DE4107109C1 - Environmentally friendly purificn. of crude gas - by cooling to contain condensate, sepg. condensate and evaporating to obtain saline soln. which is combusted and condensate stream which is added to pure gas - Google Patents

Environmentally friendly purificn. of crude gas - by cooling to contain condensate, sepg. condensate and evaporating to obtain saline soln. which is combusted and condensate stream which is added to pure gas

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DE4107109C1
DE4107109C1 DE19914107109 DE4107109A DE4107109C1 DE 4107109 C1 DE4107109 C1 DE 4107109C1 DE 19914107109 DE19914107109 DE 19914107109 DE 4107109 A DE4107109 A DE 4107109A DE 4107109 C1 DE4107109 C1 DE 4107109C1
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condensate
gas
line
cde
purified
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Helmut Dr. 6078 Neu-Isenburg De Vierrath
Claus 6000 Frankfurt De Greil
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Lurgi Clean Coal Technology Pty Ltd
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F01K21/047—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
    • F02C3/28—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/169—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with water treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

Abstract

Solid fuels are gasified (A) in a known manner using O2 and steam with (B) the crude gas (CG) obtd. being cooled to 20-220 deg. C to obtain a condensate (CDE) rich in water, (C) sepg. this CDE and evaporating at least part of the CDE to obtain a CDE steam and a saline soln. and (D) combusting the saline soln. and adding at least part of the CDE steam to the purified CG. The CDE is pref. formed from virtually all NH3 before evapn.. At least part of the CDE steam is condensed and then contacted directly with the purified CG, Air is sepd. into an O2-rich steam which is fed to the gasification step and an N2-rich steam, which is added to the purified CG. ADVANTAGE - An environmentally friendly purificn. process for the CG leaving very little waste for disposal and virtually no waste water.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe bei einem Druck im Bereich von 10 bis 100 bar mit Sauerstoff und Wasserdampf enthaltenden Vergasungsmitteln zur Erzeugung eines Rohgases, das gereinigt, mit Wasserdampf angereichert, verbrannt und durch eine Gasturbine geleitet wird.The invention relates to a method for gasification solid Fuels at a pressure in the range of 10 to 100 bar containing oxygen and water vapor Gasification agents for producing a raw gas, the cleaned, enriched with water vapor, burned and through a gas turbine is routed.

Ein solches Verfahren ist im deutschen Patent 20 05 656 und im dazu korrespondierenden US-Patent 37 31 485 beschrieben. Hierbei nutzt man Abwärme zum Erwärmen des Wassers, mit welchem das Rohgas vor dem Eintritt in die Brennkammer der Gasturbine gerenigt wird. Gleichzeitig erreicht man eine weitgehende Sättigung dieses Rohgases mit Wasserdampf.Such a method is in German Patent 20 05 656 and in the corresponding US Patent 37 31 485 described. This uses waste heat to heat the water, with which the raw gas before entering the combustion chamber of Gas turbine is fermented. At the same time you reach one extensive saturation of this raw gas with water vapor.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das bekannte Verfahren weiterzuentwickeln und dafür zu sorgen, daß die Reinigung des Rohgases umweltschonend erfolgt, nur geringe Mengen an Abfallstoffen zu entsorgen sind und möglichst kein Abwasser anfällt. Erfindungsgemäß gelingt dies beim eingangs genannten Verfahren dadurch, daß man aus der Vergasung kommende Rohgas auf Temperaturen von 20 bis 220°C kühlt, wobei ein wasserreiches Kondensat entsteht, das man abtrennt, daß man mindestens einen Teil des Kondensats verdampft und getrennt einen Kondensatdampf und eine salzhaltige Sole abzieht, daß man die salzhaltige Sole verbrennt und daß man den Kondensatdampf mindestens teilweise dem gereinigten Rohgas zugibt.The invention is based on the object, the well-known Further develop the procedure and ensure that the Cleaning the raw gas is environmentally friendly, only small Quantities of waste materials are to be disposed of and if possible no Wastewater accumulates. According to the invention, this succeeds at the beginning mentioned method in that one from the gasification cool incoming gas to temperatures of 20 to 220 ° C, whereby a water-rich condensate is formed, which one separates, that at least a part of the condensate vaporized and separated a condensate vapor and a salty brine withdraws that one the saline brine burns and that the condensate vapor at least partially added to the purified crude gas.

Bei diesem Verfahren wird das aus der Kühlung des Rohgases kommende Kondensat, das vor allem störende Mengen an Salzen und insbesondere Chloriden enthält, auf apparativ einfache Weise so behandelt, daß nur ein wasserarmes Salzgemisch übrigbleibt. Der Wasseranteil dieses Kondensats wird größtenteils zum Aufsättigen des Rohgases mit Wasserdampf genutzt, wodurch man den Volumenstrom des der Turbine zugeführten Gases in erwünschter Weise vergrößert und gleichzeitig die NOx-Bildung unterdrückt.In this method, the condensate coming from the cooling of the raw gas, which contains above all troublesome amounts of salts and in particular chlorides, treated in a simple apparatus so that only a low-water salt mixture remains. The water content of this condensate is largely used to saturate the raw gas with water vapor, thereby increasing the volume flow of the gas supplied to the turbine in a desired manner and at the same time suppresses the formation of NO x .

Der Teilstrom des Kondensats, den man zurück in die Vergasung leitet, verringert die Menge an frischem Wasserdampf, die man der Vergasung als Vergasungsmittel zuführt.The partial flow of the condensate, which you back into the Gasification directs, reduces the amount of fresh Water vapor, which one of the gasification as gasification agent supplies.

Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens werden mit Hilfe der Zeichnung erläutert.Possibilities of design of the procedure are with help explained the drawing.

Dem Vergasungsreaktor (1) gibt man durch die Leitung (2) Kohle oder einen anderen festen Brennstoff auf. Wasserdampf führt man in der Leitung (3) heran und Sauerstoff tritt durch die Leitung (4) in den Reaktor (1) ein. An Stelle von Sauerstoff kann auch Luft oder die Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft verwendet werden. Asche oder Schlacke zieht man in der Leitung (5) ab. Die Vergasung im Reaktor (1) erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise, z. B. im Festbett, in der Wirbelschicht, in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht oder im Flugstrom. Der Druck im Reaktor (1) liegt im Bereich von 10 bis 100 bar.The gasification reactor ( 1 ) is added through the line ( 2 ) coal or other solid fuel. Water vapor is introduced in the line ( 3 ) and oxygen enters the reactor ( 1 ) through the line ( 4 ). Instead of oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air can also be used. Ash or slag is drawn off in line ( 5 ). The gasification in the reactor ( 1 ) takes place in a conventional manner, for. B. in a fixed bed, in the fluidized bed, in the circulating fluidized bed or in the air flow. The pressure in the reactor ( 1 ) is in the range of 10 to 100 bar.

Das erzeugte, Feststoffe enthaltende Rohgas verläßt den Reaktor (1) in der Leitung (7) und wird zunächst einer Entstaubungseinrichtung (8) zugeführt, bei der es sich z. B. um einen oder mehrere Zyklone handeln kann. Abgetrennte Feststoffe verlassen die Entstaubungseinrichtung (8) durch die Leitung (9) und können ganz oder teilweise, sofern ihr Kohlenstoffgehalt groß genug ist, in den Reaktor (1) zurückgeleitet werden. Aus der Entstaubungseinrichtung (8) strömt das Rohgas in der Leitung (11) ab und wird in einem Kühler (12) auf Temperaturen von 20 bis 220°C gekühlt. Dadurch entsteht ein wasserreiches Kondensat, welches man in der Leitung (13) abzieht. The generated, raw material-containing crude gas leaves the reactor ( 1 ) in the line ( 7 ) and is first fed to a dedusting device ( 8 ), in which it is z. B. may be one or more cyclones. Separated solids leave the de-dusting device ( 8 ) through the line ( 9 ) and can be wholly or partially, if their carbon content is high enough, returned to the reactor ( 1 ). From the dedusting device ( 8 ), the raw gas flows in the line ( 11 ) and is cooled in a cooler ( 12 ) to temperatures of 20 to 220 ° C. This creates a water-rich condensate, which is deducted in the line ( 13 ).

Durch die Leitung (14) gibt man das Rohgas einer Reinigungsanlage (15) auf, in welcher das Gas entstaubt und entschwefelt wird. Die Entstaubung kann z. B. durch eine Wasserwäsche erfolgen, wobei man das Waschwasser teilweise im Kreislauf führt und den Rest des gebrauchten Waschwassers in der Leitung (16) dem Kondensat der Leitung (13) zumischt. Die Entschwefelung kann in der Anlage (15) ebenfalls nach bekannten Methoden erfolgen, z. B. durch eine N-Methylpyrrolidon enthaltende Waschlösung. Hierbei entsteht ein H₂S-reiches Abgas, das man in der Leitung (17) entfernen und einer Claus-Anlage zuführen kann.Through the line ( 14 ) is the raw gas to a cleaning system ( 15 ), in which the gas is dedusted and desulfurized. The dedusting can z. B. by a water wash, wherein the washing water is partially recycled and the remainder of the used wash water in the line ( 16 ) the condensate of the line ( 13 ) admixed. The desulfurization can also be done in the system ( 15 ) by known methods, eg. B. by a N-methylpyrrolidone-containing washing solution. This creates a H₂S-rich exhaust gas, which can be removed in the line ( 17 ) and perform a Claus plant.

Für die Behandlung des Kondensats in der Leitung (13) gibt es mehrere Verfahrensvarianten. Der Zeichnung entsprechend führt man das Kondensat in der Leitung (26) zu einer Strippkolonne (27), um NH₃ auszutreiben. Dies geschieht durch Wasserdampf, der aus der Leitung (28) kommt. NH₃-haltigen Wasserdampf zieht man in der Leitung (29) ab. Es empfiehlt sich, dieses NH₃-Wasserdampf-Gemisch in einer Claus-Anlage weiterzubehandeln.There are several process variants for the treatment of the condensate in the line ( 13 ). According to the drawing leads the condensate in the line ( 26 ) to a stripping column ( 27 ) to expel NH₃. This is done by water vapor coming from the line ( 28 ). NH₃-containing water vapor is withdrawn in line ( 29 ). It is recommended to further treat this NH₃-water vapor mixture in a Claus plant.

Aus dem Sumpf der Strippkolonne (27) gelangt das behandelte Kondensat durch die Leitung (30) in eine Verdampfung (31). Aus der Verdampfung (31) zieht man in der Leitung (32) einen vor allem aus Wasserdampf bestehenden Kondensatdampf ab und salzhaltige Sole führt man in der Leitung (33) zu einem Incinerator (34). Im Incinerator wird die Sole verbrannt, wobei man als Zusatzbrennstoff z. B. Erdgas verwenden kann. Es entsteht ein die Umwelt nicht belastendes Abgas, das man in der Leitung (35) abzieht, sowie ein Salzgemisch, das in der Leitung (36) anfällt. Dieses Salzgemisch, dessen Menge durch die vorausgegangene Behandlung klein ist, muß entsorgt werden.From the bottom of the stripping column ( 27 ), the treated condensate passes through the line ( 30 ) into an evaporation ( 31 ). From the evaporation ( 31 ) is withdrawn in the line ( 32 ) from a mainly consisting of steam condensate vapor and saline brine leads in the line ( 33 ) to an incinerator ( 34 ). In the incinerator, the brine is burned, being used as additional fuel z. B. can use natural gas. The result is a non-polluting environment, which is deducted in the line ( 35 ), and a salt mixture obtained in the line ( 36 ). This salt mixture, the amount of which is small by the previous treatment, must be disposed of.

Für die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens ist es wichtig, daß man das Rohgas, das weitgehend gereinigt in der Leitung (19) zur Verfügung steht, mit Wasserdampf bis zur weitgehenden Sättigung anreichert. Hierzu führt man das Gas in einen Sättiger (40), in welchen aus der Kreislaufleitung (41) kommendes Wasser eingesprüht wird. Das in der Leitung (42) ablaufende Wasser führt man durch einen indirekten Erhitzer (44). Das Kreislaufwasser der Leitung (41) wird noch durch Kondensat aus der Leitung (45) angereichert, bei diesem Kondensat handelt es sich um den Kondensatdampf der Leitung (32), der im Kühler (46) kondensiert wurde.For the economy of the process, it is important that the crude gas, which is largely purified in the line ( 19 ) is available, enriched with water vapor to substantial saturation. For this purpose, the gas is introduced into a saturator ( 40 ), in which water coming from the circulation line ( 41 ) is sprayed. The running in the line ( 42 ) water is passed through an indirect heater ( 44 ). The circulating water of the line ( 41 ) is enriched by condensate from the line ( 45 ), in this condensate is the condensate vapor of the line ( 32 ) which has been condensed in the cooler ( 46 ).

Aus dem Sättiger (40) zieht man in der Leitung (47) ein Rohgas ab, das zu mindestens 80% mit Wasserdampf gesättigt ist und zu 5 bis 20 Gew.-% aus Wasserdampf besteht. In einem Überhitzer (49) erhöht man die Temperatur des Gasgemisches, das an brennbaren Bestandteilen vor allem Wasserstoff, CO und gegebenenfalls auch Methan enthält, und führt es durch die Leitung (48) zur Brennkammer (50). In der Brennkammer (50) verbrennt man das Gas mit Luft aus der Leitung (51). Das durch die Verbrennung erzeugte Rauchgas führt man in der Leitung (52) in eine Gasturbine (53), wo es entspannt wird. Die Gasturbine ist über eine Welle (54) mit einem Generator (55) verbunden und sie treibt auch über die gemeinsame Welle (54) einen Luftverdichter (56) an. Dieser saugt Luft durch die Leitung (57) an und drückt die verdichtete Luft zum einen Teil durch die Leitung (51) zur Brennkammer (50) und zum anderen Teil durch die Leitung (58) zur Luftzerlegungsanlage (24). Der dabei entstehende stickstoffreiche Strom wird in der Leitung (59) abgeführt und dem Rohgas der Leitung (9) zugemischt, um dessen Volumen und damit die Wasseraufnahme in erwünschter Weise zu vergrößern. Alternativ kann der stickstoffreiche Strom ganz oder teilweise durch die Leitung (59a) dem Gas vor der Brennkammer (50) zugegeben werden. Das in der Turbine (53) genutzte Gas zieht in der Leitung (60) ab, es kann z. B. in einem Abhitzekessel der Dampferzeugung dienen. Der Sauerstoff aus der Luftzerlegungsanlage strömt in der Leitung (4) zum Reaktor (1). From the saturator ( 40 ) is withdrawn in line ( 47 ) from a raw gas which is at least 80% saturated with water vapor and consists of 5 to 20 wt .-% of water vapor. In a superheater ( 49 ) increases the temperature of the gas mixture, which contains primarily flammable components hydrogen, CO and possibly also methane, and leads it through the line ( 48 ) to the combustion chamber ( 50 ). In the combustion chamber ( 50 ), the gas is burned with air from the conduit ( 51 ). The flue gas produced by the combustion is led in the line ( 52 ) into a gas turbine ( 53 ), where it is expanded. The gas turbine is connected to a generator ( 55 ) via a shaft ( 54 ) and also drives an air compressor ( 56 ) via the common shaft ( 54 ). This sucks air through the line ( 57 ) and presses the compressed air to a part through the line ( 51 ) to the combustion chamber ( 50 ) and the other part through the line ( 58 ) to the air separation plant ( 24 ). The resulting nitrogen-rich stream is removed in the line ( 59 ) and the raw gas of the line ( 9 ) admixed to increase its volume and thus the water absorption in a desired manner. Alternatively, all or part of the nitrogen-rich stream may be added through line ( 59a ) to the gas in front of the combustor ( 50 ). The gas used in the turbine ( 53 ) pulls off in the line ( 60 ), it may, for. B. serve in a waste heat boiler steam generation. The oxygen from the air separation plant flows in the line ( 4 ) to the reactor ( 1 ).

Wenn die Vergasung der Kohle im Reaktor (1) im Festbett erfolgt, enthält das Kondensat der Leitung (13) u. a. auch eine größere Menge an Teer und Staub. Es empfiehlt sich deshalb, in die Leitung (13) einen Abscheider (61) einzuschalten, der gestrichelt angedeutet ist. In diesem Abscheider trennt man z. B. durch Schwerkraftwirkung staubhaltigen Teer als schwere Phase ab und führt diese schwere Phase durch die Leitungen (62) und (9) in den Vergasungsreaktor (1) zurück. Die leichte Phase kann als Kondensat durch die Leitung (26) abgeführt und in der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Weise weiterbehandelt werden.If the gasification of the coal in the reactor ( 1 ) takes place in a fixed bed, the condensate of the line ( 13 ) includes, inter alia, a larger amount of tar and dust. It is therefore advisable to turn into the line ( 13 ) a separator ( 61 ), which is indicated by dashed lines. In this separator separates z. B. by gravity dusty tar as heavy phase and leads this heavy phase through the lines ( 62 ) and ( 9 ) in the gasification reactor ( 1 ) back. The light phase can be discharged as condensate through the line ( 26 ) and further treated in the manner shown in the drawing.

Wenn der Gehalt an NH₃ im Kondensat gering ist, kann man auf die Strippkolonne (27) verzichten und den Teilstrom des Kondensats, der in der Leitung (26) abgezweigt wird, direkt der Verdampfung (31) aufgeben.If the content of NH₃ in the condensate is low, you can do without the stripping column ( 27 ) and give up the partial flow of the condensate, which is branched off in the line ( 26 ) directly to the evaporation ( 31 ).

Beispielexample

In einer der Zeichnung entsprechenden Verfahrensführung wird Steinkohle mit einem Wassergehalt von 10 Gew.-% und einem Aschegehalt von 12 Gew.-% im Festbett im Reaktor (1) bei einem Druck von 28 bar vergast, wobei flüssige Schlacke entsteht. Die Elementaranalyse der Steinkohle ist folgende:In a process according to the drawing coal hard coal with a water content of 10 wt .-% and an ash content of 12 wt .-% in a fixed bed in the reactor ( 1 ) is gasified at a pressure of 28, to form liquid slag. The elemental analysis of the coal is the following:

CC 83,7 Gew.-%83.7% by weight HH 5,4 Gew.-%5.4% by weight OO 8,5 Gew.-%8.5% by weight NN 1,4 Gew.-%1.4% by weight SS 0,6 Gew.-%0.6% by weight ClCl 0,1 Gew.-%0.1% by weight

Die Verfahrensführung weist einen Teerabscheider (61) mit Teer-Rückführleitung (62) auf, die Stickstoffleitung (59a) fehlt. Die nachfolgend tabellarisch angegebenen Mengen der verschiedenen Stoffe sind teilweise berechnet. The process guide has a tar separator ( 61 ) with tar return line ( 62 ), the nitrogen line ( 59 a) is missing. The following tabulated amounts of the various substances are partially calculated.

Drücke und Temperaturen in verschiedenen Leitungen sind folgende:Pressures and temperatures in different lines are the following:

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe bei einem Druck im Bereich von 10 bis 100 bar mit Sauerstoff und Wasserdampf enthaltenden Vergasungsmitteln zur Erzeugung eines Rohgases, das gereinigt, mit Wasserdampf angereichert, verbrannt und durch eine Gasturbine geleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das aus der Vergasung kommende Rohgas auf Temperaturen von 20 bis 220°C kühlt, wobei ein wasserreiches Kondensat entsteht, das man abtrennt, daß man mindestens einen Teil des Kondensats verdampft und getrennt einen Kondensatdampf und eine salzhaltige Sole abzieht, daß man die salzhaltige Sole verbrennt und daß man den Kondensatdampf mindestens teilweise dem gereinigten Rohgas zugibt.1. A process for gasifying solid fuels at a pressure in the range of 10 to 100 bar with oxygen and water vapor-containing gasifying agents for producing a raw gas which is purified, enriched with steam, burned and passed through a gas turbine, characterized in that one from the gasification incoming crude gas to temperatures of 20 to 220 ° C cooled, wherein a water-rich condensate is formed, which is separated, that evaporates at least a portion of the condensate and separately a condensate vapor and a saline brine withdraws, that burns the saline brine and that the condensate vapor is at least partially added to the purified raw gas. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man mindestens einen Teil des Kondensatdampfes kondensiert und mit dem gereinigten Rohgas in direkten Kontakt bringt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the condensate vapor condensed and with the purified raw gas in direct Contact brings. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Kondensat vor der Verdampfung weitgehend von NH₃ befreit.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the condensate before evaporation largely from NH₃ freed. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Luft in einen sauerstoffreichen und einen stickstoffreichen Strom zerlegt, den sauerstoffreichen Strom zur Vergasung leitet und den stickstoffreichen Strom dem gereinigten Rohgas zumischt.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one air in one oxygen-rich and a nitrogen-rich stream decomposed, the oxygen-rich stream for gasification passes and the nitrogen-rich stream of purified crude gas admixed.
DE19914107109 1991-03-06 1991-03-06 Environmentally friendly purificn. of crude gas - by cooling to contain condensate, sepg. condensate and evaporating to obtain saline soln. which is combusted and condensate stream which is added to pure gas Expired - Lifetime DE4107109C1 (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997010416A1 (en) * 1995-09-16 1997-03-20 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Power-generation method using combined gas and steam turbines
WO2000004279A3 (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-03-30 Siemens Ag Gas and steam turbine installation
EP1521719A2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-04-13 Clean Energy Systems, Inc. Coal and syngas fueled power generation systems featuring zero atmospheric emissions
JP2011032926A (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Gas turbine plant and gasification fuel power generation facility including the same
WO2012084910A3 (en) * 2010-12-20 2013-04-04 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Air separation apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus incorporating the air separation apparatus
WO2014005738A1 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids

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US3731485A (en) * 1970-02-07 1973-05-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag Open-cycle gas turbine plant

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DE2005656C (en) * 1970-02-07 1973-03-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Open gas turbine plant
US3731485A (en) * 1970-02-07 1973-05-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag Open-cycle gas turbine plant

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997010416A1 (en) * 1995-09-16 1997-03-20 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Power-generation method using combined gas and steam turbines
WO2000004279A3 (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-03-30 Siemens Ag Gas and steam turbine installation
CN1091835C (en) * 1998-07-17 2002-10-02 西门子公司 Gas and steam turbine installation
EP1521719A2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-04-13 Clean Energy Systems, Inc. Coal and syngas fueled power generation systems featuring zero atmospheric emissions
EP1521719A4 (en) * 2001-12-03 2008-01-23 Clean Energy Systems Inc Coal and syngas fueled power generation systems featuring zero atmospheric emissions
JP2011032926A (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Gas turbine plant and gasification fuel power generation facility including the same
WO2012084910A3 (en) * 2010-12-20 2013-04-04 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Air separation apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus incorporating the air separation apparatus
WO2014005738A1 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids
DE102012013139A1 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids
DE102012013139B4 (en) 2012-07-03 2022-05-05 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and device for the gasification of solids

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