DE69621101T2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Granulieren von Strängen aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Granulieren von Strängen aus thermoplastischen KunststoffenInfo
- Publication number
- DE69621101T2 DE69621101T2 DE69621101T DE69621101T DE69621101T2 DE 69621101 T2 DE69621101 T2 DE 69621101T2 DE 69621101 T DE69621101 T DE 69621101T DE 69621101 T DE69621101 T DE 69621101T DE 69621101 T2 DE69621101 T2 DE 69621101T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic materials
- granulating strands
- granulating
- strands
- thermoplastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
- B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
- B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/582—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for discharging, e.g. doors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/49—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using two or more extruders to feed one die or nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
- B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/255—Flow control means, e.g. valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
- B29C48/387—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using a screw extruder and a gear pump
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
- B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
- B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/911—Cooling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7296679A JP2963380B2 (ja) | 1995-11-15 | 1995-11-15 | 熱可塑性樹脂の造粒方法および造粒装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69621101D1 DE69621101D1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
DE69621101T2 true DE69621101T2 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
Family
ID=17836681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69621101T Expired - Fee Related DE69621101T2 (de) | 1995-11-15 | 1996-11-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Granulieren von Strängen aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US5747077A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0774332B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2963380B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69621101T2 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005007102A1 (de) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-24 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Anfahrventil |
EP2487017A1 (de) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-15 | Krones AG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Polymergranulat |
DE202011104968U1 (de) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-11-26 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Schmelzeverarbeitungsanlage |
DE202019004296U1 (de) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-01-19 | Maag Automatik Gmbh | Unterwassergranulator |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3061580B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-10 | 2000-07-10 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 色違いペレットの製造方法および製造装置 |
US6787073B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2004-09-07 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Waste polymer processing device and method |
WO2001010620A2 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Waste polymer processing device |
JP4315314B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-28 | 2009-08-19 | 株式会社オシキリ | 分割装置 |
DE10151433A1 (de) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-30 | Berstorff Gmbh | Zweischneckenextruder |
DE10151432A1 (de) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-30 | Berstorff Gmbh | Extruder mit Heizelementen |
FR2902767B1 (fr) * | 2006-06-22 | 2008-09-19 | J P B Creations Sa | Dispositif de conditionnement d'un produit a base de colle |
CN101505944B (zh) * | 2006-08-09 | 2013-04-17 | 因艾克斯塞尔商标专利公司 | 利用双挤出制备颜料颗粒的方法 |
US20080089989A1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-17 | The Quaker Oats Company, Inc. | Apparatus with flow divider and method for making multicolored cereal |
AT508199B1 (de) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-05-15 | Erema | Vorrichtung zur heissabschlag-granulierung |
EP2353832A1 (de) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-10 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Verfahren zum Hochfahren eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung von expandierbaren aromatischen Vinylpolymeren |
BR112012018852A2 (pt) * | 2010-01-28 | 2016-04-12 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | usina para a fabricação contínua de um granulado plástico expansível, bem como o método de produzi-lo |
DE102012025259B4 (de) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-17 | Maag Automatik Gmbh | Blockträger mit integrierter Stranggießeinrichtung für thermoplastische Kunststoffe sowie Granuliervorrichtung |
CN107199683A (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-26 | 六安市洁美再生物资回收有限公司 | 一种双头熔融塑料挤出成型模头 |
US11034087B2 (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2021-06-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Shaping material supply device and three-dimensional shaping apparatus |
WO2019129686A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-04 | Versalis S.P.A. | Circuit and process for managing transients in a plant for continuous mass production of granulated expandable polymers |
JP7180154B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-12 | 2022-11-30 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置および三次元造形物の製造方法 |
JP7115088B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-12 | 2022-08-09 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置および三次元造形物の製造方法 |
JP7155937B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-22 | 2022-10-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置および三次元造形装置の制御方法 |
JP7159814B2 (ja) | 2018-11-28 | 2022-10-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置、および、三次元造形物の製造方法 |
JP7155950B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2022-10-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置、および、三次元造形装置の制御方法 |
CN110091491A (zh) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-06 | 福州大学 | 应用转换阀增强料流阻力的双头软管机头及其工作方法 |
JP7272132B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-05-12 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 流量調節装置、三次元造形装置および射出成形装置 |
JP2022007276A (ja) | 2020-06-26 | 2022-01-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置 |
JP2022100655A (ja) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-07-06 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置、および三次元造形物の製造方法 |
US20230000129A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Frazer-Nash Manufacturing Limited | Extrusion system |
WO2024044447A1 (en) | 2022-08-22 | 2024-02-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods of pelletizing or briquetting polymer solids |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2858851A (en) * | 1954-09-16 | 1958-11-04 | James W F Holl | Push-pull valve |
US3230582A (en) * | 1963-02-27 | 1966-01-25 | Black Clawson Co | Plastic pelletizer |
US3349433A (en) * | 1964-11-24 | 1967-10-31 | Barmag Barmer Maschf | Device for granulating extruded polymers |
US3436449A (en) * | 1966-02-03 | 1969-04-01 | Ici Ltd | Granulation of theromplastic materials |
US3589163A (en) * | 1969-04-14 | 1971-06-29 | Gulf & Western Ind Prod Co | Extrusion apparatus with flow diverter |
US3590678A (en) * | 1969-07-31 | 1971-07-06 | Gen Mills Inc | Extrusion apparatus with a cutting mechanism having means to stop the cutter at a predetermined position |
IT1017449B (it) * | 1973-08-02 | 1977-07-20 | Scheer & Cie C F | Dsipsoitivo per la lavorazione di materia plastica fusa particolar mente per l estrusione di cordoni di materia plastica nella prepa razione di granulato di materia plastica |
US4327050A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1982-04-27 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Extrusion and pelleting apparatus and method |
JPS61185416A (ja) * | 1985-02-13 | 1986-08-19 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 立て形空中造粒装置 |
DE3815897C2 (de) * | 1988-05-10 | 1995-05-04 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Schneckenmaschine mit Anfahrventil und Drossel |
US5067885A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1991-11-26 | Gencorp Inc. | Rapid change die assembly |
US5219588A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1993-06-15 | Gencorp Inc. | Die assembly control |
DE4111218C2 (de) * | 1991-04-07 | 1995-12-21 | Troester Maschf Paul | Zahnradpumpe für das Fördern von schwer verarbeitbaren Kautschukmischungen |
JP2641334B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-10 | 1997-08-13 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 水中造粒方法及び装置 |
JP3110521B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-21 | 2000-11-20 | 三菱電線工業株式会社 | 着色長尺体の製造装置 |
US5238385A (en) * | 1992-05-22 | 1993-08-24 | Nestec S.A. | Extrusion die assembly |
US5261454A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-16 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Multiport selector valve |
DE4306014C1 (de) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-02-03 | Lihotzky Emil Maschfab | Extrusionsmaschine |
ATE160719T1 (de) * | 1994-08-23 | 1997-12-15 | Danubia Petrochem Polymere | Verfahren zur granulierung von polymeren und vorrichtung dazu |
-
1995
- 1995-11-15 JP JP7296679A patent/JP2963380B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-11-13 EP EP96118223A patent/EP0774332B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-13 DE DE69621101T patent/DE69621101T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-13 US US08/747,813 patent/US5747077A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-23 US US08/880,993 patent/US5876646A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-09 US US09/020,383 patent/US5879720A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005007102A1 (de) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-24 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Anfahrventil |
DE102005007102B4 (de) * | 2005-02-16 | 2010-02-11 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Anfahrventil |
US8187512B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2012-05-29 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Method and device for granulating plastics and/or polymers |
US9789640B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2017-10-17 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Method and device for granulating plastics and/or polymers |
EP2487017A1 (de) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-15 | Krones AG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Polymergranulat |
DE102011003986A1 (de) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-16 | Krones Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Polymergranulat |
DE202011104968U1 (de) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-11-26 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Schmelzeverarbeitungsanlage |
US9873220B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2018-01-23 | Gala Industries, Inc. | Melt processing plant |
DE202019004296U1 (de) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-01-19 | Maag Automatik Gmbh | Unterwassergranulator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0774332A2 (de) | 1997-05-21 |
US5747077A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
JPH09136322A (ja) | 1997-05-27 |
US5876646A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
JP2963380B2 (ja) | 1999-10-18 |
EP0774332B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
DE69621101D1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
US5879720A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
EP0774332A3 (de) | 1998-01-14 |
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