DE432167C - Process for the operation of electrical systems whose electricity-generating machines are driven by wind power - Google Patents
Process for the operation of electrical systems whose electricity-generating machines are driven by wind powerInfo
- Publication number
- DE432167C DE432167C DEC36129D DEC0036129D DE432167C DE 432167 C DE432167 C DE 432167C DE C36129 D DEC36129 D DE C36129D DE C0036129 D DEC0036129 D DE C0036129D DE 432167 C DE432167 C DE 432167C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- power
- wind
- machines
- driven
- electrical systems
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Betriebe von elektrischen Anlagen, deren stromerzeugende Maschinen durch Windkraft angetrieben werden. Die Elektrizitätszentralen können in zwei große Gruppen geteilt werden: in solche mit konstanter Spannung und veränderlicher Stromstärke und in solche mit konstanter Stromstärke und veränderlicher Spannung. Die erste Klasse ist die weitaus wichtigere und umfaßt beinahe die Gesamtheit aller bestehenden Zentralen einschließlich derer mit Windturbinenantrieb. Nun ist die von Windturbinen gelieferte Energie sehr starken Schwankungen ausgesetzt, da sie der dritten Potenz der Windgeschwindigkeit proportional ist. Um sie völlig auszunutzen, ist eine ganz außerordentlich anpassungsfähige Stromerzeugung und Kraftübertragung erforderlich. Dies führt auf ein drittes System von elektrischen Zentralen, nämlich solchen mit gleichzeitig veränderlicher Spannung und Stromstärke.Process for the operation of electrical systems, their electricity-generating Machines are powered by wind power. The electricity centers can can be divided into two broad groups: those of constant tension and those of variable tension Current strength and in those with constant current strength and variable voltage. The first class is by far the more important and includes almost all of them existing control centers including those with wind turbine drives. now is the Energy supplied by wind turbines is subject to very strong fluctuations, since it is proportional to the third power of the wind speed. To take full advantage of them is an extremely adaptable power generation and power transmission necessary. This leads to a third system of electrical centers, namely those with simultaneously variable voltage and amperage.
Betrachten wir eine Elektrizitätszentrale, beispielsweise für Gleichstrom, wobei der sämtlichen von ihr versorgten Verbrauchern (Motoren, elektrolytischen Apparaten, Dampfkesseln u. dgl.) gleichwertige Widerstand gleich R sein soll und zunächst als konstant angenommen wird. Wenn in einem gegebenen Augenblick der Wind eine Geschwindigkeit V hat und die von den Sammelschienen an das Netz abgegebene Spannung E ist, dann ist die in der Zentrale verfügbare Leistung worin K eine Konstante und I die Stärke des Hauptstroms bedeutet. Wenn sich Tl ändert und den Wert n V annimmt, so wird die verfügbare Leistung Hauptstrom I Die Spannung E muB also den Wert En und der ursprüngliche den Wert In 3 annehmen, da sonst nicht die ganze verfügbare Energie ausgenutzt wird. Wenn die Leistungsschwankung die Verbraucher des Netzes dazu veranlaßt hat, den Widerstand R zu ändern, um glatten Betrieb zu gewährleisten, dann wird das Gesetz der Änderung der Spannung und des Stromes ein anderes sein, es wird aber immer vorteilhaft sein, gleichzeitig beide Faktoren zu ändern.Let us consider an electricity center, for example for direct current, whereby the resistance of all consumers supplied by it (motors, electrolytic apparatus, steam boilers, etc.) should be equal to R and is initially assumed to be constant. If at a given moment the wind has a speed of V and the voltage supplied to the network by the busbars is E, then this is the power available in the control center where K is a constant and I is the strength of the main current. If Tl changes and assumes the value n V, the available power becomes the main current I. The voltage E must therefore have the value En and the original value In 3 , since otherwise not all of the available energy is used. If the fluctuation in power has caused the consumers of the network to change the resistance R in order to ensure smooth operation, then the law of change in voltage and current will be different, but it will always be advantageous to change both factors at the same time .
i -in Nun richtet sich der Wert der Spannung den Sammelschienen der Kraftzentrale, von der die im zu speisenden Netz vorhandene Leistung abhängt, lediglich nach der Erregung der Generatoren, deren Drehzahl für höchste Leistung wiederum von der Windgeschwindigkeit abhängt. Es wäre natürlich möglich, für jede Dynamomaschine, wenn deren mehrere vorgesehen sind, einen selbsttätigen, vom Wind beeinflußten Regler vorzusehen, der die jeweils günstigste Erregung einstellt, aber es ist vom Gesichtspunkt der Einfachheit der Stromgewinnung von größter Wichtigkeit, gleichartige Dynamomaschinen zu verwenden und deren sämtliche Feldkreise hintereinander oder in Parallelschaltung zu kuppeln. Der Erregerstromkreis enthält dann einen einzigen selbsttätigen Regler und wird von einer einzigen besonderen Dynamomaschine oder einer Sammlerbatterie - gespeist. i -in Now the value of the voltage on the busbars of the power station, on which the power available in the network to be fed depends, depends only on the excitation of the generators, the speed of which in turn depends on the wind speed for maximum power. It would of course be possible to provide an automatic, wind-influenced regulator for each dynamo machine, if several are provided, which sets the most favorable excitation in each case, but from the point of view of the simplicity of power generation it is of the greatest importance to use dynamo machines of the same type and their to couple all field circuits one behind the other or in parallel connection. The excitation circuit then contains a single automatic regulator and is fed by a single special dynamo machine or a collector battery.
Anderseits sind Schwankungen in der Periodenzahl über ein gewisses Ausmaß hinaus in neueren elektrischen Anlagen unzulässig, ausgenommen in einigen besonderen Fällen, wenn es sich z. B. lediglich um die Speisung von elektrisch beheizten Kesseln handelt. Es ist infolgedessen vorteilhaft, bei Verwendung von Antriebsmaschinen mit veränderlicher Drehzahl, wie z. B. Windturbinen, Gleichstrom zu wählen. Will man dabei die Energie auf eine gewisse Entfernung übertragen, dann müssen die Gleichstrommaschinen in Reihe geschaltet werden, um eine Kraftübertragung bei hoher Spannung zu erzielen. Schließlich gestattet die Anwendung von Gleichstrom, laufen Dynamomaschinen lassen und die Windturbinen auf die Dynamomaschinen auch als Motoren diese Weise in Gang zu setzen, falls das Drehmoment des Windes für das Anlassen nicht ausreicht.On the other hand, fluctuations in the number of periods are over a certain amount Extent not permitted in newer electrical systems, except in some special cases when it is z. B. only to the supply of electrically heated Boilers acts. It is therefore advantageous when using prime movers with variable speed, such as B. Wind turbines to choose direct current. Want If you transfer the energy over a certain distance, then the DC machines have to be connected in series to achieve high voltage power transmission. Finally, the use of direct current allows dynamo machines to run and the wind turbines on the dynamo machines also as motors going that way to be set if the torque of the wind is insufficient for starting.
Eine derartige Zentrale kann demnach nach dem beifolgenden Schema angeordnet werden: die Gleichstromgeneratoren GG mit Fremderregung, die in beliebiger Zahl vorgesehen und hintereinander geschaltet sind, speisen die Fernleitung LL. Diese Dynamomaschinen sind so bemessen, daß sie innerhalb weiter Grenzen mit verschiedener Spannung, Stromstärke und Leistung arheuen können, und ihr Erregerstrom rührt von einer unabhängigen Dynamomaschine C oder einer Sammlerbatterie B her, deren Spannung mittels selbsttätiger Regler A derart geregelt wird, daß sie gleichzeitig mit der ,Windgeschwindigkeit zu- und abnimmt. Die Anlage enthält natürlich alle erforderlichen zur Aufladung der Batterie B mittels der Dynamomaschine C. Die können hintereinander oder parallel geschaltet sein.Such a control center can therefore according to the following scheme are arranged: the DC generators GG with external excitation, which can be used in any Number provided and connected in series, feed the long-distance line LL. These dynamo machines are dimensioned so that they can be used within wide limits with different Voltage, amperage and power, and their excitation current comes from an independent dynamo C or a collector battery B whose voltage is controlled by means of automatic controller A so that it is simultaneously with the , Wind speed increases and decreases. The attachment naturally contains all the necessary to charge the battery B by means of the dynamo C. They can one after the other or be connected in parallel.
Es ist klar, daß unter diesen Verhältnissen die Spannung und Stromstärke des von den Dynamomaschinen GG erzeugten Stromes im gleichen Sinn schwanken wird, und daß eine derartige Anordnung nur dann richtig arbeiten kann, wenn entsprechend der jeweils von den Stromerzeugern abgegebenen Leistung mehr oder weniger Stromverbraucher am anderen Ende der Kraftübertragung in Benutzung genommen werden. Es besteht also ein wesentlicher Unterschied gegenüber den bestehenden Zentralen, bei denen im Gegenteil die Stromerzeugung nach dem Bedarf der Verbraucher geregelt wird.It is clear that under these conditions the voltage and current strength the current generated by the dynamo machines GG will fluctuate in the same sense, and that such an arrangement can only work properly if appropriately the power output by the power generators more or less power consumers be put into use at the other end of the power transmission. So it exists an essential difference compared to the existing control centers, on the contrary the electricity generation is regulated according to the needs of the consumer.
Widerstände mit Unterbrechern D gestatten, Strom in die Generatoren G hineinzusenden, um ihr Anlassen zu erleichtern; dieser Strom - wird entweder von der Dynamomaschine C oder der Batterie B geliefert.Resistors with breakers D allow current to flow into the generators To send G in to facilitate their starting; this stream - is either from the dynamo C or the battery B.
PATENT-ANSPRÜCHE:PATENT CLAIMS:
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR432167X | 1924-02-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE432167C true DE432167C (en) | 1926-07-29 |
Family
ID=8899413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEC36129D Expired DE432167C (en) | 1924-02-11 | 1925-01-31 | Process for the operation of electrical systems whose electricity-generating machines are driven by wind power |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE432167C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1209652B (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1966-01-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Power generation plant, which has a turbine and a generator with strongly fluctuating speed |
-
1925
- 1925-01-31 DE DEC36129D patent/DE432167C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1209652B (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1966-01-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Power generation plant, which has a turbine and a generator with strongly fluctuating speed |
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