DE4342389A1 - Circuit for determining characteristics of solar modules - Google Patents

Circuit for determining characteristics of solar modules

Info

Publication number
DE4342389A1
DE4342389A1 DE4342389A DE4342389A DE4342389A1 DE 4342389 A1 DE4342389 A1 DE 4342389A1 DE 4342389 A DE4342389 A DE 4342389A DE 4342389 A DE4342389 A DE 4342389A DE 4342389 A1 DE4342389 A1 DE 4342389A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
module
circuit
solar modules
voltage
solar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE4342389A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Rainer Dipl Ing Rudischer
Guenter Dipl Ing Ulbrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut fuer Luft und Kaeltetechnik Gemeinnuetzige GmbH
Original Assignee
Institut fuer Luft und Kaeltetechnik Gemeinnuetzige GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut fuer Luft und Kaeltetechnik Gemeinnuetzige GmbH filed Critical Institut fuer Luft und Kaeltetechnik Gemeinnuetzige GmbH
Priority to DE4342389A priority Critical patent/DE4342389A1/en
Publication of DE4342389A1 publication Critical patent/DE4342389A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Landscapes

  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Individual Semiconductor Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The solar module (2) is connected to a parallel connected capacitor (3), a load resistance (4) almost representing a short circuit, a power FET (5) and a clocked control voltage source (6) with adjustable duty cycle. Measurement devices (7,8) suitable for conventionally measuring current and voltage are built into the circuit. For experimental purposes the individual solar modules can be connected via field selection switches. After connecting the selected module the FET is opened by the voltage source with a base frequency of 10 to 20 kHz. The duty cycle is increased in steps and the module voltage held constant depending on the base frequency and the size of the capacitor. The characteristic of the module is determined using current-voltage measurement and pref. recorded using a printer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Ermittlung der Kennlinien von Solarmodulen, insbesondere photovoltaische Solarmodule, am Einsatzort.The invention relates to the determination of the characteristic curves of solar modules, in particular photovoltaic solar modules, on site.

In Abhängigkeit von der Einstrahlung ermöglichen die Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinien von Solarmodulen die Abschätzung der Leistungsfähigkeit für unterschiedliche Betriebspunkte und die Bestimmung des sog. Maximum-Power-Point (MPP). Dieses sind wichtige Aussagen für die Dimensionierung der notwendigen Fläche eines Solarfeldes in einem bestimmten Anwendungspunkt und die Festlegung des Arbeitspunktes. Zweckmäßig ist die Kenntnis des Kennlinienfeldes von Solarmodulen auch für die kennfeldgesteuerte MPP-Regelung.Depending on the irradiation, the current-voltage characteristics enable of solar modules the assessment of the performance for different Operating points and the determination of the so-called maximum power point (MPP). This are important statements for the dimensioning of the necessary area of a Solar field in a certain application point and the determination of the Operating point. It is useful to know the characteristic field of Solar modules also for map-controlled MPP control.

Die Hersteller von Solarmodulen geben deren Wirkungsgrad oft nur für die sog. Normnennbedingungen an, so daß es für den Anwender kaum möglich ist, Erzeugnisse verschiedener Hersteller für abweichende Betriebsbedingungen zu vergleichen und für seinen konkreten Einsatzfall das Optimale einzusetzen.The manufacturers of solar modules often only give their efficiency for the so-called Standard conditions, so that it is hardly possible for the user Products from different manufacturers for different operating conditions compare and use the optimum for his specific application.

Die Kennlinienermittlung beim Hersteller von Solarmodulen erfolgt mit einer Kunstlichtquelle, die in ihrer Intensität veränderlich ist. Mit einem variablen Lastwiderstand wird eine Strom-Spannungs-Messung durchgeführt.The characteristic curve determination at the manufacturer of solar modules is done with a Artificial light source that is variable in intensity. With a variable A current-voltage measurement is carried out on the load resistor.

Die Kunstlichtquellen haben einen hohen Entwicklungsstand hinsichtlich Intensität und gleichmäßiger Strahlung. Für den Anwender von Solarmodulen sind diese Anlagen aufgrund ihrer Größe und des Preises nicht einsetzbar. Außerdem ist eine Kennlinienermittlung unter konkreten Einsatzbedingungen, z. B. auf Dächern, damit nicht möglich.Artificial light sources have a high level of development in terms of intensity and even radiation. These are for the user of solar modules Systems cannot be used due to their size and price. Besides, one is Determination of characteristic curves under specific operating conditions, e.g. B. on roofs, so not possible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein für den Anwender handhabbares Gerät zu schaffen, das für Freiflächentests von Solarmodulen einsetzbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a device that can be handled by the user create that can be used for open-space tests of solar modules.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche gelöst. Damit ist es möglich, eine Kennlinienbestimmung unter konkreten Einsatz- bzw. Einbaubedingungen vorzunehmen. Durch Kopplung mit einem handelsüblichen Datenlogger ist die Ermittlung der gewünschten Werte möglich. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerät ist transportabel und netzunabhängig.According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of the claims. This makes it possible to determine a characteristic curve under specific application or Installation conditions. By coupling with a commercially available Data logger can determine the desired values. The The device according to the invention is portable and network-independent.

An nachstehendem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiment below.

Die Abbildung zeigt die Schaltungsanordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The figure shows the circuit arrangement for carrying out the inventive method.

Zum Wirkungsgradvergleich werden die entsprechenden Solarmodule in eine Ebene montiert und dem natürlichen Tageslicht ausgesetzt. Bei klarem oder auch gleichmäßig bedecktem Himmel kann davon ausgegangen werden, daß für die nur wenige Minuten dauernde Messung eine konstante und gleichmäßige Einstrahlung vorhanden ist. Durch Kippen der Modulebene kann die effektive Einstrahlung verändert werden. Somit ist auch die Ermittlung sog. Kennlinienscharen möglich. To compare the efficiency, the corresponding solar modules are placed on one level mounted and exposed to natural daylight. If it is clear or too evenly overcast sky can be assumed that for the only measurement lasting a few minutes ensures constant and even radiation is available. Tilting the module level can reduce the effective radiation to be changed. This also enables the determination of so-called families of characteristic curves.  

Die Einstrahlungsmessung erfolgt z. B. mit einem Pyranometer. Für reine Vergleichsmessungen ist zur Überprüfung der Konstanz jedoch auch die Messung des Kurzschlußstromes einer beliebigen Fotodiode möglich.The radiation measurement is done e.g. B. with a pyranometer. For pure However, comparative measurements are also measurements to check consistency the short-circuit current of any photodiode possible.

Gemäß der Abbildung kann eine beliebige Anzahl Solarmodule 2 bzw. Solarmodulstrings parallel geschaltet sein, die über Feldauswahlschalter 1 wahlweise zu- bzw. abgeschaltet werden können. Parallel zu den Solarmodulen 2 ist ein Stützkondensator 3 zur Konstanthaltung der Spannung vorgesehen. In Reihe zu den Solarmodulen sind ein Lastwiderstand 4 und ein Leistungs-FET 5 mit einer Steuerspannungsquelle 6 geschaltet. Der Spannungsmesser 7 und der Strommesser 8 dienen zur Ermittlung der Kennlinien des jeweils zugeschalteten Solarmoduls 2 in dem durch Einstrahlung, Modultemperatur und Tastverhältnis bestimmten Arbeitspunkt. Mit einem nicht dargestellten x/y Schreiber können die Kennlinien direkt aufgezeichnet werden. Durch Variation des Tastverhältnisses kann das gesamte Kennlinienfeld durchlaufen werden.According to the illustration, any number of solar modules 2 or solar module strings can be connected in parallel, which can be switched on or off via field selection switch 1 . In parallel to the solar modules 2 , a backup capacitor 3 is provided to keep the voltage constant. A load resistor 4 and a power FET 5 with a control voltage source 6 are connected in series with the solar modules. The voltmeter 7 and the ammeter 8 are used to determine the characteristics of the solar module 2 that is switched on at the operating point determined by irradiation, module temperature and duty cycle. The characteristic curves can be recorded directly with an x / y recorder (not shown). The entire characteristic field can be run through by varying the duty cycle.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1 Feldwahlschalter
2 Solarmodul
3 Stützkondensator
4 Lastwiderstand
5 Leistungs-FET
6 Steuerspannungsquelle
7 Spannungsmesser
8 Strommesser. 1 field selector switch
2 solar modules
3 support capacitor
4 load resistance
5 power FET
6 control voltage source
7 voltmeters
8 ammeters.

Claims (5)

1. Schaltungsanordnung zur Ermittlung der Kennlinien von Solarmodulen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Solarmodule (2) mit einem parallel geschalteten Stützkondensator (3), einem Lastwiderstand (4), der so bemessen ist, daß er fast einen Kurzschluß darstellt, einem Leistungs-FET (5) und einer getakteten Steuerspannungsquelle (6) mit einstellbarem Tastverhältnis verbunden und daß zur Strom-Spannungs-Messung in an sich bekannter Weise geeignete Meßeinrichtungen (7 und 8) in die Schaltung eingebaut sind.1. Circuit arrangement for determining the characteristics of solar modules, characterized in that the solar modules ( 2 ) with a parallel capacitor ( 3 ), a load resistor ( 4 ), which is dimensioned so that it almost represents a short circuit, a power FET ( 5 ) and a clocked control voltage source ( 6 ) with an adjustable duty cycle and that suitable measuring devices ( 7 and 8 ) are built into the circuit for current-voltage measurement in a manner known per se. 2. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Versuchszwecke die einzelnen Solarmodule (2) über Feldwahlschalter (1) zuschaltbar sind.2. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual solar modules ( 2 ) can be connected via field selection switch ( 1 ) for experimental purposes. 3. Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kennlinien von Solarmodulen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach Zuschaltung des ausgewählten Solarmoduls (2) der Leistungs-FET (5) von der Steuerspannungsquelle (6) mit variablem Tastverhältnis bei einer Grundfrequenz von 10-20 kHz geöffnet und mit einer Prozeßsteuerung das Tastverhältnis schrittweise erhöht wird und daß über einen Kondensator (3) die Modulspannung in Abhängigkeit von der Grundfrequenz und der Größe des Kondensators (3) konstant gehalten wird und mittels Strom-Spannungs-Messung die Kennlinie des Moduls ermittelt und vorzugsweise über einen Schreiber dargestellt wird.3. A method for determining the characteristics of solar modules, characterized in that after connection of the selected solar module ( 2 ) the power FET ( 5 ) from the control voltage source ( 6 ) with a variable pulse duty factor at a basic frequency of 10-20 kHz and opened with a Process control, the pulse duty factor is gradually increased and that the module voltage is kept constant as a function of the fundamental frequency and the size of the capacitor ( 3 ) via a capacitor ( 3 ) and the characteristic curve of the module is determined by means of current-voltage measurement and is preferably represented by a recorder becomes. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tastverhältnis in ca. 20 Schritten von der Leerlaufspannung zum Kurzschlußstrom erhöht wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pulse duty factor in about 20 steps from the open circuit voltage to the short-circuit current. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf diese Weise sowohl Solarmodulstrings als auch komplette Solargeneratoren vermessen werden können.5. The method according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that on this Both solar module strings and complete solar generators can be measured.
DE4342389A 1993-12-11 1993-12-11 Circuit for determining characteristics of solar modules Ceased DE4342389A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4342389A DE4342389A1 (en) 1993-12-11 1993-12-11 Circuit for determining characteristics of solar modules

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4342389A DE4342389A1 (en) 1993-12-11 1993-12-11 Circuit for determining characteristics of solar modules

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DE4342389A1 true DE4342389A1 (en) 1995-06-14

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19909609C1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-21 Thomas Wunram Current source power characteristic measuring method e.g. for solar module, uses offset measurement of voltage across load capacitor and capacitor charging current
DE19836134B4 (en) * 1998-02-14 2004-04-22 Nicolaj Stache Device for collecting the characteristic data and for the user-specific optimization of solar cells
DE19720214B4 (en) * 1996-05-15 2004-08-05 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd., Puchon Power detection circuit
CN102043118A (en) * 2010-11-17 2011-05-04 嘉友联精密机械工程(无锡)有限公司 Detection device of solar module
WO2012041969A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives System for managing a photovoltaic device
FR2965626A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique System for managing photovoltaic device in junction box of photovoltaic module of photovoltaic installation, has switches and power supply forming switching unit to allow plotting of voltage evolution curve for diagnosis of device
DE102012018634A1 (en) 2012-09-23 2014-04-24 Wolf Goetze Method for determining current-voltage characteristic curve of voltage source e.g. photovoltaic cell, involves averaging mathematical combination of measurement values to eliminate measurement errors of first and second order
CN104716902A (en) * 2015-02-27 2015-06-17 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 Device and method for measuring maximum power of photovoltaic module and method for measuring generated energy
CN108333495A (en) * 2018-03-01 2018-07-27 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 A kind of bypass diode working state detecting method of photovoltaic component terminal box
CN113625078A (en) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-09 国网河南省电力公司技能培训中心 Method and system for identifying transition resistance in short-circuit fault of power system
DE102021130817A1 (en) 2021-11-24 2023-05-25 Wavelabs Solar Metrology Systems Gmbh Energy self-sufficient PV characteristic curve measurement

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19720214B4 (en) * 1996-05-15 2004-08-05 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd., Puchon Power detection circuit
DE19836134B4 (en) * 1998-02-14 2004-04-22 Nicolaj Stache Device for collecting the characteristic data and for the user-specific optimization of solar cells
DE19909609C1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-21 Thomas Wunram Current source power characteristic measuring method e.g. for solar module, uses offset measurement of voltage across load capacitor and capacitor charging current
WO2012041969A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives System for managing a photovoltaic device
FR2965626A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique System for managing photovoltaic device in junction box of photovoltaic module of photovoltaic installation, has switches and power supply forming switching unit to allow plotting of voltage evolution curve for diagnosis of device
CN102043118A (en) * 2010-11-17 2011-05-04 嘉友联精密机械工程(无锡)有限公司 Detection device of solar module
DE102012018634A1 (en) 2012-09-23 2014-04-24 Wolf Goetze Method for determining current-voltage characteristic curve of voltage source e.g. photovoltaic cell, involves averaging mathematical combination of measurement values to eliminate measurement errors of first and second order
CN104716902A (en) * 2015-02-27 2015-06-17 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 Device and method for measuring maximum power of photovoltaic module and method for measuring generated energy
CN104716902B (en) * 2015-02-27 2017-05-10 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 Device and method for measuring maximum power of photovoltaic module and method for measuring generated energy
CN108333495A (en) * 2018-03-01 2018-07-27 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 A kind of bypass diode working state detecting method of photovoltaic component terminal box
CN108333495B (en) * 2018-03-01 2020-11-03 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 Method for detecting working state of bypass diode of photovoltaic module junction box
CN113625078A (en) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-09 国网河南省电力公司技能培训中心 Method and system for identifying transition resistance in short-circuit fault of power system
DE102021130817A1 (en) 2021-11-24 2023-05-25 Wavelabs Solar Metrology Systems Gmbh Energy self-sufficient PV characteristic curve measurement

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