it is rather limited thought is that they have all the changes, Adjustments or modification covers, like these in the attached claims are defined.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
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US106870P | 1998-11-02 | ||
US10831998P | 1998-11-13 | 1998-11-13 | |
US108319P | 1998-11-13 | ||
US13061699P | 1999-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | |
US130616P | 1999-04-22 | ||
PCT/US1999/025811 WO2000027065A1 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Measurement of nonlinear distortion in transmitters |
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DE69928561D1 DE69928561D1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
DE69928561T2 true DE69928561T2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
Family
ID=27380212
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DE69928561T Expired - Lifetime DE69928561T2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | MEASUREMENT OF NONLINEAR DISTORTION IN TRANSMITTERS |
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US (3) | US6185261B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1127423B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE311049T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1463800A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69928561T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000027065A1 (en) |
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2001
- 2001-02-22 US US09/792,763 patent/US6731914B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US6731914B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
US20040142666A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
EP1127423B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
DE69928561D1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US20010034216A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
US7068982B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 |
ATE311049T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
AU1463800A (en) | 2000-05-22 |
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