DE4129567A1 - Ion exchanger membrane arrangement - has intermediate reaction chamber to improve sepn. and permselectivity - Google Patents
Ion exchanger membrane arrangement - has intermediate reaction chamber to improve sepn. and permselectivityInfo
- Publication number
- DE4129567A1 DE4129567A1 DE4129567A DE4129567A DE4129567A1 DE 4129567 A1 DE4129567 A1 DE 4129567A1 DE 4129567 A DE4129567 A DE 4129567A DE 4129567 A DE4129567 A DE 4129567A DE 4129567 A1 DE4129567 A1 DE 4129567A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- permselectivity
- membrane
- sepn
- reaction chamber
- membranes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/425—Electro-ultrafiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
- B01D61/026—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration comprising multiple reverse osmosis steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
- B01D61/146—Ultrafiltration comprising multiple ultrafiltration steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Verbesserung der Trennwirkung und der Permselektivität von Ionenaustauschermembranen und anderer permselektiver Membranen. Ionenaustauschermembranen spielen in der Technik zur spezifischen Abtrennung bestimmter Wertstoffe eine immer wichtiger werdende Rolle. So werden Ionenaustauschermembranen zur Meerwasserentsalzung, Chlor-Alkali-Elektrolyse, zur Elektrodialyse, elektrophoretische Ultrafiltration, zur Metallraffination, bei der Arzneimittelreinigung und allgemein zur Raffination von chemischen Stoffen, als auch für Membranen von chemischen Sensoren aller Art und bei der Batterieherstellung verwendet. Dabei liegt das Intresse der Entwicklungstätigkeiten auf der Entwicklung hochpermselektiver Membranen. Doch stellt sich oft die Problematik, daß bei hoher Permselektivität der Widerstand erheblich erhöht wird, oder daß die mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere die Duktilität und die Zerreißbeständigkeit, als auch die Beständigkeit gegenüber der Elektrolyten sehr ungünstig beeinflußt werden. Bei vielen Anwendungsfällen ionenselektiver Membranen ist es aber von eminenter Bedeutung, daß nur ein spezifischer Stoff oder eine spezifische Stoffklasse die Membran durchdringt, andere störende Stoffe aber auf alle Fälle zurückgehalten werden müssen. Diese 100%ige Barrierewirkung kann aber heute durch keine der verwendeten Membrantypen, wobei hier auch Sandwich- und Compositmembranen zum Einsatz kommen, gewährleistet werden, wobei sie aber schon beträchtliche Selektionsfähigkeiten aufweisen.The invention relates to a method and a device for Improvement of the separation effect and the permselectivity of Ion exchange membranes and other permselective membranes. Ion exchange membranes play a specific role in technology The separation of certain recyclables is becoming increasingly important Role. So ion exchange membranes become Sea water desalination, chlor-alkali electrolysis, for Electrodialysis, electrophoretic ultrafiltration, for Metal refining, pharmaceutical cleaning and general for refining chemical substances, as well as for membranes from chemical sensors of all kinds and in battery manufacture used. Thereby lies the interest of the development activities on the development of highly permeable membranes. But it turns out often the problem that with high permselectivity Resistance is increased significantly, or that the mechanical and chemical properties, especially ductility and Tear resistance, as well as resistance to the Electrolytes are adversely affected. With many Applications of ion-selective membranes are from eminently important that only a specific substance or specific class of substance penetrates the membrane, other disruptive However, substances must be retained in any case. These However, none of the membrane types used, sandwich and Composite membranes are used, guaranteed but they already have considerable selection skills.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt so die Aufgabe zugrunde ein einfaches Verfahren zu Verfügung zu stellen, daß es erlaubt, trotz der teilweise nicht 100%igen Permselektivität der verfügbaren und kommerziell erhältlichen Membransysteme, unter Nutzung der positiven chemischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften, eine quasi 100%ige Barriere für störende Stoffkomponenten aufzubauen, ohne die Durchlässigkeit für die zu überführende Stoffkomponente erheblich zu verringern und die mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Membranen nicht zu verschlechtern. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Trennwirkung und der Permselektivität durch die Verwendung eines Membransystems, in dem zwei oder mehrere Membranen so angeordnet werden, daß ein weiterer Zwischenraum oder mehrere Zwischenräume zwischen den Reaktionsräumen geschaffen werden, in denen die störenden Stoffe, die trotz einer hohen Selektivität der Membranen die Barriere durchdringen ein Immobilisierungsschritt, das heißt einer Behandlung ausgesetzt werden, daß die zweite oder eine weitere Membran nicht durchdrungen werden kann. Der Immobilisierungsschritt ist der vorliegenden Problemstellung anzupassen. Soll z. B. wie bei dem Eisen-Chrom-Redoxionen-Speicher durch die Membran Eisenionen zurückgehalten werden, so kann im Zwischenraum ein Komplexbildner verwendet werden, der die restlichen Eisenionen zu neutralen Molekülen komplexiert und dadurch für eine weitere Membran durch den Ladungsverlust und durch die sterische Hinderung der Liganden, undurchlässig wird. Bei der Metallraffination können die störenden Kationen, die zu einem geringen Teil die erste Membran durchdringen, leicht gefällt werden, da sie in dem Zwischenraum nun nur in geringen Konzentrationen vorkommen und so der Chemikalienbedarf sehr gering bleibt. Bei ionensensitiven Elektroden spielt natürlich die Spezifität der Membran eine entscheidende Rolle. Hier ist aus Gründen der Vielfalt der störenden Ionen naturgemäß die Anwendung eines Multimembransystems angezeigt, wobei die verschiedenen Ionensorten in den unterschiedlichen Zwischenräumen immobilisiert werden müssen.The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide simple procedure that allows, despite the partially not 100% permselectivity of the available and commercially available membrane systems using the positive chemical and mechanical properties, a quasi Build 100% barrier for disruptive components without the permeability for the material component to be transferred significantly reduce and the mechanical and chemical Properties of the membranes do not deteriorate. object the invention is thus a method for improving the Separation effect and permselectivity by using a Membrane system in which two or more membranes are arranged be that another space or spaces be created between the reaction spaces in which the interfering substances despite the high selectivity of the membranes the barrier penetrate an immobilization step, that is be subjected to treatment that the second or one further membrane cannot be penetrated. The Immobilization step is the problem at hand adapt. Should z. B. as in the iron-chromium-redox ion storage iron ions are retained by the membrane, so in Intermediate space can be used to form a complexing agent remaining iron ions complexed into neutral molecules and thereby for another membrane due to the charge loss and due to the steric hindrance of the ligands. In metal refining, the annoying cations that can penetrate a small part of the first membrane, easily precipitated as they are now in the gap only in small amounts Concentrations occur and so the need for chemicals is very low remains. With ion-sensitive electrodes, of course, that plays Specificity of the membrane plays a crucial role. Here is out Due to the diversity of the interfering ions, the application naturally of a multi-membrane system, the different Ion types immobilized in the different gaps Need to become.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend an einem einfachen Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Die Darstellung in Figur l ist stark vereinfacht und nicht maßstäblich gehalten. Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Zellaufbau 1. Die Durchtrittsaufgabe besteht darin, daß ein Salzgemisch AK1 2 und AK2 3 durch Elektromikration mit Hilfe zweier Elektroden der Kathode 4 und der Anode 5 und einer permselektiven Membran 8 derart durchgeführt wird, daß von dem Reaktionsraum 6 nur die Kationen K1 3 in den Reaktionsraum 7 gelangen. Die Membrananordnung 8 ist nun derart gestaltet, daß sie einen Zwischenraum 9 aufweist, in dem die Reaktionskomponente R 10 enthalten ist, die mit dem anderen Kation K2 2, welches von der Membran zurückgehalten werden soll ein abtrennbares Reaktionsprodukt RK2 11 bildet. Dieses Produkt kann durch ein Trennsystem 12 leicht aus dem Zwischenraum entfernt werden.The invention is explained in more detail below using a simple exemplary embodiment. The illustration in FIG. 1 is greatly simplified and is not kept to scale. Fig. 1 shows a cross section through the cell structure 1. The passage task is that a salt mixture AK 1 2 and AK 2 3 is carried out by electromicration with the aid of two electrodes of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 and a permselective membrane 8 such that only the cations K 1 3 in the reaction chamber 6 Reach reaction chamber 7 . The membrane arrangement 8 is now designed in such a way that it has an intermediate space 9 in which the reaction component R 10 is contained, which together with the other cation K 2 2, which is to be retained by the membrane, forms a separable reaction product RK 2 11. This product can be easily removed from the intermediate space by a separation system 12 .
Am folgenden Beispiel soll nun ein Anwendungsfall dargestellt werden. Bei Eisen-Chrom-Redoxionenspeicher sollen durch eine Anionenaustauschermembran der chromionenhaltige Reaktionsraum vom eisenhaltigen Reaktionsraum derart getrennt werden, daß nur Chloridionen die Barriere durchdringen können. Doch bilden sich durch die hohe Chloridionenkonzentration FeCL4 -, die zu einem geringen %-Satz die Membran als Anion durchdringen können. Dadurch gelangen Eisenionen in den chromhaltigen Reaktionsraum, wodurch es zur Selbstentladung der Batterie kommt. Werden nun in dem Membranzwischenraum starke Komplexbildner mit in den Elektrolyten eingeführt, z. B. Rhodanitionen oder Chelatbildner, so kann das FeCl4 - Anion zu einem neutralen Fe(SCN)3 Komplexverbindung umgesetzt werden, die nun durch die zweite Membran sicher zurückgehalten wird. Hier wird wegen der geringen Eisenmenge vorzugsweise der komplette Zwischenelektrolyt von Zeit zu Zeit ausgewechselt.The following example shows an application. In the case of iron-chromium redox ion storage, the reaction space containing chromium ions should be separated from the iron-containing reaction space by an anion exchange membrane in such a way that only chloride ions can penetrate the barrier. However, due to the high chloride ion concentration, FeCL 4 - is formed , which can penetrate the membrane as an anion to a small percentage. As a result, iron ions enter the chrome-containing reaction space, causing the battery to self-discharge. If strong complexing agents are now introduced into the electrolyte, e.g. B. Rhodanitionen or chelating agents, the FeCl 4 may - 3 anion complex compound are reacted to form a neutral Fe (SCN) which will be securely retained by the second diaphragm. Because of the small amount of iron, the entire intermediate electrolyte is preferably replaced here from time to time.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4129567A DE4129567A1 (en) | 1991-09-06 | 1991-09-06 | Ion exchanger membrane arrangement - has intermediate reaction chamber to improve sepn. and permselectivity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4129567A DE4129567A1 (en) | 1991-09-06 | 1991-09-06 | Ion exchanger membrane arrangement - has intermediate reaction chamber to improve sepn. and permselectivity |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4129567A1 true DE4129567A1 (en) | 1993-03-11 |
Family
ID=6439942
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE4129567A Withdrawn DE4129567A1 (en) | 1991-09-06 | 1991-09-06 | Ion exchanger membrane arrangement - has intermediate reaction chamber to improve sepn. and permselectivity |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4129567A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994009526A1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-28 | National Power Plc | Electrochemical apparatus for energy storage and/or power delivery comprising multi-compartment cells |
WO1996011050A1 (en) * | 1994-10-08 | 1996-04-18 | Patrick Raetzo | Water purification by extraction using mobile liquid membranes |
-
1991
- 1991-09-06 DE DE4129567A patent/DE4129567A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994009526A1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-28 | National Power Plc | Electrochemical apparatus for energy storage and/or power delivery comprising multi-compartment cells |
US5496659A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1996-03-05 | National Power Plc | Electrochemical apparatus for energy storage and/or power delivery comprising multi-compartment cells |
WO1996011050A1 (en) * | 1994-10-08 | 1996-04-18 | Patrick Raetzo | Water purification by extraction using mobile liquid membranes |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |