DE69016881D1 - Festen Elektrolyten enthaltende Brennstoffzelle. - Google Patents

Festen Elektrolyten enthaltende Brennstoffzelle.

Info

Publication number
DE69016881D1
DE69016881D1 DE69016881T DE69016881T DE69016881D1 DE 69016881 D1 DE69016881 D1 DE 69016881D1 DE 69016881 T DE69016881 T DE 69016881T DE 69016881 T DE69016881 T DE 69016881T DE 69016881 D1 DE69016881 D1 DE 69016881D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell containing
containing solid
solid electrolytes
electrolytes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE69016881T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69016881T2 (de
Inventor
Kazuo Fushimi
Kaoru Kitakizaki
Kazuhiko Kawakami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP1217777A external-priority patent/JP2841528B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1217780A external-priority patent/JP2940008B2/ja
Application filed by Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69016881D1 publication Critical patent/DE69016881D1/de
Publication of DE69016881T2 publication Critical patent/DE69016881T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8896—Pressing, rolling, calendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8867—Vapour deposition
    • H01M4/8871—Sputtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H01M4/861—Porous electrodes with a gradient in the porosity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
    • H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
    • H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
DE69016881T 1989-08-24 1990-08-24 Festen Elektrolyten enthaltende Brennstoffzelle. Expired - Fee Related DE69016881T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1217777A JP2841528B2 (ja) 1989-08-24 1989-08-24 固体電解質型燃料電池
JP1217780A JP2940008B2 (ja) 1989-08-24 1989-08-24 固体電解質型燃料電池

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69016881D1 true DE69016881D1 (de) 1995-03-23
DE69016881T2 DE69016881T2 (de) 1995-06-08

Family

ID=26522200

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69016881T Expired - Fee Related DE69016881T2 (de) 1989-08-24 1990-08-24 Festen Elektrolyten enthaltende Brennstoffzelle.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5151334A (de)
EP (1) EP0414270B1 (de)
KR (1) KR950001256B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69016881T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07118327B2 (ja) * 1990-07-07 1995-12-18 日本碍子株式会社 固体電解質型燃料電池及びこれに用いる多孔質電極体
JP3295945B2 (ja) * 1991-02-22 2002-06-24 株式会社村田製作所 固体電解質型燃料電池のディストリビュータとその製造方法
US5805973A (en) * 1991-03-25 1998-09-08 General Electric Company Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits
US5372895A (en) * 1991-12-12 1994-12-13 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Solid oxide fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same
EP0607651B1 (de) * 1993-01-15 1998-01-07 General Electric Company Verhütung von Ablagerungen thermischer Zersetzungsprodukte von Brennstoff
CA2113366C (en) * 1993-01-15 2005-11-08 George A. Coffinberry Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits
DE4318818C2 (de) * 1993-06-07 1995-05-04 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von konditionierter Prozessluft für luftatmende Brennstoffzellensysteme
EP0635896B1 (de) * 1993-07-20 1997-09-24 Sulzer Hexis AG Zentralsymmetrische Brennstoffzellenbatterie
US5942348A (en) * 1994-12-01 1999-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fuel cell with ceramic-coated bipolar plates and a process for producing the fuel cell
US6153327A (en) * 1995-03-03 2000-11-28 Southwest Research Institute Amorphous carbon comprising a catalyst
US6159533A (en) * 1997-09-11 2000-12-12 Southwest Research Institute Method of depositing a catalyst on a fuel cell electrode
US5939219A (en) * 1995-10-12 1999-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-temperature fuel cell having at least one electrically insulating covering and method for producing a high-temperature fuel cell
DE19547700C2 (de) * 1995-12-20 1998-09-17 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Elektrodensubstrat für eine Brennstoffzelle
DK0788175T3 (da) * 1996-02-02 2000-07-10 Sulzer Hexis Ag Højtemperatur-brændstofcelle med en tyndfilmelektrolyt
DE19605086C1 (de) * 1996-02-12 1997-06-26 Siemens Ag Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle und aus solchen bestehender Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE19609418C2 (de) * 1996-03-11 1998-08-13 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Beschichtung von porösen Elektroden mit dünnen Elektrolytschichten
WO1997043117A1 (en) 1996-05-16 1997-11-20 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Low temperature material bonding technique
AU3376697A (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-01-05 Southwest Research Institute Cylindrical proton exchange membrane fuel cells and methods of making same
US6063517A (en) * 1997-10-16 2000-05-16 Southwest Research Institute Spiral wrapped cylindrical proton exchange membrane fuel cells and methods of making same
US5902691A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-05-11 Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Fuel cell with shared space for electrode assembly
US6051329A (en) * 1998-01-15 2000-04-18 International Business Machines Corporation Solid oxide fuel cell having a catalytic anode
US6096450A (en) * 1998-02-11 2000-08-01 Plug Power Inc. Fuel cell assembly fluid flow plate having conductive fibers and rigidizing material therein
US6610436B1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2003-08-26 Gore Enterprise Holdings Catalytic coatings and fuel cell electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies made therefrom
US6287717B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2001-09-11 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs
US6228521B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2001-05-08 The University Of Utah Research Foundation High power density solid oxide fuel cell having a graded anode
US6300000B1 (en) 1999-06-18 2001-10-09 Gore Enterprise Holdings Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs and poison resistance
DK174654B1 (da) * 2000-02-02 2003-08-11 Topsoe Haldor As Faststofoxid brændselscelle og anvendelser heraf
JP2002289248A (ja) * 2001-01-17 2002-10-04 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池用単セル及び固体電解質型燃料電池
DK1624520T3 (da) 2002-03-27 2012-01-02 Topsoe Fuel Cell As Tyndfilmfastoxidbrændselscelle (SOFC) og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling heraf
AU2003291044A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-06-15 Battelle Memorial Institute Copper-substituted perovskite compositions for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes and oxygen reduction electrochemical devices
US20040214070A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2004-10-28 Simner Steven P. Low sintering lanthanum ferrite materials for use as solid oxide fuel cell cathodes and oxygen reduction electrodes and other electrochemical devices
JP4695828B2 (ja) * 2003-11-05 2011-06-08 本田技研工業株式会社 電解質・電極接合体及びその製造方法
FR2873460B1 (fr) * 2004-07-21 2006-10-06 Saint Gobain Systeme electrochimique a electrolyte non oxyde
JP4551429B2 (ja) * 2006-09-29 2010-09-29 株式会社神戸製鋼所 燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法、燃料電池用セパレータおよび燃料電池
US9070946B2 (en) * 2010-01-19 2015-06-30 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Electrolyte-electrode joined assembly and method for producing the same
KR101288407B1 (ko) * 2012-03-12 2013-07-22 전북대학교산학협력단 고체산화물 연료전지용 음극의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 고체산화물 연료전지용 음극
CA2875821A1 (en) 2012-06-13 2013-12-19 Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. Flow structures for use with an electrochemical cell

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US3464861A (en) * 1964-08-20 1969-09-02 Shell Oil Co Fuel cells with solid state electrolytes
FR1582674A (de) * 1967-08-31 1969-10-03
US3551209A (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-12-29 Us Interior Formation of skeletal metal solid electrolyte fuel cell electrodes
CH515622A (fr) * 1969-10-22 1971-11-15 Raffinage Cie Francaise Ensemble électrode-électrolyte pour pile à combustible à électrolyte solide fonctionnant à haute température et procédé pour sa fabrication
FR2182650B1 (de) * 1972-04-27 1974-07-26 Citroen Sa
DE2316067C3 (de) * 1973-03-30 1979-04-12 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Brennstoffbatterie in FUterpressenbauweise
US4129685A (en) * 1977-08-15 1978-12-12 United Technologies Corp. Fuel cell structure
JPS62268063A (ja) * 1986-05-14 1987-11-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体電解質の製造方法
JPS6353863A (ja) * 1986-08-22 1988-03-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体電解質燃料電池
US4851303A (en) * 1986-11-26 1989-07-25 Sri-International Solid compositions for fuel cells, sensors and catalysts
JP2592067B2 (ja) * 1987-07-01 1997-03-19 三菱重工業株式会社 固体電解質型燃料電池の酸素極
JPH02504445A (ja) * 1988-05-20 1990-12-13 エス・アール・アイ・インターナシヨナル 燃料電池電解質のための固体組成物

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0414270A2 (de) 1991-02-27
EP0414270A3 (en) 1991-11-13
KR910005504A (ko) 1991-03-30
EP0414270B1 (de) 1995-02-15
US5151334A (en) 1992-09-29
KR950001256B1 (ko) 1995-02-15
DE69016881T2 (de) 1995-06-08

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