DE621990C - Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields - Google Patents

Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields

Info

Publication number
DE621990C
DE621990C DEK135883D DEK0135883D DE621990C DE 621990 C DE621990 C DE 621990C DE K135883 D DEK135883 D DE K135883D DE K0135883 D DEK0135883 D DE K0135883D DE 621990 C DE621990 C DE 621990C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
media
currents
generated
derivation
relative movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEK135883D
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LON LADISLAUS VON KRAMOLIN
Original Assignee
LON LADISLAUS VON KRAMOLIN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LON LADISLAUS VON KRAMOLIN filed Critical LON LADISLAUS VON KRAMOLIN
Priority to DEK135883D priority Critical patent/DE621990C/en
Priority claimed from DEK125360D external-priority patent/DE632443C/en
Priority to GB12769/33A priority patent/GB414851A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE621990C publication Critical patent/DE621990C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • H02K44/085Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators with conducting liquids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • H02K44/18Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators for generating AC power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • H02K44/18Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators for generating AC power
    • H02K44/20Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators for generating AC power by changing the polarity of the magnetic field

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Es sind Vorrichtungen bekannt, bei denen elektrische Energien dadurch erzeugt werden, daß leitende Dämpfe oder Gase in elektromagnetischen Kraftfeldern bewegt werden. Wird ein Gefäß, welches z. B. mit Quecksilber oder einem anderen Material gefüllt ist, erhitzt, so kann man durch die Wärme Drücke erzeugen, welche dann den Dämpfen bestimmte Geschwindigkeiten mitzuteilen gestatten. Werden diese leitenden Dämpfe z. B. durch ein Magnetfeld hindurchgeführt, so entstehen in den Dämpfen elektrische Spannungen, welche bei geeigneter Wahl der Vorrichtungen nutzbringend verwendet werden können.Devices are known in which electrical energies are generated by that conductive vapors or gases are moved in electromagnetic force fields. If a vessel, which z. B. is filled with mercury or another material, heated, in this way one can generate pressures through the heat, which then give certain velocities to the vapors allow to communicate. Are these conductive vapors z. B. passed through a magnetic field, so arise in the vapors electrical voltages, which are useful with a suitable choice of devices can be used.

Werden solche- Quecksilberdämpfe, welche recht erhebliche Geschwindigkeiten erreichen können (bei normalen gekühlten Quecksilberdampfgleichrichtern werden bereits in den Armen und im Kondensationsraum Geschwindigkeiten bis zu, 4,5 X io3 cm pro Sekunde erreicht), durch ein Magnetfeld getrieben, so können erhebliche Spannungen erzeugt werden. An und für sich sind diese Spannungen aber schwer nutzbar auszuwerten, da infolge des hohen Potentialgefälles an den Elektroden, insbesondere des hohen Kathodenfalles, eine beträchtliche Spannung notwendig ist, um überhaupt eine Nutzspannung an den Elektroden abnehmen zu können. Da der Kathodenfall im Quecksilber bei den in Quecksilberdampfgleichrichtern vorkommenden Drücken in der Größenordnung von 500 V an einer kalten Kathode ist, so· ist hiernach ohne weiteres einzusehen, daß die bisherigen Versuche, auf diese Weise Stromerzeugung zu bewirken, erfolglos bleiben mußten.If such mercury vapors, which can reach very high speeds (with normal cooled mercury vapor rectifiers, speeds of up to 4.5 x 10 3 cm per second are already reached in the arms and in the condensation room), considerable voltages can be generated will. In and of itself, however, these voltages are difficult to utilize because, due to the high potential gradient at the electrodes, in particular the high cathode drop, a considerable voltage is necessary in order to be able to draw a useful voltage at the electrodes at all. Since the cathode fall in the mercury at the pressures occurring in mercury vapor rectifiers is in the order of magnitude of 500 V at a cold cathode, it is easy to see from this that the previous attempts to produce electricity in this way had to remain unsuccessful.

Nach der Erfindung soll dieser Übelstand nun dadurch umgangen werden, daß die beim Übergang des erzeugten Stromes von dem gas- oder dampfförmigen Medium in den Nutzstromkreis entstehenden Elektrodenverluste durch Aktivierung der Abnahmeelektroden mit die Aus- oder Eintrittsarbeit vermindernden Substanzen bzw. durch Heizung der Elektroden vermindert werden. Z. B. wird als Abnahmeelektrode, wenigstens als Kathode, eine aktivierte Elektrode, z. B. Ni mit Barium, Strontium, Cäsium u. dgl., benutzt. Dabei kann diese Elektrode entweder durch Fremdheizung so erregt werden, daß der Kathodenfall wesentlich herabgesetzt wird, oder aber die Elektrode kann die benötigte Emission durch Selbstaufheizung hervorbringen. Auch alle anderen Arten von Emissionsbildung", wie z. B. photoelektrische Wirkung u. dgl., können sinngemäß benutzt werden. Soll Wechselstrom erzeugt werden, so müssen natürlich beide Elektroden aktiviert sein.According to the invention, this drawback is now to be circumvented in that the at Transition of the generated current from the gaseous or vaporous medium into the useful circuit resulting in electrode losses by activating the pick-up electrodes to reduce the entry or exit work Substances or by heating the electrodes are reduced. E.g. as a pick-up electrode, at least as a cathode, an activated electrode, e.g. B. Ni with barium, strontium, cesium and the like., Used. This electrode can either be excited by external heating so that the Cathode drop is significantly reduced, or else the electrode can provide the required one Bring emission through self-heating. All other types of emission formation ", such as B. photoelectric effect and the like., Can be used accordingly. If alternating current is to be generated, see above Both electrodes must of course be activated.

Da, wie bereits erwähnt, das Kathodengefälle im Quecksilberdampf ungefähr 500 VSince, as already mentioned, the cathode gradient in mercury vapor is around 500 V

beträgt, so ist es nicht nötig, die Polschuhe sowie sonstige Metallteile im Innern der Anordnung gegen die Quecksilberdämpfe zu isolieren, solange.die in den Dämpfen erzeugten ί Spannungen sich genügend weit unterhalb diesem Grenzwert bewegen.it is not necessary to place the pole pieces or other metal parts inside the arrangement to isolate against the mercury vapors as long as those generated in the vapors ί Tensions are sufficiently far below this limit value.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Gleichstrom ist in der Abbildung gegeben. Hg stellt einen Quecksilbervorrat dar, der durch einen untenstehenden Bunsenbrenner erhitzt wird.. Der sich bildende Dampf strömt durch eine Düse in ein Gefäß e, das sich' zwischen Polschuhen ?tund s befindet. Im oberen Teil des Spaltes befindet sich eine Elektrode g, welche als Anode wirkt. Im unteren Teil des Gefäßes, befindet sich eine geheizte und aktivierte Glühkathode. Zu diesen beiden Elektroden wird durch den mit großer Geschwindigkeit durch das Magnetfeld hindurchströmenden Dampf eine elektrische Spannung erzeugt, die durch Anlegen irgendwelcher Nutzstromverbraucher an die Elektroden g und h ausgenutzt werden kann. Durch die Emission der Elektrode h, die als Kathode wirkt, wird der dort auftretende Hochspannungsabfall des Quecksilbers auf einen kleinen Wert reduziert. In e werden die Quecksilberdämpfe unter dem Einfluß des bei f in den Kühlmantel eintretenden Kondensationsraumes kondensiert und über eine manometrische Absperrung dem Siedegefäß zugeführt.An embodiment of an arrangement for generating direct current is given in the figure. Hg represents a supply of mercury which is heated by a Bunsen burner below. The steam that forms flows through a nozzle into a vessel e, which is located between pole pieces? T and s . In the upper part of the gap there is an electrode g which acts as an anode. In the lower part of the vessel there is a heated and activated hot cathode. An electrical voltage is generated for these two electrodes by the steam flowing through the magnetic field at high speed, which voltage can be used by applying any useful current consumers to the electrodes g and h . The emission of the electrode h, which acts as a cathode, reduces the high voltage drop of the mercury that occurs there to a small value. In e the mercury vapors are condensed under the influence of the condensation space entering the cooling jacket at f and fed to the boiling vessel via a manometric shut-off.

Claims (1)

Patentanspruch :Claim: Verfahren zur Ableitung von Strömen aus gas- bzw. dampfförmigen Medien, in denen durch Relativbewegung zwischen diesen Medien und elektromagnetischen Kraftfeldern in an sich bekannter Weise elektrische Ströme erzeugt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beim Übergang des erzeugten Stromes von dem gas- oder dampfförmigen Medium in den Nutzstromkreis entstehenden Elektrodenverluste durch Aktivierung der Abnahmeelektroden mit die Aus- oder Eintrittsarbeit vermindernden Substanzen bzw. durch Heizung der Elektroden vermindert werden. -Process for the derivation of flows from gaseous or vaporous media, in those due to relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields in a manner known per se electrical currents are generated, characterized in that the transition of the generated current from the gaseous or vaporous medium into the utility circuit Electrode losses caused by activation of the pick-up electrodes with substances that reduce the work of entry or exit or can be reduced by heating the electrodes. - Hierzu 1 Blatt 'Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
DEK135883D 1932-05-03 1932-05-04 Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields Expired DE621990C (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK135883D DE621990C (en) 1932-05-03 1932-05-04 Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields
GB12769/33A GB414851A (en) 1932-05-03 1933-05-02 Improvements in or relating to electric generators

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE414851X 1932-05-03
DEK125360D DE632443C (en) 1932-05-03 1932-05-04 Method for deriving currents from a liquid, gaseous or vaporous medium, in which electrical currents are generated by the relative movement between this medium and electromagnetic fields
DEK135883D DE621990C (en) 1932-05-03 1932-05-04 Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE621990C true DE621990C (en) 1935-11-16

Family

ID=27203279

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEK135883D Expired DE621990C (en) 1932-05-03 1932-05-04 Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE621990C (en)
GB (1) GB414851A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6777915B2 (en) * 2000-06-30 2004-08-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Charger, battery pack, and charging system using the charger and battery pack
US7285936B2 (en) * 2000-11-24 2007-10-23 Tokyo R & D Ltd. Charging system for battery-set
US7525288B2 (en) * 2001-02-14 2009-04-28 Sony Corporation Charging/discharging apparatus and method, power supplying apparatus and method, power supplying system and method, program storing medium, and program
US8040110B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2011-10-18 Eaton Power Quality Company Stress management of battery recharge, and method of state of charge estimation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6777915B2 (en) * 2000-06-30 2004-08-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Charger, battery pack, and charging system using the charger and battery pack
US7285936B2 (en) * 2000-11-24 2007-10-23 Tokyo R & D Ltd. Charging system for battery-set
US7525288B2 (en) * 2001-02-14 2009-04-28 Sony Corporation Charging/discharging apparatus and method, power supplying apparatus and method, power supplying system and method, program storing medium, and program
US8040110B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2011-10-18 Eaton Power Quality Company Stress management of battery recharge, and method of state of charge estimation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB414851A (en) 1934-08-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE898163C (en) Toggle circuit arrangement for generating saw-tooth-shaped currents
DE957146C (en) Switching arrangement for the automatic limitation of the temperature of the anode of a X-ray tube
DE621990C (en) Process for the derivation of currents from gas or vaporous media, in which electrical currents are generated through relative movement between these media and electromagnetic force fields
DE632443C (en) Method for deriving currents from a liquid, gaseous or vaporous medium, in which electrical currents are generated by the relative movement between this medium and electromagnetic fields
DE624144C (en) Ultra short wave generator for high performance
DE944022C (en) Arrangement for regulating voltages
DE674673C (en) Arrangement for current conversion with the help of gas or vapor discharge vessels with arc-like discharge
DE966205C (en) Device for regulating high-frequency generators
DE1244287B (en) Device for forced commutation for a DC-fed motor with an armature winding in the stator with at least two armature winding branches, field excitation on the rotor side and an electronic commutator
DE704505C (en) Process to improve the efficiency of electricity generation in gas or vapor discharge vessels
DE975874C (en) Arrangement for generating electrical power
DE646850C (en) Divided discharge tube for the generation and gradual acceleration of cathode rays
DE731423C (en) Process for increasing the secondary emissivity of a beryllium alloy
DE856169C (en) Device with a discharge tube which is sensitive to changes in space charge and is provided with a cathode directly heated by alternating current
DE746585C (en) Electric rectifier tubes, especially for high currents
AT115804B (en) Cathode ray tube for extra high voltages.
DE375960C (en) Circuit arrangement for the operation of high-voltage equipment, in particular red pipes
DE572275C (en) Vacuum switching device
AT127679B (en) Vacuum switching device.
DE660698C (en) Arrangement for converting direct current into alternating current
DE703296C (en) Voltage regulator for direct or alternating current
DE898340C (en) Process for the energy supply of tilting devices for the deflection of electron beams
AT146931B (en) Device for converting high voltages by means of spark gaps with main and auxiliary electrodes in flowing gas.
DE320535C (en) Process for aging liquids containing alcohol by electrostatic means
DE638123C (en) Electrical discharge device for generating canal rays by means of very high voltages of over 1 million volts