DE3835279A1 - Energy source having a photovoltaic element - Google Patents

Energy source having a photovoltaic element

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Publication number
DE3835279A1
DE3835279A1 DE3835279A DE3835279A DE3835279A1 DE 3835279 A1 DE3835279 A1 DE 3835279A1 DE 3835279 A DE3835279 A DE 3835279A DE 3835279 A DE3835279 A DE 3835279A DE 3835279 A1 DE3835279 A1 DE 3835279A1
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Prior art keywords
energy source
source according
thermocouple
photovoltaic
light
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DE3835279A
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German (de)
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Willi Schickedanz
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Individual
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Priority to DE3835279A priority Critical patent/DE3835279A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric energy source having a photovoltaic element (2) which converts a part of the incident light (7) into electrical energy and transmits a part (8, 9) of this light. The transmitted part (9) of the light is fed to a thermocouple (4) which converts at least part of the light (9) incident on the thermocouple into electrical energy. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Energiequelle nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an energy source according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Die Möglichkeit, elektrischen Strom direkt aus Sonnenenergie herzustellen, gibt es schon seit anderthalb Jahrhunderten, als der Physiker Alexandre Edmond Becquerel den Photoeffekt entdeckte. Der Einsatz dieses Photo­ effekts in der Praxis scheitert jedoch of an den Herstellungskosten der Sonnenzellen sowie an deren kleinem Wirkungsgrad. Photozellen werden deshalb nur dort eingesetzt, wo geringe elektrische Energien benötigt wer­ den, z.B. bei Uhren oder Taschenrechnern, oder dort, wo der Preis keine Rolle spielt, z.B. bei der Stromversorgung von Satelliten im Weltall.The ability to produce electricity directly from solar energy existed for a century and a half when the physicist Alexandre Edmond Becquerel discovered the photo effect. The use of this photo Effect in practice, however, often fails due to the manufacturing costs of the Solar cells and their low efficiency. Become photocells therefore only used where low electrical energy is required the, e.g. for watches or calculators, or where the price is none Role, e.g. in the power supply of satellites in space.

Es wurde bereits eine Energiequelle vorgeschlagen, die Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelt, wobei die von wenigstens einem Thermo- Element erzeugte elektrische Energie wenigstens einem Peltier-Element zugeführt ist (deutsche Patentanmeldung P 37 35 410.8-33). Hierbei wird die von dem Peltier-Element erzeugte Temperatur wenigstens teilweise für die Erhöhung der Temperaturdifferenz am Thermo-Element herangezogen.An energy source has already been proposed, the thermal energy in converts electrical energy, the energy from at least one Element generated electrical energy at least one Peltier element is supplied (German patent application P 37 35 410.8-33). Here will the temperature generated by the Peltier element at least partially used to increase the temperature difference on the thermocouple.

Es ist außerdem bekannt, den Wirkungsgrad photovoltaischer Zellen durch Schichtbauweise auf ca. 30% zu erhöhen (Sandia National Laboratories, DER SPIEGEL Nr. 38/1988 vom 19. September 1988, S. 252 bis 255). Die Wirkungsgraderhöhung wird mittels einer mechanisch geschichteten Vielfach­ kontakt-Photozelle erzielt, die nach dem Sandwich-Prinzip aufgebaut ist. Unter einer Deckhaut von flachen Kunststofflinsen, die das einfallende Sonnenlicht bündeln, liegt eine Schicht nahezu transparenten Galliumarsenids, das Sonnenlicht vom blauen Ende des Spektrums in Strom umwandelt; das längerwellige Licht dringt in die darunterliegende, aus Silizium bestehende Sonnenzellenschicht durch, die auf den restlichen Teil des Spektrums an­ spricht.It is also known to measure the efficiency of photovoltaic cells To increase layer construction to approx. 30% (Sandia National Laboratories, DER SPIEGEL No. 38/1988 of September 19, 1988, pp. 252 to 255). The Efficiency is increased by means of a mechanically layered multiple Contact photocell, which is constructed according to the sandwich principle. Under a cover skin of flat plastic lenses that cover the incident Bundle sunlight, there is a layer of almost transparent gallium arsenide, converts sunlight into electricity from the blue end of the spectrum; the longer-wave light penetrates into the underlying silicon one Solar cell layer by that on the rest of the spectrum speaks.

Nachteilig ist bei diesen bekannten Einrichtungen, daß die sehr langwellige Strahlung sowie die Konvektionswärme schlecht oder gar nicht in elek­ trische Energie umgewandelt wird.A disadvantage of these known devices that the very long-wave Radiation and the convection heat poor or not at all in electrical trical energy is converted.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, sowohl Strahlungsenergie als auch Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln.The invention is based, both radiation energy and the task Convert thermal energy into electrical energy.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in accordance with the features of patent claim 1.

In der Figur ist eine sandwichartig aufgebaute Energiequelle 1 dargestellt, die aus zwei photovoltaischen Elementen 2, 3 und einem elektrisch und thermisch rückgekoppelten thermoelektrischen Element 4 besteht. Auf die Darstellung des einfachsten Falls, bei dem anstelle des Elements 4 ledig­ lich ein Thermoelement mit seiner warmen Lötstelle vorgesehen ist, wurde verzichtet.In the figure, a sandwich-like energy source 1 is shown, which consists of two photovoltaic elements 2 , 3 and an electrically and thermally feedback thermoelectric element 4 . In the simplest case, in which a thermocouple with its warm soldering point is provided instead of element 4 , was dispensed with.

Mit 5 ist eine Deckhaut von flachen Kunststofflinsen bezeichnet, unter der sich das erste photovoltaische Element 2 befindet, das beispielsweise aus nahezu transparentem Galliumarsenid besteht, das Sonnenlicht vom blauen Ende des Spektrums in Strom umwandelt und beispielsweise an eine Batterie 6 abgibt. Das Sonnenlicht, das noch alle Wellenlängen enthält, ist durch die Pfeile 7 dargestellt. Nachdem dieses Sonnenlicht das Element 2 durchlaufen hat, sind die kurzwelligen Wellenlängen in elektrische Ener­ gie umgewandelt und deshalb im gefilterten Licht 8 nicht mehr vorhanden. Dieses gefilterte Licht wird nun auf das zweite photovoltaische Element 3 gegeben, das z.B. aus einem Material besteht, welches das längerwellige Licht 8 in elektrische Energie umwandelt und diese ebenfalls an die Batterie 6 abgibt. Dieses Material kann z.B. aus Silizium bestehen, das aber noch einen Teil von sehr langwelligem Licht 9 durchläßt, das sodann auf das thermoelektrische Element 4 fällt. 5 designates a cover skin of flat plastic lenses, under which there is the first photovoltaic element 2 , which consists, for example, of almost transparent gallium arsenide, which converts sunlight from the blue end of the spectrum into electricity and, for example, emits it to a battery 6 . The sunlight, which still contains all wavelengths, is represented by the arrows 7 . After this sunlight has passed through element 2 , the short-wave wavelengths are converted into electrical energy and therefore no longer exist in the filtered light 8 . This filtered light is now applied to the second photovoltaic element 3 , which consists, for example, of a material which converts the longer-wave light 8 into electrical energy and also emits it to the battery 6 . This material can consist, for example, of silicon, but which still allows part of very long-wave light 9 to pass through, which then falls on the thermoelectric element 4 .

Bei einer vereinfachten Version kann auch direkt unter dem photovolta­ ischen Element 2 ein thermoelektrisches Element 4 vorgesehen sein, und wenn dieses Element 4 noch vereinfacht wird, d.h. nur aus einem Thermo­ element besteht, so setzt sich die elektrische Energiequelle aus dem photo­ voltaischen Element 2 und einem Thermoelement zusammen, wobei die "warme" Lötstelle des Thermoelements mit langwelligem Licht beaufschlagt wird. Diese Lötstelle kann geschwärzt sein, damit keinerlei Lichtreflexionen erfolgen.In a simplified version, a thermoelectric element 4 can also be provided directly under the photovoltaic element 2 , and if this element 4 is simplified, ie consists only of a thermo element, the electrical energy source is composed of the photovoltaic element 2 and a thermocouple, the "warm" soldering point of the thermocouple being exposed to long-wave light. This solder joint can be blackened so that there are no light reflections.

Im Beispiel der Figur ist das thermoelektrische Element 4 eine thermisch und elektrisch rückgekoppelte Kombination aus Peltier-Element und Seebeck-Element, wie es z.B. in der Patentanmeldung P 37 35 410.8 be­ schrieben ist. In the example of the figure, the thermoelectric element 4 is a thermally and electrically feedback combination of Peltier element and Seebeck element, as described, for example, in patent application P 37 35 410.8.

Ein Thermoelement 10 speist mit seiner Ausgangsspannung U Th ein Peltier-Element 11 und bewirkt dadurch, daß sich die Temperaturdifferenz beim Peltier-Element 11 vergrößert. Da jedoch die Temperaturdifferenz beim Thermoelement 10 durch die Einstrahlung des Lichts 9 nicht sehr groß ist, ist die vom Thermoelement 10 erzeugte Spannung U Th nicht sehr groß, wodurch sich auch keine großen Temperaturdifferenzen am Peltier- Element 11 ergeben.A thermocouple 10 feeds a Peltier element 11 with its output voltage U Th and thereby causes the temperature difference in the Peltier element 11 to increase. However, since the temperature difference in the thermocouple 10 due to the irradiation of the light 9 is not very large, the voltage U Th generated by the thermocouple 10 is not very large, as a result of which there are no large temperature differences on the Peltier element 11 .

Bei der Anordnung gemäß der Figur sind die warmen Platten 12, 13 des Peltier-Elements 10 nach oben geklappt, so daß sie auf der warmen Platte 14 des Thermoelements 10 aufliegen. Die kalte Platte 15 des Peltier-Ele­ ments 11 ist vergrößert, damit die Schenkel 16, 17 das Thermoelement 10 umgreifen können.In the arrangement according to the figure, the warm plates 12 , 13 of the Peltier element 10 are folded up so that they rest on the warm plate 14 of the thermocouple 10 . The cold plate 15 of the Peltier element 11 is enlarged so that the legs 16 , 17 can grip around the thermocouple 10 .

Die kalten Platten 18, 19 des Thermoelements 10 sind mit der kalten Platte 15 des Peltier-Elements 11 und die warme Platte 14 des Thermo­ elements 10 mit den warmen Platten 12, 13 des Peltier-Elements 11 thermisch gekoppelt. Die von dem Thermoelement 10 erzeugte Spannung U Th liegt sowohl an den Platten 12, 13 des Peltier-Elements 11 als auch an der Batterie 6 an.The cold plates 18, 19 of the thermocouple 10 are connected to the cold plate 15 of the Peltier element 11 and the hot plate 14 of the thermal elements 10 of the Peltier element 11 thermally coupled to the hot plates 12,. 13 The voltage U Th generated by the thermocouple 10 is present both on the plates 12 , 13 of the Peltier element 11 and on the battery 6 .

Zwischen den einzelnen Platten 12, 13, 14; 18, 19, 15 sind thermisch gut leitende elektrische lsolatoren 20 bis 23 vorgesehen. Außerdem ist der untere Bereich der Anordnung gegen den oberen Bereich thermisch isoliert, beispielsweise durch eine Ummantelung 24 aus Styropor. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Temperaturdifferenz zu erhöhen. In entsprechender Weise könnte auch der obere Teil des Elements 4 isoliert werden und der untere Teil frei bleiben.Between the individual plates 12 , 13 , 14 ; 18 , 19 , 15 , electrically insulators 20 to 23 with good thermal conductivity are provided. In addition, the lower region of the arrangement is thermally insulated from the upper region, for example by a jacket 24 made of polystyrene. This makes it possible to increase the temperature difference. The upper part of the element 4 could also be isolated in a corresponding manner and the lower part could remain free.

Die thermische Energie, die in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird, wird aus der Umgebungsluft abgesogen und/oder in Form von langwelliger Strah­ lung auf die Platten 12, 13, 14 aufgebracht.The thermal energy that is converted into electrical energy is extracted from the ambient air and / or in the form of long-wave radiation applied to the plates 12 , 13 , 14 .

Claims (12)

1. Energiequelle mit einem photovoltaischen Element, das einen Teil des auftreffenden Lichts in elektrische Energie umwandelt und einen Teil dieses Lichts durchläßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der durchgelassene Teil des Lichts einem Thermoelement zugeführt wird, das wenigstens einen Teil des auf das Thermoelement auftreffenden Lichts in elektrische Energie um­ wandelt.1. Energy source with a photovoltaic element which converts part of the incident light into electrical energy and transmits part of this light, characterized in that the transmitted part of the light is fed to a thermocouple, which at least a part of the light incident on the thermocouple in converts electrical energy. 2. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von dem photovoltaischen Element und von dem Thermoelement erzeugten elektri­ schen Spannungen parallelgeschaltet sind.2. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the of the photovoltaic element and electri generated by the thermocouple voltages are connected in parallel. 3. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der von dem photovoltaischen Element durchgelassene Teil des Lichts auf diejenige Stelle des Thermoelements trifft, welche der höheren Temperatur bei einem nach dem Seebeck-Effekt arbeitenden Thermoelement entspricht.3. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the of part of the light let through to the photovoltaic element The point of the thermocouple that meets the higher temperature corresponds to a thermocouple working according to the Seebeck effect. 4. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste photovoltaische Schicht (2) vorgesehen ist, die Licht vom blauen Ende des Spektrums in Strom umwandelt und die aus nahezu transparentem Gallium­ arsenid besteht, und daß dieser ersten photovoltaischen Schicht (2) eine zweite photovoltaische Schicht (3) nachgeschaltet ist, die aus Silizium besteht und längerwelliges Licht in elektrischen Strom umwandelt.4. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that a first photovoltaic layer ( 2 ) is provided, which converts light from the blue end of the spectrum into electricity and which consists of almost transparent gallium arsenide, and that this first photovoltaic layer ( 2 ) one second photovoltaic layer ( 3 ) is connected, which consists of silicon and converts longer-wave light into electrical current. 5. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ersten photovoltaischen Schicht eine lichtsammelnde Vorrichtung (5) vorge­ schaltet ist.5. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the first photovoltaic layer is a light-collecting device ( 5 ) is switched on. 6. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von einer photovoltaischen Schicht (2 und/oder 3) erzeugte elektrische Spannung einem Peltier-Element (11) zugeführt ist, das mit einem Thermo-Element (10) thermisch gekoppelt ist.6. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical voltage generated by a photovoltaic layer ( 2 and / or 3 ) is fed to a Peltier element ( 11 ) which is thermally coupled to a thermal element ( 10 ). 7. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von einer photovoltaischen Schicht (2 und/oder 3) erzeugte elektrische Spannung einem Peltier-Element (11) zugeführt ist, das mit einem Thermo-Element (10) elektrisch gekoppelt ist.7. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical voltage generated by a photovoltaic layer ( 2 and / or 3 ) is fed to a Peltier element ( 11 ) which is electrically coupled to a thermal element ( 10 ). 8. Energiequelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von einer photovoltaischen Schicht (2 und/oder 3) erzeugte Spannung einem Peltier-Element (11) zugeführt ist, das mit einem Thermo-Element (10) thermisch und elektrisch gekoppelt ist.8. Energy source according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage generated by a photovoltaic layer ( 2 and / or 3 ) is fed to a Peltier element ( 11 ) which is thermally and electrically coupled to a thermocouple ( 10 ). 9. Energiequelle nach einem oder mehreren der vorangegangenen An­ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von dem Thermo-Element (10) erzeugte elektrische Energie wenigstens einem Peltier-Element (11) zuge­ führt ist, wobei die von dem Peltier-Element (11) erzeugte Temperatur­ differenz wenigstens teilweise für die Erhöhung der Temperaturdifferenz am Thermo-Element (11) herangezogen wird.9. Energy source according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical energy generated by the thermal element ( 10 ) leads to at least one Peltier element ( 11 ), the Peltier element ( 11 ) generated temperature difference is used at least partially for increasing the temperature difference on the thermocouple ( 11 ). 10. Energiequelle nach einem oder nach mehreren der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unter einem photovoltaischen Element (2 und/oder 3) angeordnete thermoelektrische Vorrichtung (z. B. 4) auf ihrer Oberfläche geschwärzt ist. 10. Energy source according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arranged under a photovoltaic element ( 2 and / or 3 ) thermoelectric device (z. B. 4 ) is blackened on its surface. 11. Energiequelle nach einem oder mehreren der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von dem Peltier-Element (11) erzeugte Kälte für die Kühlung der photovoltaischen Elemente (2, 3) verwendet wird.11. Energy source according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cold generated by the Peltier element ( 11 ) is used for cooling the photovoltaic elements ( 2 , 3 ). 12. Energiequelle nach einem oder nach mehreren der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die photovoltaischen Elemente (2, 3) und das thermoelektrische Element (4) sandwichartig zusammen­ gepackt sind.12. Energy source according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic elements ( 2 , 3 ) and the thermoelectric element ( 4 ) are packed together like a sandwich.
DE3835279A 1988-10-15 1988-10-15 Energy source having a photovoltaic element Withdrawn DE3835279A1 (en)

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Cited By (9)

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DE4131393A1 (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-05-21 Flachglas Solartechnik Gmbh Structural units, esp. facade elements
GR1000813B (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-01-25 Nikolaos Zeliotis Pyrophotovoltaic system
DE9419371U1 (en) * 1994-12-05 1995-03-09 Zimmermann Johann Dipl Ing Solar generator
EP0649587A1 (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-04-26 Motorola, Inc. Improved portable power source and rf tag utilizing same
GB2321338B (en) * 1997-01-18 2002-02-13 Peter King A differential voltage cell
EP2099079A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-09 Stichting IMEC Nederland Hybrid energy scavenger comprising thermopile unit and photovoltaic cells
CN101951196A (en) * 2010-09-25 2011-01-19 蒋建华 Solar photovoltaic-thermoelectric integrated device
EP2009709A3 (en) * 2007-06-29 2011-05-18 Gerhard Span Thermo-electric element
DE102010003222A1 (en) * 2010-03-24 2011-11-17 Uwe Peter Braun Optical system for use in power generation application, has divider edge surfaces that are provided to form border between biconcave lenses which are arranged adjacent to each other

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DE4131393A1 (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-05-21 Flachglas Solartechnik Gmbh Structural units, esp. facade elements
GR1000813B (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-01-25 Nikolaos Zeliotis Pyrophotovoltaic system
EP0649587A1 (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-04-26 Motorola, Inc. Improved portable power source and rf tag utilizing same
EP0649587A4 (en) * 1993-03-31 1996-07-03 Motorola Inc Improved portable power source and rf tag utilizing same.
DE9419371U1 (en) * 1994-12-05 1995-03-09 Zimmermann Johann Dipl Ing Solar generator
GB2321338B (en) * 1997-01-18 2002-02-13 Peter King A differential voltage cell
EP2009709A3 (en) * 2007-06-29 2011-05-18 Gerhard Span Thermo-electric element
US8373057B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2013-02-12 Gerhard Span Thermoelectric element
US8766083B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2014-07-01 Gerhard Span Thermoelectric element
EP2099079A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-09 Stichting IMEC Nederland Hybrid energy scavenger comprising thermopile unit and photovoltaic cells
DE102010003222A1 (en) * 2010-03-24 2011-11-17 Uwe Peter Braun Optical system for use in power generation application, has divider edge surfaces that are provided to form border between biconcave lenses which are arranged adjacent to each other
CN101951196A (en) * 2010-09-25 2011-01-19 蒋建华 Solar photovoltaic-thermoelectric integrated device

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