DE3925693A1 - Adsorption filter material esp. for air purificn. - has larger adsorber particles interspersed with smaller particles of lower adsorptivity, attached to matrix with adhesive - Google Patents

Adsorption filter material esp. for air purificn. - has larger adsorber particles interspersed with smaller particles of lower adsorptivity, attached to matrix with adhesive

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Publication number
DE3925693A1
DE3925693A1 DE19893925693 DE3925693A DE3925693A1 DE 3925693 A1 DE3925693 A1 DE 3925693A1 DE 19893925693 DE19893925693 DE 19893925693 DE 3925693 A DE3925693 A DE 3925693A DE 3925693 A1 DE3925693 A1 DE 3925693A1
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Prior art keywords
filter material
adsorber
particles
matrix
smaller
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DE19893925693
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German (de)
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Ernest De Dr Ruiter
Hasso Von Bluecher
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016Particle form
    • B01J20/28019Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28026Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B01J20/28045Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078Pore diameter
    • B01J20/28085Pore diameter being more than 50 nm, i.e. macropores

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Filter material (I) consists of a matrix with adsorber particles (II) attached to it by means of an adhesive layer; between the larger particles of (II) (i.e. IIA) there are smaller particles with lower absorptive power (IIB). Matrix is an open-pore, reticulated polyurethane foam with pore dia. 1-3 mm; at least one of the adsorber types consists of spherical particles; (IIA) have dia. 0.4-1 mm, and (IIB) are at least 5 times, pref. at least 10 times smaller; (II) are based at least partly on pitch, or on styrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers, or water-repellent mol. sieve, and are pref. at least partly impregnated. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I) is useful in adsorption filters for removing harmful substances from air. Filter efficiency is improved (partic. under fluctuating loads) by filling up the interstices between (IIA) with (IIB).

Description

Adsorptionsfilter zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus der Luft spielen mit steigendem Umweltbewußtsein bzw. Erkennen der mit der Luftverschmutzung verbundenen Gefahren eine immer größer werdende Rolle. Die klassischen Adsorptionsfilter sind meist Schüttfilter, die überwiegend Aktivkohle beinhalten. Daneben stoßen Filter, bei denen Adsorberteilchen an einer Matrix haften, auf vermehrtes Interesse, weil ihr Luftwiderstand um ca. eine Größenordnung geringer ist.Adsorption filter for removal of pollutants from the air play with increasing environmental awareness or recognition with the Air pollution-related dangers become ever-increasing Role. The classical adsorption filters are mostly bulk filters, which contain predominantly activated carbon. Next to them are filters which adsorber particles adhere to a matrix, to increased interest, because their air resistance is about one order of magnitude lower is.

Aus dem EP 01 00 107 sind Adsorptionsfilter bekannt, bei denen ein offen- und großporiger PU-Schaumstoff mit einem Kleber beaufschlagt und anschließend mit Adsorberkügelchen bestreut wird. Das deutsche Patent 37 19 418.6 beschreibt eine Variante, bei der ein derartiger Schaumstoff zuerst mit großen Adsorberkügelchen bestreut wird und anschließend, nach Entfernung des Überschusses, die dazwischen noch vorhandenen freien Wandflächen mit wesentlich kleineren Kügelchen abgedeckt werden. Wegen der zur Verfügung stehenden großen äußeren Oberfläche der Adsorber - hier beginnt die Adsorption - hatte man sich eine bessere Filterleistung erhofft. Voraussetzung war allerdings, daß die kleineren Kügelchen das Adsorbat an die größeren wieder abgegeben.From EP 01 00 107 adsorption filters are known in which an open and large-pored PU foam with an adhesive applied and then sprinkled with Adsorberkügelchen. The German Patent 37 19 418.6 describes a variant in which a such foam initially sprinkled with large Adsorberkügelchen and then, after removal of the excess, the still existing between free wall surfaces with essential smaller spheres are covered. Because of the available large outer surface of the adsorber - here begins the Adsorption - they had hoped for a better filter performance. The prerequisite was, however, that the smaller beads the adsorbate delivered to the larger again.

Leider hat es sich herausgestellt, daß der vorgeschlagene Filter unter Umständen sogar schlechter funktioniert als die bereits bekannten Ausführungen. Der Grund ist folgender: Unter Adsorptionsbedingungen findet so gut wie kein Austausch zwischen kleinen und großen Adsorberkügelchen statt. Wegen der sehr geringen Kapazität sind die kleinen Kügelchen sehr schnell gesättigt und tragen nicht mehr zur Adsorption bei. Sie können jedoch den freien Zugang zu den größeren Kugeln im Basisbereich stören. Unfortunately, it has been found that the proposed filter may even work worse than the ones already known Versions. The reason is as follows: Under adsorption conditions finds as good as no exchange between small and large adsorber beads instead. Because of the very small capacity the small globules are very quickly saturated and wear no longer for adsorption. You can, however, have free access disturb to the larger balls in the base area.  

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß insbesondere bei schwankender Belastung des Filters die Filterleistung verbessert werden kann, wenn zuerst große Adsorberteilchen bzw. Adsorberkügelchen, die die zu adsorbierenden Stoffe sehr stark festhalten, aufgebracht werden und anschließend die noch freien Stellen zwischen den großen Teilchen mit kleinen Teilchen belegt werden, die das Adsorber weniger stark binden. Wenn die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen in der Dampfphase für die kleineren Teilchen bedeutend höher sind als für die größeren Teilchen, ist eine Wanderung des Adsorbats von kleineren nach größeren Teilchen möglich. Bei der Adsorption spielen die Van der Waal'schen-Kräfte zwischen Porenwand und Adsorbat die Hauptrolle. Diese Kräfte sind bei gleicher Molekülmasse am stärksten, wenn die Poren, in denen die Adsorption stattfindet, nur wenig größer als die zu adsorbierenden Moleküle sind. Der Porendurchmesser ist somit ein gutes Mittel, um die Adsorptionskräfte zu steuern. Um den gewünschten Effekt zu erzielen, ist es deshalb am einfachsten, für die großen Adsorberkügelchen Adsorbentien mit kleinen Mikroporen und für die kleinen Adsorberkügelchen solche mit relativ großen Mikroporen zu wählen. Sofern es nicht erforderlich ist, hochabriebfeste kugelförmige Adsorber zu wählen, können Kornkohlen zur Anwendung kommen. Die erforderlichen Unterschiede im Durchmesser der Mikroporen können durch unterschiedliche Ausgangsprodukte (Kokosnußschalen, Buchenholz, Steinkohle usw.), aber auch unterschiedliche thermische Behandlungen (Carbonisierungs- und Aktivierungstemperatur, Dauer, Aktivierungsmethode usw.) erhalten werden. Des weiteren gibt es zwei Arten von hochabriebfesten kugelförmigen Adsorbern: die einen auf Pechbasis, die anderen auf Basis von Styrol/Divinylkopolymere, wie sie zur Herstellung von Ionenaustauschern dienen. Besonders für letztere können durch besondere thermische Nachbehandlungen und insbesondere durch unterschiedliche Verhältnisse der Kopolymere sehr unterschiedliche Porenstrukturen geschaffen werden. Schließlich können die großen und kleinen Adsorber völlig unterschiedliche Materialien (wie z. B. Aktivkohle und hydrophobe Molekularsiebe) sein, besondere Imprägnierungen haben usw. It has now been found that, in particular under fluctuating load the filter's filter performance can be improved if first large adsorber or adsorber beads, the to adsorbing substances very strong hold, be applied and then the vacancies between the big particles be occupied with small particles, the adsorber less bind strongly. When the equilibrium concentrations in the vapor phase for the smaller particles are significantly higher than for the larger particles, is a migration of the adsorbate of smaller possible for larger particles. When adsorption play the Van der Waal's forces between pore wall and adsorbate the Lead role. These forces are strongest at the same molecular mass, if the pores where the adsorption takes place only are little larger than the molecules to be adsorbed. The pore diameter is thus a good means to adsorption to control. Therefore, to achieve the desired effect, it is easiest, for the large adsorber adsorbents with small micropores and for the small adsorbent such with relatively large micropores to choose. Unless required is to choose highly abrasion-resistant spherical adsorbers can Grain coals are used. The required differences in the diameter of the micropores can by different starting materials (Coconut shells, beech, hard coal, etc.), but also different thermal treatments (carbonation and activation temperature, duration, activation method etc.). Furthermore, there are two types of highly abrasion-resistant spherical adsorbers: the one based on pitch, the others based on styrene / divinyl copolymers, as used in the preparation serve ion exchangers. Especially for the latter by special thermal aftertreatments and in particular by different ratios of the copolymers very different Pore structures are created. Finally, you can the big and small adsorbers completely different materials (such as activated carbon and hydrophobic molecular sieves), have special impregnations, etc.  

Die erforderliche Porenstruktur ist von den adsorbierenden Substanzen abhängig. Größere Moleküle, insbesondere wenn man sie zwecks Regenerieren des Filters auch wieder desorbieren möchte, verlangen größere Mikroporen als z. B. flüchtige Substanzen. Hier gelten die üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Richtlinien. Im Sinne der Erfindung ist es jedoch nötig, daß die zwischen den größeren Adsorberteilchen eingelagerten kleinen Adsorberteilchen größere Mikroporendurchmesser aufweisen. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß letztere um mindestens 50% größer als jene der größeren Teilchen sein sollen. Hier stehen dem Fachmann eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung.The required pore structure is of the adsorbing substances dependent. Larger molecules, especially if you use them would like to desorb again in order to regenerate the filter, require larger micropores than z. B. volatile substances. Here apply the usual, known to those skilled guidelines. For the purpose of However, it is necessary for the invention to be that between the larger ones Adsorber adsorbed small Adsorberteilchen larger Have microporous diameter. It turned out that the latter at least 50% larger than those of the larger particles should be. Here are the expert a variety of ways to disposal.

Beispielexample

  • (1) Ein offenporiger, retikulierter PU-Schaum mit 2-3 mm großen Poren wurde mit einem Klebersystem auf Acrylatbasis beaufschlagt und mit kugelförmigen Adsorbern auf Pechbasis (innere Oberfläche 1100 m²/g, Mikroporendurchmesser 10 Å) mit Durchmesser 0,4 bis 0,7 mm beladen: Schaum|60 g/l Kleber 15 g/l Adsorber 150 g/l Mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 0,8 m/sec wurde CCl₄ beinhaltete Luft (5 g/m³) über eine 18 cm dicke Filterschicht geleitet. Die Beladung mit CCl₄ dauerte 10 min, dann wurde 10 min ausgesetzt, dann folgte eine Beladung von 10 min und wieder eine Pause von 10 min usw. Der Abscheidungseffekt betrug 99,9% während mindestens 6 Zyklen.(1) An open-pored reticulated PU foam with 2-3 mm pores was coated with an acrylate-based adhesive system and with spherical pitch-based adsorbers (inner surface 1100 m² / g, micro pore diameter 10 Å) diameter 0.4 to 0, 7 mm loaded: Foam | 60 g / l Glue 15 g / l adsorber 150 g / l With a flow rate of 0.8 m / sec CCl₄ contained air (5 g / m³) was passed over a 18 cm thick filter layer. The loading with CCl₄ took 10 min, then 10 min was then followed by a load of 10 min and again a break of 10 min, etc. The deposition effect was 99.9% for at least 6 cycles.
  • (2) Der gleiche PU-Schaum wurde mit Kleber beaufschlagt wie in (1) und nach Beladen mit den gleichen Adsorberkügelchen (Durchmesser 0,4-0,7 mm) und Entfernung des Überschusses nochmals mit kleinen Adsorberteilchen von ca. 0,05 mm und einem Mikroporendurchmesser von ebenfalls 10 Å bestreut.
    Die Kohlemenge hat sich dabei gegenüber (1) nicht nennenswert erhöht. Der Abscheidungseffekt betrug anfangs 99,95%, fiel aber nach 10 Minuten auf 99,7%.
    (2) Adhesive was applied to the same PU foam as in (1) and after loading with the same adsorbent beads (diameter 0.4-0.7 mm) and removal of the excess again with small adsorber particles of about 0.05 mm and a micropore diameter of also 10 Å.
    The amount of coal has not increased significantly compared to (1). The deposition effect was initially 99.95%, but dropped to 99.7% after 10 minutes.
  • (3) Der Versuch (2) wurde wiederholt, jedoch kam bei der zweiten Beladung (kleine Adsorberteilchen) eine großporige Aktivkohle (Mikroporendurchmesser ca. 18 Å) zur Anwendung. Der Abscheidungseffekt erreichte 99,95% und blieb konstant während der darauffolgenden Zyklen.(3) The experiment (2) was repeated, but came in the second Loading (small Adsorberteilchen) a large-pored activated carbon (Micropore diameter about 18 Å) for use. The deposition effect reached 99.95% and remained constant during the subsequent cycles.

Claims (8)

1. Filtermaterial, bei welchem auf einer Matrix mittels einer Haftschicht Adsorberteilchen angebracht sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen größeren Adsorberteilchen kleinere Adsorberteilchen mit geringerer Adsorptionskraft befinden.1. Filter material in which adsorbent particles are applied to a matrix by means of an adhesive layer, characterized in that there are smaller Adsorberteilchen with lower adsorption between larger adsorber. 2. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Matrix ein offenporiger, retikulierter PU-Schaum ist und die Porendurchmesser 1 bis 3 mm betragen.2. Filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the matrix is an open-pored, reticulated PU foam and the pore diameters are 1 to 3 mm. 3. Filtermaterial nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine der Adsorbertypen kugelförmig ist.3. Filter material according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that at least one of the adsorber types is spherical is. 4. Filtermaterial nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die größeren Adsorberteilchen Durchmesser von 0,4 bis 1 mm aufweisen und die kleineren Adsorberteilchen jeweils mindestens 5mal, bevorzugterweise mindestens 10mal, kleiner sind.4. Filter material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the larger Adsorberteilchen Diameter of 0.4 to 1 mm and the smaller ones Adsorber each at least 5 times, preferably at least 10 times, smaller. 5. Filtermaterial nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Adsorber wenigstens teilweise auf Pechbasis sind.5. Filter material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the adsorber at least are partly pitch-based. 6. Filtermaterial nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Adsorber wenigstens teilweise auf Basis von Kopolymeren aus Styrol und Divinylbenzol sind.6. Filter material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the adsorber at least partly based on copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene are. 7. Filtermaterial nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Adsorber wenigstens teilweise hydrophobe Molekularsiebe sind.7. Filter material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the adsorber at least partially hydrophobic molecular sieves. 8. Filtermaterial nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Adsorber wenigstens teilweise imprägniert sind.8. Filter material according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the adsorber at least partially impregnated.
DE19893925693 1989-08-03 1989-08-03 Adsorption filter material esp. for air purificn. - has larger adsorber particles interspersed with smaller particles of lower adsorptivity, attached to matrix with adhesive Withdrawn DE3925693A1 (en)

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DE19893925693 DE3925693A1 (en) 1989-08-03 1989-08-03 Adsorption filter material esp. for air purificn. - has larger adsorber particles interspersed with smaller particles of lower adsorptivity, attached to matrix with adhesive

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4134222A1 (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-22 Hasso Von Bluecher Air filter for car interiors - consists of porous e.g. polyester fabric covered with preferred type activated carbon@ to remove odour of vehicle exhaust gases
US6083439A (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-07-04 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Polymer-bonded material

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3719418C1 (en) * 1987-06-11 1988-07-21 Sandler Helmut Helsa Werke Process for the production of a filter material

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3719418C1 (en) * 1987-06-11 1988-07-21 Sandler Helmut Helsa Werke Process for the production of a filter material

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4134222A1 (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-22 Hasso Von Bluecher Air filter for car interiors - consists of porous e.g. polyester fabric covered with preferred type activated carbon@ to remove odour of vehicle exhaust gases
DE4134222C2 (en) * 1991-10-16 2002-09-19 Mhb Filtration Gmbh & Co Kg Filters for passenger compartments
US6083439A (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-07-04 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Polymer-bonded material
US6429165B1 (en) 1998-09-25 2002-08-06 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Polymer-bonded material

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