DE570026C - Process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons

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Publication number
DE570026C
DE570026C DE1927570026D DE570026DD DE570026C DE 570026 C DE570026 C DE 570026C DE 1927570026 D DE1927570026 D DE 1927570026D DE 570026D D DE570026D D DE 570026DD DE 570026 C DE570026 C DE 570026C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbons
nickel
catalytic conversion
gases
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1927570026D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Wilhelm Haller
Dr William Hennicke
Dr Gustav Wietzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Original Assignee
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IG Farbenindustrie AG filed Critical IG Farbenindustrie AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE570026C publication Critical patent/DE570026C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/40Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C01B2203/1052Nickel or cobalt catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur katalytischen Umwandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffen Es ist bekannt, Kohlenwasserstofie in Kohlenoxyd-@Vasserstoi-t-Gemische überzuführen, indem man sie mit Wasserdampf oder Kohlensäure bei höheren Temperaturen über Katalysatoren führt. Diese Reaktionen sind stark endotherm, und da sie erst bei höherer Temperatur vor sich gehen, ist es schwierig. die erforderliche Wärme zuzuführen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind schon verschiedene Wege angegeben worden; beispielsweise hat man vorgeschlagen. gleichzeitig mit der Umsetzung durch Wasserdampf eine \-erbrennung irgendwelcher Heizgase stattfinden zu lassen oder den Reaktionsraum im Wechselbetrieb aufzubeizen oder schließlich die Umsetzung in von außen beheizten Rohren aus Edelstählen vor sich gehen zu lassen. ßei letzterem Verfahren werden "Temperaturen von jooo'' und darüber angewendet. Praktische Bedeutung hat dieses Verfahren jedoch nicht erlangt, weil bei der hohen Temperatur das Wandmaterial zu stark abgenutzt wird und die Ausbeuten gerinn bleiben, weil hierbei nur schwach wirksame Katalysatoren verwendet werden.Process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons Es is known to convert hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide @ Vasserstoi-t mixtures, by exposing them to steam or carbonic acid at higher temperatures over catalysts leads. These reactions are strongly endothermic, and since they only occur at a higher temperature going on, it is difficult. supply the required heat. To the solution Various ways have already been given to this task; for example has one suggested. a \ -burning occurs simultaneously with the reaction by steam to allow any heating gases to take place or to alternate the reaction space pickling or finally the implementation in externally heated pipes made of stainless steel to let go. In the latter process, "temperatures of jooo" and applied above. However, this procedure has not achieved practical importance, because at the high temperature the wall material is worn too much and the yields Remain coagulated because only weakly effective catalysts are used here.

Es wurde gefunden, dali sich das Verfahren ohne Schwierigkeiten im Dauerbetrieb unter Erzielung hoher Ausbeuten ausführen läC,t, wenn man die Gase über aktivierte Katzlysatoren üi länglichen Räumen leitet, deren *ände aus Edelstahl, insbesondere Chromnickelstahl, oder hochwertigen Nickellegierunen. wie Chromnickel, bestehen und die Von' außen auf Temperaturen unter rooo° erhitzt «erden, vorzugsweise mittels heißer Verbrennungsgase. Als längliche Räume kommen z. B. Rohre von nicht zu großem Querschnitt, z. B. von =oo qcm und weniger, in Betracht. Man kann z. B. einen Röhrenkessel verwenden und den Katalysator entweder in die Ruhrc legen und heiße Verbrennungsgase durch den von den Rohren durchzogenen Raum leiten oder auch umgekehrt verfahren. Als Katalvsatoren verwendet man z. B. mit Tonerde,- -1,lagnesia u. dgl. aktiviertes Nickel, weil hierbei kohlenwasserstoffarme Endgase erhalten werden, die zur Verwendung bei Synthesen, z.13. bei der Ammoniaksynthese, vorzüglich geeignet sind. Wenn im wesentlichen Wasserstoff und kein Kohlenoxyd -ewünscht wird, so kann man dem gesamten Kaialysator oder dem letzten Teil desselben noch solche Katalysatoren zumischen, welche die hohlenoxydumsctzung finit Wasserdampf beschleunigen. Sind die Ausgangsstoffe stark verunreinigt, insbesondere durch organische Schwefelverbindungen, so müssen diese erst entfernt werden, z. B. durch Cberleiten des Gemisches über auf 3oo= erhitzte Metalloxyde oder nach irgendeinem anderen bekannten \,-erfahren.It has been found that the process works without difficulty Continuous operation with high yields can be carried out if the gases are used via activated cat lysers it leads to elongated rooms, the edges of which are made of stainless steel, especially chrome-nickel steel, or high-quality nickel alloy runner. like chrome nickel, and that are heated from the outside to temperatures below rooo °, preferably by means of hot combustion gases. As elongated rooms z. B. tubes of no too large cross-section, e.g. B. of = oo qcm and less, into consideration. You can z. B. use a tubular boiler and either place the catalyst in the Ruhrc and direct hot combustion gases through the space traversed by the pipes or else proceed in reverse. The catalysts used are e.g. B. with clay, -1, lagnesia and the like activated nickel, because end gases that are low in hydrocarbons are obtained intended for use in syntheses, e.g. 13. in the synthesis of ammonia, excellent are suitable. If essentially hydrogen and no carbon oxide is desired, so one can add such to the entire caialyzer or to the last part of it Mix in catalysts which accelerate the conversion of hollow oxide into finite water vapor. If the starting materials are heavily contaminated, in particular by organic sulfur compounds, so these must first be removed, z. B. by passing the Mixture about metal oxides heated to 3oo = or according to any other known \, -.

Man kann (lein Kohlenwasserstoff-Wasserdampf- bzw. Kohlensäure-Gemisch noch andere Gase zufügen, insbesondere Sauerstoff oder Luft oderleides. Man kann ferner auch die Kohlenwasserstotte in zwei Stufen behandeln und sie in der ersten, gegebenenfalls unter Zusatz. von Sauerstoff oder Luft, höheren Temperaturen aussetzen derart, daß das erhaltene Gemisch noch einen merklichen Gehalt an Kohlenwasserstofen besitzt, und in der zweiten Stufe alsdann eine völlige Umsetzung bewirken. Beispiel 5o m:, Leuchtgas von der ungefähren Zusammensetzung. 3 c? o C 0.,. a 0 o C," H", 6 % Co, .3 z o:o H., 3 i o o C H, 6 0'0 \" werden mit etwa ioo kg nveckmäl3ig überhitztem Wasserdampf über einen von außen auf Temperaturen von (ioo bis Soo erhitzten, in Rohren aus Edelstahl gelagerten Katalysator, bestehend aus mit A1.=0.; aktiviertem Ni, geleitet. Es entsteht ein Gas von etwa folgender Zusammensetzung: 14,5 % CO,, ;S ob HJ, 4,6 % CO, 0,2 0,10 CI-1" 2.; % N=.Other gases can also be added to a hydrocarbon / steam or carbonic acid mixture, in particular oxygen or air or otherwise. The hydrocarbons can also be treated in two stages and they can be treated in the first stage, optionally with the addition of oxygen or air Exposure to temperatures in such a way that the mixture obtained still has a noticeable content of hydrocarbons, and in the second stage then brings about a complete reaction C, "H", 6% Co, .3 zo: o H., 3 ioo CH, 6 0'0 \ "are heated with about 100 kg of water vapor that has been superheated from outside to temperatures of (100 to 100, in Tubes made of stainless steel, consisting of activated Ni, with A1. = 0 .; A gas is produced with approximately the following composition: 14.5% CO ,,; S ob HJ, 4.6% CO, 0.2 0.10 CI-1 "2 .;% N =.

Claims (1)

PATRNTANSPRÜCFIr: i. Verfahren zur katalytischen Umsetzung von zweckmäßig gereinigten Kohlenwasserstoffen mittels Wasserdampf oder Kohlensäure in Kohlenoxyd-Wasserstoff-Gemische durch Kombination mehrerer zum Teil bekannter Maßnahmen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Gase über aktivierte Katalysatoren in länglichen Räumen leitet, deren Wände aus Edelstahl, insbesondere Chromnickelstahl, oder hochwertigen Nickellegierungen, wie Chromnickel, bestehen und die von außen auf Temperaturen unter iooo° erhitzt werden, -vorzugsweise mittels heißer Verbrennungsgase. z. Verfahren nach Anspruch i. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Verfahren derart in zwei Stufen ausführt; daß in der ersten Stufe ein Gemisch erhalten wird, das noch einen merklichen Gehalt an Kohlenwasserstoften besitzt.PATTERN CLAIM: i. Process for the catalytic conversion of expedient Purified hydrocarbons by means of steam or carbonic acid in carbon-oxide-hydrogen mixtures by combining several partly known measures, characterized in that that one passes the gases over activated catalysts in elongated spaces, their Walls made of stainless steel, in particular chrome-nickel steel, or high-quality nickel alloys, such as chromium-nickel, and which are heated from the outside to temperatures below 100 ° - preferably by means of hot combustion gases. z. Method according to claim i. characterized in that the method is carried out in two stages; that in the first stage a mixture is obtained which still has a noticeable content of hydrocarbons.
DE1927570026D 1927-06-28 1927-06-28 Process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons Expired DE570026C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE570026T 1927-06-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE570026C true DE570026C (en) 1933-02-10

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Family Applications (1)

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DE1927570026D Expired DE570026C (en) 1927-06-28 1927-06-28 Process for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE865504C (en) * 1950-02-25 1953-02-02 Didier Kogag Hinselmann Koksof Method and device for the thermal cracking of gases containing methane and similar hydrocarbons
DE1080981B (en) * 1954-02-19 1960-05-05 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process for the catalytic endothermic conversion of mixtures of hydrocarbons and water vapor
DE1145586B (en) * 1955-02-22 1963-03-21 Azote Office Nat Ind Process and device for the cyclical and catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons into hydrogen-containing gases
FR2496079A1 (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-06-18 Foster Wheeler Energy Corp REFORMING PROCESS AND INSTALLATION USING FINED HEATING PIPES

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE865504C (en) * 1950-02-25 1953-02-02 Didier Kogag Hinselmann Koksof Method and device for the thermal cracking of gases containing methane and similar hydrocarbons
DE1080981B (en) * 1954-02-19 1960-05-05 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process for the catalytic endothermic conversion of mixtures of hydrocarbons and water vapor
DE1145586B (en) * 1955-02-22 1963-03-21 Azote Office Nat Ind Process and device for the cyclical and catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons into hydrogen-containing gases
FR2496079A1 (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-06-18 Foster Wheeler Energy Corp REFORMING PROCESS AND INSTALLATION USING FINED HEATING PIPES

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