DE4214259C1 - Gradient optic mfg. - rotates crucible with molten glass or plastics to disperse heavier mols evenly and radially outwards for refractive index change - Google Patents
Gradient optic mfg. - rotates crucible with molten glass or plastics to disperse heavier mols evenly and radially outwards for refractive index changeInfo
- Publication number
- DE4214259C1 DE4214259C1 DE19924214259 DE4214259A DE4214259C1 DE 4214259 C1 DE4214259 C1 DE 4214259C1 DE 19924214259 DE19924214259 DE 19924214259 DE 4214259 A DE4214259 A DE 4214259A DE 4214259 C1 DE4214259 C1 DE 4214259C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- crucible
- mols
- heavier
- mfg
- disperse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0087—Simple or compound lenses with index gradient
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
- B29C41/042—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould by rotating a mould around its axis of symmetry
- B29C41/045—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould by rotating a mould around its axis of symmetry the axis being placed vertically, e.g. spin casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00355—Production of simple or compound lenses with a refractive index gradient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/04—Other methods of shaping glass by centrifuging
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gradientenoptik.The invention relates to a method for producing a Gradient optics.
Unter Gadientenoptik sind hier und im folgenden optisch wirksame Bauteile aus Glas oder Kunststoff verstanden, deren Brechkraft über die Ausdehnung des Elemente nicht konstant ist sondern zunehmend oder abnehmend. Insbesondere sollen unter diesem Ausdruck planparallele Platten (vor zugsweise rund) verstanden werden, deren Brechkraft sich vom Zentrum in radialer Richtung nach außen ändert, so daß die Platte die optischen Eigenschaften einer Linse hat.Gadget optics are optical here and below understood effective components made of glass or plastic, their refractive power over the expansion of the element is not is constant but increasing or decreasing. In particular Under this expression, plane-parallel plates (before preferably round), the refractive power of which changes from the center in a radial direction to the outside, so that the plate has the optical properties of a lens.
Es sind bereits eine Reihe von Verfahren bekannt, um aus solchen optisch wirksamen Medien eine Gradientenoptik herzustellen. Nachstehend sind die meisten der gegenwärtig bekannten Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Gradientenoptik aufgeführt:A number of methods are known to get out such optically effective media have gradient optics to manufacture. Below are most of the present known method for generating gradient optics listed:
Diese Angaben sind so zu verstehen, daß z. B. beim Ionenaus tausch-Verfahren ein runder Glasstab von 20 mm Durchmesser einer Atmosphäre ausgesetzt wird, die im Zusammenwirken mit dem Glas einen Ionenaustausch derart bewirkt, daß sich die Brechzahl des Glasstabes vom Umfang her zum Mittelpunkt um 0,04 ändert, z. B. von 1,57 auff 1,53. Da die Eindringtiefe, wie angegeben, 10 mm beträgt, ist die ursprüngliche Brech kraft von 1,57 nur noch im Mittelpunkt vorhanden. Schneidet man von diesem Glasstab eine Scheibe ab, so erhält man eine Linse mit diesem Brechkraftverlauf. Ist die Scheibe dicker als 20 mm so verbleibt in der Mitte eine planparallele Zone konstanter Brechkraft. This information is to be understood such that, for. B. when ion out exchange process a round glass rod with a diameter of 20 mm exposed to an atmosphere that works together causes an ion exchange with the glass in such a way that the refractive index of the glass rod from the circumference to the center changes by 0.04, e.g. B. from 1.57 to 1.53. Since the depth of penetration, as stated, 10 mm is the original crushing force of 1.57 only available in the center. Cuts if you remove a pane from this glass rod, you get one Lens with this refractive power curve. Is the slice thicker? than 20 mm, a plane-parallel zone remains in the middle constant refractive power.
Wie aber aus der Tabelle hervorgeht, liegen die erreichbaren Brechzahländerungswerte bei allen Verfahren in einer Größen ordnung, die eine kommerzielle Nutzung ausschließt.However, as can be seen from the table, the achievable are Refractive index change values in all processes in one size regulation that excludes commercial use.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur wirtschaftlichen Herstellung einer solchen Gradientenoptik anzugeben, mit dem Brechzahländerungen erreichbar sind, die eine Anwendung einer solchen Gradientenoptik in der Praxis ermöglicht.The invention is therefore based on the object of a method for the economical production of such gradient optics specify with which changes in refractive index can be achieved, the enables such gradient optics to be used in practice.
Diese Aufgabe ist durch ein Verfahren gelöst, das die im Anspruch angegebenen Verfahrensschritte umfaßt.This problem is solved by a method that the in Claim specified process steps includes.
Gemäß dem Anspruch besteht der allgemeine Lösungsweg des Ver fahrens darin, ein aus verschieden schweren molekularen Bestandteilen homogen gemischtes, optisch wirksames Ausgangs material aus Glas oder Kunststoff zu verwenden und dieses Material in flüssigen Zustand zu versetzen und in diesem Zustand zu rotieren. Dabei werden die schwereren Moleküle der homogenen Mischung durch die Fliehkraft nach außen gezogen, so daß eine Entmischung des Ausgangsmaterials eintritt. Dies hat dann zur Folge, daß sich die Brechkraft innerhalb des Materials ändert. In welcher Weise diese Änderung erfolgt ist von dem Ausgangsmaterial abhängig, ferner von der Rota tionsgeschwindigkeit, sowie von der Rotationsdauer. Im allgemeinen wird die erzielte Brechkraftänderung durch die Viskosität, die Zentrifugalkraft und die chemische Zusammen setzung des Materials bestimmt.According to the claim, the general approach of Ver driving in it, one of different molecular weights Ingredients homogeneously mixed, optically effective output material of glass or plastic to use and this Put material in liquid state and in it State to rotate. The heavier molecules the homogeneous mixture is pulled outwards by centrifugal force, so that separation of the starting material occurs. This then has the consequence that the refractive power within the Material changes. How this change is made depends on the starting material, also on the Rota tion speed, as well as the duration of rotation. In general, the change in refractive power is achieved by the Viscosity, centrifugal force and the chemical combination setting of the material determined.
In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung in einem Ausführungsbei spiel dargestellt. Es zeigtIn the drawing, the invention is in one embodiment game shown. It shows
Fig. 1 schematisch einen Schmelztiegel mit dem optisch wirksamen Medium in Rotation, Fig. 1 shows schematically a crucible with the optically active medium in rotation,
Fig. 2 schematisch ein Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik, Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a method according to the prior art,
Fig. 3 u. 4 schematisch eine außeraxiale Anordnung des optisch wirksamen Mediums in Rotation. Fig. 3 u. 4 schematically shows an off-axis arrangement of the optically active medium in rotation.
In Fig. 2 ist mit 1 ein Glasstab bezeichnet, der einen diesem Glas eigenen speziellen Brechungsindex besitzt. Der Stab ist in einer chemisch wirksamen Atmosphäre gezeigt, die einen Ionenaustausch zwischen den Glasmolekülen bzw. deren Atome und den Atomen der umgebenden Atmosphäre bewirkt.In FIG. 2, 1 denotes a glass rod which has a special refractive index which is unique to this glass. The rod is shown in a chemically active atmosphere, which causes an ion exchange between the glass molecules or their atoms and the atoms of the surrounding atmosphere.
Dadurch ergibt sich in dem Glas die in der Tabelle angegebene Brechkraftänderung vom Rande in radialer Richtung zur Mitten achse des Stabes hin. Dies entspricht, wie gesagt, einem Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik.This results in the glass given in the table Change in refractive power from the edge in a radial direction to the center axis of the rod. As I said, this corresponds to one State of the art method.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfundenen Verfahrens. In der Figur ist mit 2 ein beheizbarer Schmelz tiegel bezeichnet, der mit einem ebenfalls beheizbaren Deckel 3 abgedeckt ist. In diesem Schmelztiegel befindet sich das Ausgangsmaterial 4, das in dem Tiegel bis in den flüssigen Aggregatszustand erhitzt wird. Fig. 1 shows a device for carrying out the invented method. In the figure, a heatable crucible is designated by 2 , which is covered with a cover 3, which is also heatable. In this crucible is the starting material 4 , which is heated in the crucible to the liquid state.
Wird der Tiegel dann in eine durch den Pfeil angedeutete Rotation versetzt, so wandern die schwereren Moleküle des Ausgangsmaterials radial nach außen.The crucible is then turned into one indicated by the arrow Rotation offset, so the heavier molecules of the Starting material radially outwards.
Wird dann in einer Abkühlungsphase der Tiegel weiter in Ro tation gehalten, bis das Material wieder erstarrt ist, so verbleiben die schwereren Moleküle in erhöhter Dichte in der Randzone, was zu dem angegebenen Brechkraftänderungs- Verlauf innerhalb der gewonnenen planparallelen Platte führt.If the crucible continues to cool in Ro held until the material has solidified again, the heavier molecules remain in increased density in the peripheral zone, resulting in the refractive Leads within the plane-parallel plate obtained.
In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist dargestellt, daß das Ausgangsmaterial auch in Tiegeln geschmolzen werden kann, die außerhalb der Rotationsachse angeordnet sind. Fig. 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine derartige Anordnung, während Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch dieselbe entlang der angegebenen Schnittlinie darstellt. In FIGS. 3 and 4 it is shown that the starting material may also be melted in crucibles that are located outside the rotation axis. Fig. 3 shows a plan view of such an arrangement, while Fig. 4 shows a section through the same along the indicated cutting line.
In den Figuren ist mit 5 eine beheizbare Platte bezeichnet, in welche vier Schmelztiegel eingearbeitet sind. Ein Deckel 6 deckt die Tiegel ab.In the figures, 5 denotes a heatable plate in which four crucibles are incorporated. A cover 6 covers the crucibles.
Wenn das Ausgangsmaterial 4 in den einzelnen Tiegeln bis in den flüssigen Zustand erhitzt ist, wird die Platte 5 um die Achse 7 in Rotation versetzt. Dabei streben in den einzelnen Tiegeln im Ausgangsmaterial die schwereren Moleküle radial nach außen. Man erhält dabei Sektoren, Rechtecke oder dgl. (je nach Form der einzelnen Tiegel) in denen der Brechungsindex sich von der einen Seite zur anderen stetig ändert. Derartige optische Bauelemente können als Verlauffilter, Graukeile oder dgl. verwendet werden.When the starting material 4 is heated to the liquid state in the individual crucibles, the plate 5 is set in rotation about the axis 7 . In the individual crucibles in the starting material, the heavier molecules strive radially outwards. Sectors, rectangles or the like are obtained (depending on the shape of the individual crucibles) in which the refractive index changes continuously from one side to the other. Such optical components can be used as gradient filters, gray wedges or the like.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924214259 DE4214259C1 (en) | 1992-05-02 | 1992-05-02 | Gradient optic mfg. - rotates crucible with molten glass or plastics to disperse heavier mols evenly and radially outwards for refractive index change |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924214259 DE4214259C1 (en) | 1992-05-02 | 1992-05-02 | Gradient optic mfg. - rotates crucible with molten glass or plastics to disperse heavier mols evenly and radially outwards for refractive index change |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4214259C1 true DE4214259C1 (en) | 1993-07-15 |
Family
ID=6457846
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19924214259 Expired - Fee Related DE4214259C1 (en) | 1992-05-02 | 1992-05-02 | Gradient optic mfg. - rotates crucible with molten glass or plastics to disperse heavier mols evenly and radially outwards for refractive index change |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4214259C1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0658418A1 (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-06-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Gradial zone lens and method of fabrication |
DE19526928A1 (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-01-30 | Guenter Graefe | Optical gradient elements made from glass or plastic by spin casting - in process separating materials of differing molecular weight to produce a refractive index gradient along any required axis to make lightweight lenses or prisms for optical systems |
NL1002317C2 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-14 | Univ Eindhoven Tech | A method of manufacturing optical rod-shaped polymeric moldings having a gradient for the refractive index, moldings obtained by this method and optical lens and optical fiber using them. |
US6984345B2 (en) | 2001-07-18 | 2006-01-10 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Cavity-preventing type reactor and a method for fabricating a preform for a plastic optical fiber using the same |
DE102009033984A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2011-02-03 | Fachhochschule Jena | Producing glass with defined inhomogeneous optical properties, comprises preparing a mixture of different components, which differ with regard to their impact on glass properties, and exposing the mixture to the effect of forces |
-
1992
- 1992-05-02 DE DE19924214259 patent/DE4214259C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
NICHTS ERMITTELT * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0658418A1 (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-06-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Gradial zone lens and method of fabrication |
DE19526928A1 (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-01-30 | Guenter Graefe | Optical gradient elements made from glass or plastic by spin casting - in process separating materials of differing molecular weight to produce a refractive index gradient along any required axis to make lightweight lenses or prisms for optical systems |
NL1002317C2 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-14 | Univ Eindhoven Tech | A method of manufacturing optical rod-shaped polymeric moldings having a gradient for the refractive index, moldings obtained by this method and optical lens and optical fiber using them. |
WO1997029903A1 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-21 | Technische Universiteit Eindhoven | Method for producing an optical rod-shaped graded-index polymer preform, preform obtained in accordance with this method and optical lens and optical fibre obtained by using same |
US6984345B2 (en) | 2001-07-18 | 2006-01-10 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Cavity-preventing type reactor and a method for fabricating a preform for a plastic optical fiber using the same |
DE102009033984A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2011-02-03 | Fachhochschule Jena | Producing glass with defined inhomogeneous optical properties, comprises preparing a mixture of different components, which differ with regard to their impact on glass properties, and exposing the mixture to the effect of forces |
DE102009033984B4 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2013-05-16 | Fachhochschule Jena | Process for producing glass with defined inhomogeneous optical properties |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8100 | Publication of the examined application without publication of unexamined application | ||
D1 | Grant (no unexamined application published) patent law 81 | ||
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: GRAEFE, GUENTER, 07774 CAMBURG, DE |
|
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |