DE3935478A1 - Corrosion protection of non-metallic materials - esp. waste water pipes or pipe coatings - Google Patents

Corrosion protection of non-metallic materials - esp. waste water pipes or pipe coatings

Info

Publication number
DE3935478A1
DE3935478A1 DE19893935478 DE3935478A DE3935478A1 DE 3935478 A1 DE3935478 A1 DE 3935478A1 DE 19893935478 DE19893935478 DE 19893935478 DE 3935478 A DE3935478 A DE 3935478A DE 3935478 A1 DE3935478 A1 DE 3935478A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
corrosion
waste water
esp
metallic
corrosion protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19893935478
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl Chem Dr Ortlepp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WOLFGANG ORTLEPP INDUSTRIEBERA
Original Assignee
WOLFGANG ORTLEPP INDUSTRIEBERA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WOLFGANG ORTLEPP INDUSTRIEBERA filed Critical WOLFGANG ORTLEPP INDUSTRIEBERA
Priority to DE19893935478 priority Critical patent/DE3935478A1/en
Publication of DE3935478A1 publication Critical patent/DE3935478A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/06—Coatings characterised by the materials used by cement, concrete, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/10—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics
    • F16L58/1009—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics the coating being placed inside the pipe
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • C04B2111/00706—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like around pipelines or the like

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)

Abstract

Prevention of H2S corrosion of non-metallic or nonmetallic-coated metallic piping materials, esp. in a waste water system, is achieved by adding, to the material and/or its coating, an acid-soluble mixt. of chemical cpds. with a standard potential Eo of more than -0.61V, e.g. Mn(II) /Mn(IV) salts in equiv mixt. ratio, and/or an acid-soluble oxidising agent, e.g. MnO2. USE/ADVANTAGE - The process is used to prevent H2S corrosion of waste water transport pipes made e.g. of concrete or fibre-cement (opt. with an inner lining) or made e.g. of cast iron or steel with an inner (in)organic lining. It provides permanent corrosion protection.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft den Korrosionsschutz eines Rohrsystems aus nichtmetallischem Werkstoff, wie Beton oder Faserzement, mit oder ohne innenseitige Beschichtung sowie eines Rohrsystems aus metallischem Werkstoff, wie Gußeisen oder Stahl, mit innenseitiger nichtmetallischer organischer oder anorganischer Beschichtung, besonders eines Rohrsystems für den Transport von Abwässern.The invention relates to the corrosion protection of a pipe system non-metallic material, such as concrete or fiber cement, with or without internal coating as well as a metallic pipe system Material, such as cast iron or steel, with inside non-metallic organic or inorganic coating, especially a pipe system for the transport of waste water.

In den Schutzanspruch mit einbezogen sind auch solche Rohrsysteme, durch die andere, nichtwäßrige flüssige oder gasförmige Medien, die aufgrund ihrer Zusammensetzung eine Korrosionsbeanspruchung des Rohrwerkstoffes durch Schwefelwasserstoff oder dessen Reaktionsprodukte, wie Schwefelsäure, verursachen können, transportiert werden.Included in the protection claim are also such pipe systems, by the other, nonaqueous liquid or gaseous Media, due to their composition, a corrosion stress of the pipe material by hydrogen sulphide or its reaction products, such as sulfuric acid cause can be transported.

Je nach Abwasserzusammensetzung und Betriebsbedingungen sowie unter besonderen chemischen und physikalischen Bedingungen kann besonders an Abwasserrohrsystemen aus zementgebundenem Werkstoff erhebliche Korrosion bis zur vollständigen Zerstörung der Abwasserleitung, hervorgerufen durch bakterielle Umsetzung schwefelhaltiger organischer Abwasserbestandteile - zunächst zu Schwefelwasserstoff, dann zu Schwefelsäure - eintreten.Depending on the wastewater composition and operating conditions as well as under special chemical and physical conditions may be special on wastewater pipe systems made of cement-bonded material considerable Corrosion until complete destruction of the sewer, caused by bacterial conversion sulfur-containing organic wastewater components - first to hydrogen sulphide, then to sulfuric acid - enter.

Diese als biogene Korrosion bezeichnete Erscheinung setzt sich aus zahlreichen komplexen biologischen und chemischen Prozessen, im wesentlichen anaerobe und aerobe Reduktions- bzw. Oxidationsreaktionen, zusammen, die teils im Abwasser, teils innerhalb der durch Abwasserbestandteile an der Innenwand von Abwasserleitungen gebildeten Sielhaut, aber auch an und in der Innenwand, d. h. im Rohrwerkstoff, selbst erfolgen.This phenomenon, known as biogenic corrosion, is manifesting itself numerous complex biological and chemical processes, in essential anaerobic and aerobic reduction or oxidation reactions, together, partly in the sewage, partly within the Wastewater components formed on the inner wall of sewers  Sielhaut, but also on and in the inner wall, d. H. in the pipe material, yourself.

Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die bakteriell verursachte Schwefelsäurebildung ist ein ausreichendes Sauerstoffangebot, das in geschlossenem Abwasserrohrsystem nur bei Teilfüllung, also dessen Betrieb als sogenannte Freispiegelleitung, vorhanden ist.An important prerequisite for bacterial sulfuric acid formation is a sufficient supply of oxygen that in closed Sewer pipe system only at partial filling, so its operation as so-called Freispiegelleitung, is present.

Die hierbei entstehende Säure mit einem pH-Wert von 1 und weniger wirkt auf den Rohrwerkstoff oder zunächst auf seine Beschichtung ein, so daß - bei zementgebundenen Werkstoffen schon nach 10 bis 15 Jahren - eine vollständige Zerstörung der Abwasserleitung erfolgen kann.The resulting acid with a pH of 1 and less acts on the pipe material or first on its coating a, so that - in cement-bonded materials after 10 bis 15 years - a complete destruction of the sewer line done can.

Für die Instandsetzung oder Erneuerung der beschädigten oder auch nur korrosionsgefährdeten Abwasserleitungen entstehen im steigenden Maß zu Lasten der Volkswirtschaft erhebliche Kosten, wenn man den weiterhin steigenden Anteil organischer Abwasserinhaltsstoffe bei zugleich abnehmendem Wasserverbrauch in den Industrieländern berücksichtigt. Der Einsatz herkömmlicher Rohrwerkstoffe, vor allem von Beton und Faserzement, bei der Sanierung der zerstörten oder der durch Korrosion gefährdeten Leitungen kommt dann nicht in Betracht.For the repair or renewal of the damaged or even only Corrosion-prone sewers are becoming increasingly prevalent Burdens on the economy considerable costs, if you continue to rising share of organic wastewater ingredients at the same time decreasing water consumption in industrialized countries. The Use of conventional pipe materials, especially concrete and fiber cement, in the rehabilitation of destroyed or endangered by corrosion Lines is then out of the question.

Auch bei Neuanlagen von Abwassersystemen scheiden diese Rohrwerkstoffe aus, wenn mit biogener Korrosion gerechnet werden muß, wobei auch Schutzanstriche mit Teerpech-, Bitumen- und Epoxidanstrichmitteln oder daraus hergestellte Kombinationen gegen die dauernde Einwirkung von mittel- oder höherkonzentrierter Schwefelsäure aus biogenen Prozessen keinen langzeitigen Korrosionsschutz bieten, zumal die Diffusion von Schwefelwasserstoff durch den Schutzanstrich und demzufolge unterhalb des Anstriches dann eintretende Korrosion nicht verhindert werden kann.Even with new systems of sewage systems divide these pipe materials if biogenic corrosion is to be expected protective coatings with tar pitch, bitumen and epoxy paints or combinations made therefrom continuous action of medium or higher concentrated sulfuric acid from biogenic processes no long-term corrosion protection offer, especially as the diffusion of hydrogen sulfide through the  Protective paint and therefore entering below the painting Corrosion can not be prevented.

Es ist bekannt, durch chemische Zusätze zum in der Rohrleitung transportierten Medium Schwefelwasserstoff-Korrosion zu vermeiden (siehe zum Beispiel: DE-OS 31 09 827, DE-PS 28 40 976, DE-OS 37 19 101, DE-OS 34 37 936).It is known to be transported by chemical additives to the pipeline Medium hydrogen sulfide corrosion to avoid (see For example: DE-OS 31 09 827, DE-PS 28 40 976, DE-OS 37 19 101, DE-OS 34 37 936).

Auch durch bestimmte bauliche Auslegung von Abwasseranlagen kann die Ausgasung von Schwefelwasserstoff in den Gasraum von Freispiegelleitungen verhindert oder zumindest verringert werden (DE-OS 36 16 418), oder es werden - so nach DE-OS 34 29 881 - die mit Kunstharzbeton ausgeschleuderte oder - so nach DE-GM 83 17 741 - mit Kunststoffolien ausgekleidete Abwasserrohre verwendet.Also by certain structural design of sewage systems, the Outgassing of hydrogen sulfide in the gas space of gravity pipes prevented or at least reduced (DE-OS 36 16 418), or it will - according to DE-OS 34 29 881 - ejected with synthetic resin concrete or - according to DE-GM 83 17 741 - lined with plastic films Sewer pipes used.

Eine technisch und wirtschaftlich zufriedenstellende Lösung zur Verhinderung biogener Korrosion, besonders an aus zementgebundenen Rohrwerkstoffen hergestellten Abwassersystemen, stellen die bekannten Vorschläge nicht dar.A technically and economically satisfactory solution to prevent biogenic corrosion, especially from cement-bonded pipe materials produced sewage systems, make the known proposals not dar.

Hier greift die vorliegende Erfindung vorteilhaft ein, die zur Aufgabe hat, einen nichtmetallischen oder mit nichtmetallischer Beschichtung versehenen metallischen Rohrwerkstoff vor die durch Schwefelwasserstoff- und Schwefelsäurebildung verursachte Korrosion dauerhaft zu schützen.Here, the present invention takes advantage of the task has a non-metallic or non-metallic coating metallic pipe material in front of the hydrogen sulphide and sulfuric acid formation to permanently protect corrosion.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt nach den Kennzeichen und Merkmalen des Patentanspruches. The solution of the task is carried out according to the characteristics and characteristics of Claim.  

Für die Ausführung der Erfindung werden nachstehend einige Beispiele gegeben.The following are some examples of the practice of the invention given.

Beispiel 1Example 1

Die Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung eines metallischen oder nichtmetallischen Abwasserrohrwerkstoffes wird mit einem Anstrichmittel auf der Grundlage der nachstehenden Formulierung - mit den beanspruchten Zusatzmitteln als Korrosionsinhibitoren - hergestellt, wobei die nach DIN 55 928 - 28 Tage nach Anstrichmittelauftrag - ermittelte Mindest-Trockenfilmdicke 0,4 mm beträgt.The corrosion protection coating of a metallic or non-metallic Sewer pipe material is based on a paint the following wording - with the claimed additives as Corrosion inhibitors - produced, according to DIN 55 928 - 28 days after application of paint - determined minimum dry film thickness 0.4 mm is.

Formulierung (Gewichtsteile)Formulation (parts by weight) Polychloroprenpolychloroprene 1717 AlterungsschutzmittelAnti-aging agents 0,50.5 Butylacetatbutyl 1717 Xylolxylene 88th Benzinpetrol 1717 Geperlter Inaktiv-RußBeaded inactive carbon black 2020 Glimmerpudermica powder 66 Diisocyanatdiisocyanate 4,54.5 Manganoxid (MnO)Manganese oxide (MnO) 4,14.1 Mangandioxid (MnO₂)Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) 55

Beispiel 2example 2

Nach den für die Fertigung von Asbestzementrohren bekannten Verfahren, so beispielsweise nach der Hatschek-Methode, wird mit der nachstehenden Rohstoffmischung ein faserverstärktes zementgebundenes Abwasserrohr hergestellt:According to the methods known for the production of asbestos cement pipes, for example, according to the Hatschek method, the following is used Raw material mixture made of a fiber-reinforced cement-bonded sewage pipe:

Rohstoffmischung (Gewichtsteile)Raw material mixture (parts by weight) ZellstoffasermischungZellstoffasermischung 1010 PortlandzementPortland cement 9090 MnOMnO 0,80.8 MnO₂MnO₂ 11 Wasserwater 20002000

Beispiel 3example 3

Ein Schleuderbeton- oder Stahlrohr wird nach DIN 1045 mit einer Betonmischung B II mit einer Schichtdicke von mindestens 3 cm ausgeschleudert, wobei auf 100 Gewichtsteile (GT) Zement-Bindemittel 16 GT MnO und 20 GT MnO₂ erfindungsgemäß hinzugesetzt sind.A spun concrete or steel pipe is made according to DIN 1045 with a concrete mixture Ejected B II with a layer thickness of at least 3 cm, for 100 parts by weight (GT) cement binder 16 GT MnO and 20 GT MnO₂ are added according to the invention.

Claims (1)

Verfahren zur Vermeidung der Schwefelwasserstoffkorrosion an Rohrwerkstoffen aus nichtmetallischem Werkstoff oder an der nichtmetallischen Beschichtung eines metallischen Rohrwerkstoffes, besonders in einem Abwassersystem, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Werkstoff und/oder seiner Beschichtung ein säurelösliches Gemisch chemischer Verbindungen mit einem Normalpotential E₀ < -0,61 V, wie Mangan(II)/Mangang(IV)-Salze in äquivalentem Mischungsverhältnis, und/oder ein säurelösliches Oxidationsmittel, wie Mangan(IV)oxid, hinzugesetzt ist.A method for preventing hydrogen sulfide corrosion of non-metallic pipe materials or on the non-metallic coating of a metallic pipe material, especially in a sewage system, characterized in that the material and / or its coating, an acid-soluble mixture of chemical compounds with a normal potential E₀ <-0.61 V. , such as manganese (II) / manganese (IV) salts in an equivalent mixing ratio, and / or an acid-soluble oxidizing agent, such as manganese (IV) oxide, is added.
DE19893935478 1989-10-25 1989-10-25 Corrosion protection of non-metallic materials - esp. waste water pipes or pipe coatings Ceased DE3935478A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893935478 DE3935478A1 (en) 1989-10-25 1989-10-25 Corrosion protection of non-metallic materials - esp. waste water pipes or pipe coatings

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893935478 DE3935478A1 (en) 1989-10-25 1989-10-25 Corrosion protection of non-metallic materials - esp. waste water pipes or pipe coatings

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DE3935478A1 true DE3935478A1 (en) 1991-05-02

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0657684A1 (en) * 1993-12-11 1995-06-14 Keramchemie GmbH Corrosion-resistant construction element
DE4294814C3 (en) * 1992-03-18 2000-06-15 Hazama Gumi Process to prevent bacteria-induced sulfuric acid attack on concrete, mortar or a high polymer material
US7789958B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2010-09-07 University Of Dayton Non-toxic corrosion-protection pigments based on manganese
US7833331B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2010-11-16 University Of Dayton Non-toxic corrosion-protection pigments based on cobalt

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2840976C3 (en) * 1978-09-20 1982-03-18 Institut fizičeskoj chimii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva Hydrogen sulfide corrosion inhibitor
DE3109827A1 (en) * 1981-03-14 1982-09-23 Basf Ag INHIBITORS AGAINST THE CORROSION OF CO (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) AND H (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) S IN WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS
DE8317741U1 (en) * 1983-06-18 1983-12-08 Corrotect Korrosionsschutz GmbH, 2000 Hamburg PROTECTIVE COVER FOR CONCRETE WATER PIPES
DE3429881A1 (en) * 1984-08-14 1986-02-20 E. Heitkamp Rohrbau GmbH, 4690 Herne Process and device for producing an interior protection of sewer pipes, for example concrete pipes
DE3437936A1 (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-04-17 Peter, Siegfried, Prof.Dr., 8525 Uttenreuth Process and agent for combating corrosion under reducing conditions
DE3616418A1 (en) * 1985-06-10 1986-12-11 Manfred Dipl.-Ing. 4154 Tönisvorst Weikopf Controllable weir for flushing sewerage systems and process for discharge delay
DE3719101A1 (en) * 1987-06-06 1988-12-15 Bayer Ag NEW CORROSION INHIBITORS

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2840976C3 (en) * 1978-09-20 1982-03-18 Institut fizičeskoj chimii Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva Hydrogen sulfide corrosion inhibitor
DE3109827A1 (en) * 1981-03-14 1982-09-23 Basf Ag INHIBITORS AGAINST THE CORROSION OF CO (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) AND H (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) S IN WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS
DE8317741U1 (en) * 1983-06-18 1983-12-08 Corrotect Korrosionsschutz GmbH, 2000 Hamburg PROTECTIVE COVER FOR CONCRETE WATER PIPES
DE3429881A1 (en) * 1984-08-14 1986-02-20 E. Heitkamp Rohrbau GmbH, 4690 Herne Process and device for producing an interior protection of sewer pipes, for example concrete pipes
DE3437936A1 (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-04-17 Peter, Siegfried, Prof.Dr., 8525 Uttenreuth Process and agent for combating corrosion under reducing conditions
DE3616418A1 (en) * 1985-06-10 1986-12-11 Manfred Dipl.-Ing. 4154 Tönisvorst Weikopf Controllable weir for flushing sewerage systems and process for discharge delay
DE3719101A1 (en) * 1987-06-06 1988-12-15 Bayer Ag NEW CORROSION INHIBITORS

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KITTEL, Hans: Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen, Bd. V, 1977, S. 79, 91 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4294814C3 (en) * 1992-03-18 2000-06-15 Hazama Gumi Process to prevent bacteria-induced sulfuric acid attack on concrete, mortar or a high polymer material
EP0657684A1 (en) * 1993-12-11 1995-06-14 Keramchemie GmbH Corrosion-resistant construction element
US7833331B2 (en) 2002-01-04 2010-11-16 University Of Dayton Non-toxic corrosion-protection pigments based on cobalt
US7789958B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2010-09-07 University Of Dayton Non-toxic corrosion-protection pigments based on manganese

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