DE3933407A1 - Metallic fasteners e.g. screws and rivets - made at least partially of memory alloy in areas which are deformed during fastening - Google Patents

Metallic fasteners e.g. screws and rivets - made at least partially of memory alloy in areas which are deformed during fastening

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Publication number
DE3933407A1
DE3933407A1 DE3933407A DE3933407A DE3933407A1 DE 3933407 A1 DE3933407 A1 DE 3933407A1 DE 3933407 A DE3933407 A DE 3933407A DE 3933407 A DE3933407 A DE 3933407A DE 3933407 A1 DE3933407 A1 DE 3933407A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
memory alloy
alloy
screws
shape memory
areas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE3933407A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Rainer Dr Renz
Johann Dr Kraemer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler Benz AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Mercedes Benz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG, Mercedes Benz AG filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Priority to DE3933407A priority Critical patent/DE3933407A1/en
Publication of DE3933407A1 publication Critical patent/DE3933407A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
    • B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
    • B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/12—Shape memory
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/10—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings by separate parts
    • F16B21/16—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings by separate parts with grooves or notches in the pin or shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/77—Use of a shape-memory material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/04—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for maintaining a tensile load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

Metallic fasteners such as screws, rivots, clamps, washers etc. are made of memory alloy material at least in the areas which are subjected to diformation during the fastening stage. The memory alloy is a Ni-Ti-based alloy, an Fe-based alloy; Cu-based alloy or a Ni-Ti-Cu-based alloy. After assembling and tightening the fastener in its martensitic structure, the assembly is heated to convert into an austenitic structure which returns the fastener to its original shape. ADVANTAGE - Parts can be more safely held together as the memory alloy prestresses the fastener as it regains its initial dimensions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft metallische Klemmbefestigungsele­ mente wie Schrauben, Nieten, Klammern, federnde Unterlag­ scheiben oder dgl., wie sie im Maschinenbau zum kraft­ schlüssigen Zusammenklemmen mindestens zweier Teile an­ einander benützt und hiermit als bekannt unterstellt wer­ den.The invention relates to metallic clamp fasteners elements such as screws, rivets, clamps, resilient underlay disks or the like conclusive clamping of at least two parts uses each other and hereby assumes that he is known the.

Klemmbefestigungselemente werden vorzugsweise zum kraft­ schlüssigen Zusammenklemmen zweier Teile miteinander ein­ gesetzt. Diese Teile werden dabei zusammengepreßt, wobei die Preßkraft über die bei der Befestigung vorgenommene Dehnung der Klemmbefestigungselemente aufgebracht wird. Sind die Teile beispielsweise lackiert, fließt der Lack aus dem unmittelbar unter Druck stehenden Bereich heraus und der Betrag der Dehnung der Klemmbefestigungselemente wird verringert. Dadurch verringert sich gleichfalls die Vorspannkraft des Klemmbefestigungselementes und die Klem­ mung kann sich u. U. lösen. Der gleiche Effekt ergibt sich bei Teilen, die sich an ihrer gegenseitigen Oberfläche in oder am Bereich der Klemmbefestigungselemente abreiben oder aufgrund von Setzungserscheinungen im Bereich der Oberflächenrauheit der geklemmten Teile. Damit die geklemm­ ten Teile in einem vertretbaren Rahmen vorgespannt sind, müssen sie ständig überprüft und ggf. ausgewechselt bzw. bei Schrauben nachgezogen werden. Dies ist aber zeit- und kostenintensiv. Ferner sind insbesondere Zylinderkopf­ schrauben und Motorblockschrauben, damit sie die an sie gestellten Forderungen bezüglich ihres Spannungsverlaufes erfüllen, sehr kompliziert und damit teuer zu fertigen.Clamp fasteners are preferably to the force conclusive clamping together of two parts set. These parts are pressed together, whereby the pressing force over that made during fastening Expansion of the clamp fasteners is applied. If the parts are painted, for example, the paint flows out of the area immediately under pressure and the amount of elongation of the clamp fasteners is reduced. This also reduces the Pretensioning force of the clamp fastening element and the clamp mung can U. solve. The same effect results for parts that are in on their mutual surface or rub on the area of the clamp fasteners  or due to settlement phenomena in the area of Surface roughness of the clamped parts. So that the clamped parts are preloaded within an acceptable range, they must be constantly checked and, if necessary, replaced or be tightened for screws. But this is time and expensive. Furthermore, cylinder head in particular bolts and engine block bolts so they attach to them made demands regarding their voltage course fulfill, very complicated and therefore expensive to manufacture.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die gattungsgemäßen Klemmbefestigungselemente dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die Sicherheit einer kraftschlüssigen Zusammenklemmung von Teilen aneinander mittels eines Klemmbefestigungselementes erhöht wird.The object of the invention is the generic Clamp fasteners to improve that the security of a frictional clamping of Share to each other by means of a clamp fastening element is increased.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit dem kennzeichnenden Merkmal des Anspruch 1 gelöst. Formgedächtnislegierungen haben die Eigenschaft, daß sie neben dem normalen Hook′schen Bereich einen reversiblen verformbaren, pseu­ doelastischen Bereich aufweisen, dessen Spannungs-Deh­ nungs-Kennlinie gegenüber der von Stahl im reversiblen Bereich weitaus flacher verläuft. Ferner können sie re­ versibel bis um eine relative Längenänderung von bis zu 15% gedehnt werden. Werden Bereiche der Klemmbefestigungs­ elemente, die bei der Klemmung der Dehnung unterliegen aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung gefertigt, ergeben Abstands­ änderungen der befestigten Teile entlang der Dehnungsrich­ tung der Klemmbefestigungselemente, aufgrund der o.g. Materialeigenschaften der Formgedächtnislegierung, nur geringfügige Änderungen in der Vorspannkraft des Klemmbe­ festigungselementes. Dadurch ist die Sicherheit der Klem­ mung wesentlich erhöht und insbesondere müssen die Zylin­ derkopf- und Motorblockschrauben nicht mehr so kompliziert gefertigt werden. Weitere sinnvolle Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen entnehmbar.The task is inventively with the characteristic Feature of claim 1 solved. Shape memory alloys have the property that they are next to the normal Hook's area a reversible deformable, pseu exhibit doelastic area, the stress-strain characteristic curve compared to that of steel in the reversible The area is much flatter. They can also re Versible up to a relative change in length of up to 15% be stretched. Become areas of the clamp elements that are subject to stretching when clamped made of a shape memory alloy, result in distance Changes to the fastened parts along the stretch direction clamping devices, due to the above  Material properties of shape memory alloy, only slight changes in the preload force of the clamp fastening element. This is the safety of the terminal tion increased significantly and in particular the cylin derkopf and engine block screws no longer so complicated are manufactured. Other useful configurations are the dependent claims.

Zwei mögliche Ausführungsbeispiele sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden erläutert. Dabei zeigt:Two possible embodiments are in the drawings are shown and are explained below. It shows:

Fig. 1 eine Nietverbindung zweier relativ zueinan­ der drehbaren Teile und Fig. 1 is a rivet connection of two relatively zueinan of the rotatable parts and

Fig. 2 eine Schraubverbindung. Fig. 2 shows a screw connection.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Schere mit einer Niete 1, deren Niet­ schaft 3 als Drehbolzen wirkt, schematisch dargestellt. Die Schere weist einen oberen Teil 7 und einen unteren Teil 6, die relativ zueinander um die Niete 1 drehbar sind, auf. Der Nietkopf 2 der Niete 1 liegt auf der ihm zugewandeten Oberfläche des oberen Teiles 7 auf. Damit eine Preßkraft und eine Klemmung in axialer Richtung des Nietschaftes 3 auf den oberen Teil 7 und auf den unteren Teil 6 wirkt, ist eine Tellerfeder 5 mit ihrem inneren Rand in einer Nut 4, die an dem dem Nietkopf 2 gegenüber­ liegenden Endbereich des Nietschaftes 3 angebracht ist, angeordnet. Der äußere Rand der Tellerfeder 5 drückt auf­ grund seiner Vorspannung gegen das untere Teil 6 und preßt es gegen das obere Teil 7. Bei Drehung des oberen Teiles 7 relativ zum unteren Teil 6 ergibt sich im Bereich der Nie­ te 1 sowohl zwischen dem Nietkopf 2 und dem oberen Teil 7 als auch an der gegenseitigen Kontaktfläche der beiden Teile ein Abrieb. Dieser Abrieb verringert die Erstreckung der beiden Teile in axialer Richtung des Nietschaftes 3 und damit unmittelbar die Vorspannung der Tellerfeder 5. Damit dies nicht zu einer erheblichen Änderung der Preß­ kraft der beiden Teile gegeneinander führt, ist die Tel­ lerfeder 5 aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung gebildet, die bei Temperaturen über -10°C ein austenitisches Gefüge aufweist. Die Vorspannung der Tellerfeder 5 ist derart gewählt, daß sie sich im Bereich der plastisch reversib­ len - pseudoelastischen - Verformung der Spannungs-Dehnungs- Kennlinie der Formgedächtnislegierung mit austenitischem Gefüge befindet. Eine Verringerung der Erstreckung der beiden Teile in axialer Richtung des Nietschaftes 3 wirken sich dadurch nur geringfügig auf die Vorspannung und damit auf die Anpreßkraft der beiden Teile aneinander aus. Ist bei einer ähnlichen Nietverbindung ein so hoher Abrieb zu erwarten, daß die Vorspannung der Tellerfeder 5 aus dem pseudoelastischen Bereich gelangt, wird sinnvollerweise zumindest auch der Nietschaft 3 aus einer Formgedächtnisle­ gierung gefertigt.In Fig. 1, a pair of scissors with a rivet 1 , the rivet shaft 3 acts as a pivot pin, is shown schematically. The scissors have an upper part 7 and a lower part 6 , which are rotatable relative to one another about the rivet 1 . The rivet head 2 of the rivet 1 lies on the surface of the upper part 7 facing it. Thus, a pressing force and a clamping in the axial direction of the shank acts on the upper part 7 and the lower part 6 3, a plate spring 5 having its inner edge in a groove 4 which in the the rivet head 2 opposite end portion of the shank 3 is attached, arranged. The outer edge of the plate spring 5 presses against the lower part 6 due to its prestress and presses it against the upper part 7 . When the upper part 7 rotates relative to the lower part 6 , there is abrasion in the area of the never 1 between the rivet head 2 and the upper part 7 and on the mutual contact surface of the two parts. This abrasion reduces the extension of the two parts in the axial direction of the rivet shaft 3 and thus directly the bias of the plate spring 5 . So that this does not lead to a significant change in the pressing force of the two parts against each other, the Tel lerfeder 5 is formed from a shape memory alloy which has an austenitic structure at temperatures above -10 ° C. The bias of the plate spring 5 is selected such that it is in the region of the plastically reversible len - pseudo-elastic - deformation of the stress-strain characteristic of the shape memory alloy with an austenitic structure. A reduction in the extent of the two parts in the axial direction of the rivet shaft 3 thus has only a minor effect on the pretension and thus on the contact pressure of the two parts against one another. Is to be expected with a similar rivet connection such a high abrasion that the bias of the plate spring 5 comes from the pseudo-elastic range, is at least the rivet shaft 3 is made of a shape memory alloy.

Klemmbefestigungselemente, wie diese Niete 1 haben somit eine Art Nachstellwirkung. Durch diese funktionellen Zu­ sammenhänge bei Klemmbefestigungselementen sind die An­ forderungen an die Formgedächtnislegierungen entgegen den sonstigen Anwendungen der Formgedächtnislegierungen für temperaturabhängige mechanische Stellelemente reduziert, wodurch eine billigere Herstellung dieser Legierungen er­ möglicht wird.Clamping elements such as this rivet 1 thus have a kind of readjustment effect. Due to these functional contexts in the case of clamp fastening elements, the requirements placed on the shape memory alloys, in contrast to the other applications of the shape memory alloys for temperature-dependent mechanical actuating elements, are reduced, thereby enabling cheaper manufacture of these alloys.

Der innere Rand der Tellerfeder 5 wird auf vorteilhafte Weise in die Nut 4 der Niete 1 gefügt, indem beim Fügen die Formgedächtnislegierung der Tellerfeder 5 ein weiches martensitisches Gefüge aufweist. Nachdem die Tellerfeder 5, die nun auch schon vorgespannt sein kann, in der Nut 10 angeordnet ist, wird die Temperatur erhöht, womit sich das Gefüge der Formgedächtnislegierung in ein austenitisches Gefüge umwandelt und die Vorspannung der Tellerfeder 5 zusätzlich erhöht wird.The inner edge of the plate spring 5 is advantageously inserted into the groove 4 of the rivet 1 by the shape memory alloy of the plate spring 5 having a soft martensitic structure during the joining. After the plate spring 5 , which can now also be preloaded, is arranged in the groove 10 , the temperature is increased, with which the structure of the shape memory alloy is converted into an austenitic structure and the preload of the plate spring 5 is additionally increased.

Als zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Klemmbefestigungselementes ist in Fig. 2 eine lange Schraube 17 dargestellt, die ein oberes Gewinde 18 und ein unteres Gewinde 15 aufweist. Die Schraube 17 dient zur Befestigung eines Zylinderkopfes 13 an einem Motorblock 19. Zwischen dem Zylinderkopf 13 und dem Motorblock 19 ist eine Zylinderkopfdichtung 14 angeordnet. Das untere Ge­ winde 15 ist in einer mit einem Innengewinde versehenen Motorblockbohrung 16 fest verschraubt. Das obere Gewinde 8 ragt über die Oberfläche 18 des Zylinderkopfes 13 hinaus. Dem oberen Gewinde 8 ist eine Mutter 9 und eine Unterleg­ scheibe 10, die zwischen der Mutter 9 und der Oberfläche 18 des Zylinderkopfes 13 angeordnet ist, zugeordnet. Durch Anziehen der Mutter 9 wird der Zylinderkopf 13 an dem Mo­ torblock 19 befestigt, wobei die Zylinderkopfdichtung 14 gequetscht und der in der Zylinderkopfbohrung 11 angeord­ nete und aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung gefertigte Schraubenschaft 11 gedehnt wird. Das mittels der Mutter 9 einstellbare Anziehmoment der Schraube 17 ist so vorgege­ ben, daß die daraus resultierende Dehnung und damit die Vorspannung des Schraubenschaftes 11 sich im austeniti­ schen und pseudoelastischen Bereich der Spannungs-Dehnungs- Kennlinie der Formgedächtnislegierung befindet. Setzungs­ erscheinungen der Zylinderkopfdichtung 14 und andere Ef­ fekte, die zu einer Verringerung der Dehnung des Schrauben­ schaftes 11 führen, werden somit mittels der Materialeigen­ schaften des aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung gefertigten Schraubenschaftes 11 vernachlässigbar. Selbstverständlich kann die Schraube 17 auch mit martensitischem Gefüge des Schraubenschaftes 11 eingebaut, festgezogen, mittels der Mutter 9 vorgespannt und anschließend, um die Vorspannung zu erhöhen und um in den pseudoelastischen Bereich zu ge­ langen, durch Erwärmung in ein austenitisches Gefüge über­ führt werden.As a second embodiment of a clamp fastening element according to the invention, a long screw 17 is shown in FIG. 2, which has an upper thread 18 and a lower thread 15 . The screw 17 is used to fasten a cylinder head 13 to an engine block 19 . A cylinder head gasket 14 is arranged between the cylinder head 13 and the engine block 19 . The lower Ge thread 15 is screwed into an internally threaded engine block bore 16 . The upper thread 8 projects beyond the surface 18 of the cylinder head 13 . The upper thread 8 is a nut 9 and a washer 10 , which is arranged between the nut 9 and the surface 18 of the cylinder head 13 . By tightening the nut 9 of the cylinder head 13 is fastened 19 at the torblock Mo, wherein the cylinder head gasket 14 and the squeezed angeord specified in the cylinder head bore 11 and made of a shape memory alloy screw shaft is elongated. 11 The adjustable by means of the nut 9 tightening torque of the screw 17 is pregiven ben that the resulting expansion and thus the bias of the screw shaft 11 is in the austenitic and pseudo-elastic range of the stress-strain curve of the shape memory alloy. Speed reduction phenomena of the cylinder head gasket 14 and other Ef fect, leading to a reduction in the elongation of the screw shaft 11, thus the fabricated from a shape memory alloy screw shaft 11 by means of properties of the material properties is negligible. Of course, the screw 17 can also be installed with a martensitic structure of the screw shank 11 , tightened, prestressed by means of the nut 9 and then in order to increase the prestress and to get into the pseudoelastic region by heating into an austenitic structure.

Als Formgedächtnislegierung kommen Kupfer-Basislegierungen oder Eisen-Basislegierungen oder Nickel-Titan-Basislegie­ rungen oder insbesonders Nickel-Titan-Kupfer-Legierungen in Frage.Copper base alloys come as shape memory alloys or iron-based alloys or nickel-titanium-based alloy or especially nickel-titanium-copper alloys in question.

Claims (4)

1. Metallische Klemmbefestigungselemente wie Schrauben, Nieten, Klammern, federnde Unterlegscheiben oder dgl. zum kraftschlüssigen Zusammenklemmen mindestens zweier Teile aneinander, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmbefestigungselemente zumindest in dem beim kraftschlüssigen Zusammenklemmen verformten Bereich aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung bestehen.1. Metallic clamping elements such as screws, rivets, clamps, resilient washers or the like. For the positive clamping of at least two parts to one another, characterized in that the clamping elements consist of a shape memory alloy at least in the area deformed during the positive clamping. 2. Metallische Klemmbefestigungselemente nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formgedächtnislegierung eine Nickel (Ni)-Titan (Ti)-Basislegierung oder eine Eisen (Fe)-Basislegierung oder eine Kupfer (Cu)-Basislegierung ist.2. Metallic clamp fasteners according to claim 1, characterized, that the shape memory alloy is a nickel (Ni) titanium (Ti) base alloy or an iron (Fe) base alloy or is a copper (Cu) base alloy. 3. Metallische Klemmbefestigungselemente nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formgedächtnislegierung eine Nickel-Titan-Kupfer (NiTiCu)-Legierung ist. 3. Metallic clamp fasteners according to claim 1, characterized, that the shape memory alloy is a nickel titanium copper (NiTiCu) alloy is.   4. Metallische Klemmbefestigungselemente nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Klemmbefestigungselement nach Herstellung der Klem­ mung mittels Erwärmen zusätzlich vorgespannt ist.4. Metallic clamp fasteners according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized, that the clamp fastener after making the clamp is additionally biased by heating.
DE3933407A 1989-10-06 1989-10-06 Metallic fasteners e.g. screws and rivets - made at least partially of memory alloy in areas which are deformed during fastening Withdrawn DE3933407A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3933407A DE3933407A1 (en) 1989-10-06 1989-10-06 Metallic fasteners e.g. screws and rivets - made at least partially of memory alloy in areas which are deformed during fastening

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3933407A DE3933407A1 (en) 1989-10-06 1989-10-06 Metallic fasteners e.g. screws and rivets - made at least partially of memory alloy in areas which are deformed during fastening

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DE3933407A1 true DE3933407A1 (en) 1990-09-20

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995021333A1 (en) * 1994-02-03 1995-08-10 Kvaerner Tamturbine Oy Pre-tensionable screw
DE10108956A1 (en) * 2001-02-23 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Mounting element for connecting two objects, in particular two parts of the device
DE10343149A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-05-04 Opel Adam Ag Fastener device for exhaust manifold, comprises stud bolts with cylindrical outer surface for engaging with clamping disc device
DE102005053987A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-24 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Double-headed shape-memory rivet used as fastening, is transformed into second state by thermal activation, causing selective expansion and contraction
DE102005059091A1 (en) * 2005-12-10 2007-06-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Bolt for connecting two components, has shaft that is provided for connecting bolt head and thread, where shaft is formed from shape memory alloy and is stretched in low temperature phase
CN106594048A (en) * 2016-11-08 2017-04-26 国家电网公司 Bolt assembly of shape memory alloy cable clamp

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995021333A1 (en) * 1994-02-03 1995-08-10 Kvaerner Tamturbine Oy Pre-tensionable screw
DE10108956A1 (en) * 2001-02-23 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Mounting element for connecting two objects, in particular two parts of the device
DE10343149A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-05-04 Opel Adam Ag Fastener device for exhaust manifold, comprises stud bolts with cylindrical outer surface for engaging with clamping disc device
DE10343149B4 (en) * 2003-09-18 2010-06-10 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Mounting arrangement for an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine and assembly method thereof
DE102005053987A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-24 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Double-headed shape-memory rivet used as fastening, is transformed into second state by thermal activation, causing selective expansion and contraction
DE102005053987B4 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-12-27 Eads Deutschland Gmbh A shape memory alloy fastener and method of attaching such fastener in at least one workpiece
DE102005059091A1 (en) * 2005-12-10 2007-06-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Bolt for connecting two components, has shaft that is provided for connecting bolt head and thread, where shaft is formed from shape memory alloy and is stretched in low temperature phase
CN106594048A (en) * 2016-11-08 2017-04-26 国家电网公司 Bolt assembly of shape memory alloy cable clamp

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