DE3807056A1 - Brake system for vehicles - Google Patents

Brake system for vehicles

Info

Publication number
DE3807056A1
DE3807056A1 DE19883807056 DE3807056A DE3807056A1 DE 3807056 A1 DE3807056 A1 DE 3807056A1 DE 19883807056 DE19883807056 DE 19883807056 DE 3807056 A DE3807056 A DE 3807056A DE 3807056 A1 DE3807056 A1 DE 3807056A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
brake
brake system
sensors
control device
vehicles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19883807056
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Juergen Schonlau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ITT Automotive Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
Alfred Teves GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfred Teves GmbH filed Critical Alfred Teves GmbH
Priority to DE19883807056 priority Critical patent/DE3807056A1/en
Publication of DE3807056A1 publication Critical patent/DE3807056A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D57/00—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders
    • F16D57/002—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders comprising a medium with electrically or magnetically controlled internal friction, e.g. electrorheological fluid, magnetic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/08—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels using fluid or powdered medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/171—Detecting parameters used in the regulation; Measuring values used in the regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D57/00—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders
    • F16D57/04—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders with blades causing a directed flow, e.g. Föttinger type

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

In order to create a brake system for vehicles with antilock and/or traction control, which have sensors (10) for sensing the rotational behaviour of the wheels (5) and an electronic control device (11) connected to the sensors, which has a simple construction and manages without expensive pump and valves, it is proposed that each brakable wheel (5) be provided with a hydrodynamic brake, containing an electrorheological brake fluid, which is situated in a controllable electric potential field, which can be controlled on the one hand by a potentiometer (2), operatable by the driver, and on the other by control signals of the electronic control device (11). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bremsanlage für Fahrzeuge mit Blockierschutz und/oder Antriebsschlupfregelung mit Sensoren zum Sensieren des Drehverhaltens der Räder und mit einer mit den Sensoren verbundenen elektronischen Steuereinrichtung.The invention relates to a brake system for vehicles Blockage protection and / or traction control with Sensors for sensing the turning behavior of the wheels and with an electronic one connected to the sensors Control device.

Derartige bereits zum Stand der Technik zählende Brems­ anlagen sind stets mit einer Vielzahl von teuren, meist elektromagnetisch schaltbaren Regelventilen versehen, welche durch die elektronische Steuereinrichtung bestätigt werden. Des weiteren ist zumindest im Regelmodus eine Druckmittelpumpe nötig.Such a brake which already belongs to the prior art plants are always with a variety of expensive, mostly provided electromagnetically switchable control valves, which is confirmed by the electronic control device will. Furthermore, at least in the control mode Pressure medium pump necessary.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde ein gattungsgemäßes Bremssystem zu schaffen, welches einfach aufgebaut ist und dabei ohne kostenintensive Druckmittel­ pumpe und Steuerventile auskommt.The invention is therefore based on the object Generic brake system to create, which is simple is built up and without expensive pressure medium pump and control valves gets along.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß jedes bremsbare Rad mit einer hydrodynamischen Strömungsbremse versehen ist, die eine elektrorheologische Betriebsflüssigkeit enthält, welche sich in einem regel­ baren elektrischen Spannungsfeld befindet, das zum einen durch ein vom Fahrer betätigbares Potentiometer und zum anderen durch Steuersignale der elektronischen Steuer­ signaleinrichtung steuerbar ist. Durch die erfindungs­ gemäße Lösung wird eine Bremsanlage geschaffen, die mit einem besonders geringen Energiebedarf behaftet ist, da zum Verändern der Viskosität der rheologischen Betriebs­ flüssigkeit bereits sehr geringe Stromdichten ausreichen. This object is achieved in that each brakeable wheel with a hydrodynamic Flow brake is provided, which is an electrorheological Contains operating fluid, which is a rule baren electrical voltage field is, on the one hand through a potentiometer that can be operated by the driver and others through electronic control signals signaling device is controllable. Through the fiction appropriate solution, a braking system is created with has a particularly low energy requirement, because to change the viscosity of the rheological operation liquid very low current densities are sufficient.  

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Strömungsbremse nach dem Prinzip der Föttinger-Kupplung ausgebildet ist. Dadurch das die Sensoren im Gehäuse der Strömungsbremse angeordnet sind und das Drehverhalten eines Pumpenrades sensieren, sind Störungen des Sensorsignales durch äußere Einflüsse ausge­ schlossen. Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß ein Temperatursensor die Temperatur des elektrorheologischen Betriebsmittels sensiert und der Temperaturkompensation der Regelung dient. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale sowie die Funktion der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung anhand Zeichnung.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides before that the flow brake on the principle of Föttinger coupling is formed. Because of that the Sensors are arranged in the housing of the flow brake and sense the turning behavior of a pump wheel Faults in the sensor signal due to external influences closed. In a further advantageous embodiment of the The invention provides that a temperature sensor Temperature of the electrorheological equipment senses and the temperature compensation of the control serves. Other advantageous features and the function the invention will become apparent from the following Description based on drawing.

Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch an einer Radbremse den prinzipiellen Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Bremssystems.The only figure shows schematically on a wheel brake basic structure of the brake system according to the invention.

Ein Potentiometer 1, welches durch das Bremspedal ansteuerbar ist, ist elektrisch mit dem Spannungsregler 2 verbunden, welcher zum einen mit einer Spannungsquelle in Verbindung steht und zum andern über den Kontakt 3 an das angeschlossen ist. Im Gehäuse 4 ist das Rad 5 mittels der Achse 6 gelagert, wobei an dem in das Gehäuse ragenden Ende der Achse 6 ein Pumpenrad 7 befestigt ist. Das Pumpenrad 7 ist radial abgedichtet und begrenzt zusammen mit der Gehäusewand 8 den Flüssigkeitsraum 9. Das Pumpenrad 7 sowie die Gehäusewand 8 sind auf ihren dem Flüssigkeitsraum zugewandten Seiten mit schaufelförmigen Ausnehmungen versehen, um einen Flüssigkeitsumlauf gemäß dem Föttinger-Prinzip zu gewährleisten. Um diesen Flüssigkeitsumlauf zu erzeugen, dreht sich das Pumpenrad 7 mit der Raddrehzahl, während das Gehäuse 4 und die Gehäusewand 8, welche durch die Fahrwerksaufhängung mit dem gefederten Teil des Fahrzeuges verbunden sind, drehfest ist.A potentiometer 1 , which can be controlled by the brake pedal, is electrically connected to the voltage regulator 2 , which is connected to a voltage source on the one hand and is connected to the other via the contact 3 . The wheel 5 is mounted in the housing 4 by means of the axle 6 , a pump wheel 7 being fastened to the end of the axle 6 projecting into the housing. The pump wheel 7 is radially sealed and, together with the housing wall 8, delimits the liquid space 9 . The pump wheel 7 and the housing wall 8 are provided on their sides facing the liquid space with scoop-shaped recesses in order to ensure a liquid circulation according to the Föttinger principle. In order to generate this liquid circulation, the pump wheel 7 rotates at the wheel speed, while the housing 4 and the housing wall 8 , which are connected to the sprung part of the vehicle by the suspension, are rotationally fixed.

Durch die Rotation des Pumpenrades 7 in der elektrorheologischen Betriebsflüssigkeit, mit welcher der Flüssigkeitsraum 9 gefüllt ist, entsteht ein Bremsmoment, dessen Höhe im wesentlichen von der Pumpenraddrehzahl sowie von der Viskosität der Betriebsflüssigkeit abhängt.The rotation of the pump wheel 7 in the electrorheological operating fluid with which the liquid space 9 is filled creates a braking torque, the level of which essentially depends on the pump wheel speed and on the viscosity of the operating fluid.

Zur Regelung des Bremsmomentes wird die Eigenschaft des elektrorheologischen Stoffes genutzt, bei hohen elektrischen Spannungsgradienten (und niedrigen Stromdichten) aus dem leichtflüssigen Zustand zu einer hochviskosen bis festen Konsistenz überzugehen. Die Viskosität der elektrorheologischen Betriebsflüssigkeit wird über ein elektrisches Spannungsfeld geregelt, welches vom Spannungsregler 2 über den Kontakt 3 im Flüssigkeitsraum 9 erzeugt wird.The property of the electrorheological substance is used to regulate the braking torque, in the case of high electrical voltage gradients (and low current densities) to change from the fluid state to a highly viscous to solid consistency. The viscosity of the electrorheological operating fluid is regulated via an electrical voltage field which is generated by the voltage regulator 2 via the contact 3 in the fluid space 9 .

Der Sensor 10, welcher im Gehäuse 4 angeordnet ist und im Zusammenwirken mit dem Pumpenrad 7 ein Signal über das Drehverhalten der Achse 6 bzw. des Rades 5 liefert, ist mit der elektronischen Steuereinrichtung 11 verbunden. Die elektronische Steuereinrichtung 11 enthält die gesamte Regelungslogik und erzeugt ein Steuerignal für den Spannungsregler 2. Bei Blockierneigung wird daher die Spannung am Kontakt 3 herabgesetzt, während sie ansonsten durch das Ausgangssignal des Potentiometers 1 bestimmt ist. The sensor 10 , which is arranged in the housing 4 and, in cooperation with the pump wheel 7, supplies a signal about the rotational behavior of the axis 6 or the wheel 5 , is connected to the electronic control device 11 . The electronic control device 11 contains the entire control logic and generates a control signal for the voltage regulator 2 . If there is a tendency to lock, the voltage at contact 3 is therefore reduced, while it is otherwise determined by the output signal of potentiometer 1 .

Die temperaturabhängige Viskositätsänderung wird durch den Spannungsregler 2, der mit einem Temperatursensor 12 verbunden ist, welcher die Temperatur der Betriebsflüssigkeit überwacht, ausgeglichen.The temperature-dependent change in viscosity is compensated for by the voltage regulator 2 , which is connected to a temperature sensor 12 , which monitors the temperature of the operating fluid.

Durch entsprechende Abstimmung der Steuerlogik in der elektronischen Steuereinrichtung 11 ist es möglich, mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Bremssystem auch den Bremseingriff während einer Antriebsschlupfregelung zu steuern.By appropriate coordination of the control logic in the electronic control device 11 , it is possible to control the brake intervention during traction control with the brake system according to the invention.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

 1  Potentiometer
 2  Spannungsregler
 3  Kontakt
 4  Gehäuse
 5  Rad
 6  Achse
 7  Pumpenrad
 8  Gehäusewand
 9  Flüssigkeitsraum
10  Sensor
11  elektronische Steuereinrichtung
12  Temperatursensor 1 potentiometer
2 voltage regulators
3 contact
4 housing
5 wheel
6 axis
7 impeller
8 housing wall
9 liquid space
10 sensor
11 electronic control device
12 temperature sensor

Claims (4)

1. Bremsanlage für Fahrzeuge mit Blockierschutz und/oder Antriebsschlupfregelung, mit Sensoren zum Sensieren des Drehverhaltens der Räder und einer mit den Sensoren verbundenen elektronischen Steuerein­ richtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes bremsbare Rad mit einer hydrodynamischen Strömungsbremse versehen ist, die eine elektro­ rheologische Betriebsflüssigkeit enthält, welche sich in einem regelbaren elektrischen Spannungsfeld befindet, das zum einen durch ein vom Fahrer betätigbares Potentiometer (1) und zum anderen durch Steuersignale der elektronischen Steuereinrichtung (11) steuerbar ist.1. Brake system for vehicles with anti-lock protection and / or traction control, with sensors for sensing the rotational behavior of the wheels and an electronic control device connected to the sensors, characterized in that each brakable wheel is provided with a hydrodynamic flow brake which contains an electro-rheological operating fluid Which is located in a controllable electrical voltage field which can be controlled on the one hand by a potentiometer ( 1 ) which can be actuated by the driver and on the other hand by control signals from the electronic control device ( 11 ). 2. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Strömungsbremse nach dem Prinzip der Föttinger-Kupplung ausgeführt ist.2. Brake system according to claim 1, characterized records that the flow brake after the Principle of the Föttinger coupling is executed. 3. Bremsanlage für Fahrzeuge nach einem der vorhergehen­ den Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensoren (10) im Gehäuse (4) der Strömungs­ bremse angeordnet sind und daß Drehverhalten eines Pumpenrades (7) sensieren. 3. Brake system for vehicles according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensors ( 10 ) in the housing ( 4 ) of the flow brake are arranged and that sense of rotation of a pump wheel ( 7 ). 4. Bremsanlage für Fahrzeuge nach einem der vorhergehen­ den Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Temperatursensor (12) die Temperatur der elektrorheologischen Betriebsflüssigkeit sensiert und der Temperaturkompensation der Regelung dient.4. Brake system for vehicles according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature sensor ( 12 ) senses the temperature of the electrorheological operating fluid and is used for temperature compensation of the control.
DE19883807056 1988-03-04 1988-03-04 Brake system for vehicles Withdrawn DE3807056A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883807056 DE3807056A1 (en) 1988-03-04 1988-03-04 Brake system for vehicles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883807056 DE3807056A1 (en) 1988-03-04 1988-03-04 Brake system for vehicles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3807056A1 true DE3807056A1 (en) 1989-09-14

Family

ID=6348837

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19883807056 Withdrawn DE3807056A1 (en) 1988-03-04 1988-03-04 Brake system for vehicles

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3807056A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4010215A1 (en) * 1990-03-27 1990-11-22 Manfred Bocian Vehicle impulsive brake using electrohydraulic discharge - exerts force on brake drum by application of shoe coupled to piston displaced by pressure wave
WO1992012880A1 (en) * 1991-01-15 1992-08-06 Alfred Teves Gmbh Wheel brake subassembly for modular braking systems
FR2710954A1 (en) * 1993-10-05 1995-04-14 Deutsche Aerospace Electro-hydraulic actuator, especially for an anti-lock hydraulic braking system.
FR2826425A1 (en) * 2001-06-21 2002-12-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Valve for electro-rheological fluid used in anti-lock braking installation in motor vehicle, uses tension applied to electrodes that define passage for fluid to control fluid flow through valve
EP1832779A1 (en) * 2006-03-10 2007-09-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Electrorheological inertia brake
DE102010010222A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Hydrodynamic retarder and method of operating a hydrodynamic retarder
CN112477826A (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-12 诸暨市万商机械有限公司 Intelligent device for controlling automobile braking duration by using rheological body characteristic

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1555429A1 (en) * 1963-07-11 1969-11-06 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Combined turbo and friction brake with adjustable throttle devices and their control elements
DE2064562A1 (en) * 1969-12-31 1971-07-15 Fiat Societa Per Azioni, Turin (Italien) Anti-skid braking system
DE3431823A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-03-13 Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Servo device, especially for a motor vehicle brake system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1555429A1 (en) * 1963-07-11 1969-11-06 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Combined turbo and friction brake with adjustable throttle devices and their control elements
DE2064562A1 (en) * 1969-12-31 1971-07-15 Fiat Societa Per Azioni, Turin (Italien) Anti-skid braking system
DE3431823A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-03-13 Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Servo device, especially for a motor vehicle brake system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4010215A1 (en) * 1990-03-27 1990-11-22 Manfred Bocian Vehicle impulsive brake using electrohydraulic discharge - exerts force on brake drum by application of shoe coupled to piston displaced by pressure wave
WO1992012880A1 (en) * 1991-01-15 1992-08-06 Alfred Teves Gmbh Wheel brake subassembly for modular braking systems
US5429425A (en) * 1991-01-15 1995-07-04 Alfred Teves Gmbh Wheel brake unit for a modular brake system
FR2710954A1 (en) * 1993-10-05 1995-04-14 Deutsche Aerospace Electro-hydraulic actuator, especially for an anti-lock hydraulic braking system.
FR2826425A1 (en) * 2001-06-21 2002-12-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Valve for electro-rheological fluid used in anti-lock braking installation in motor vehicle, uses tension applied to electrodes that define passage for fluid to control fluid flow through valve
EP1832779A1 (en) * 2006-03-10 2007-09-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Electrorheological inertia brake
DE102010010222A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Hydrodynamic retarder and method of operating a hydrodynamic retarder
WO2011107240A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-09 Voith Patent Gmbh Hydrodynamic retarder and method for operating a hydrodynamic retarder
CN102947146A (en) * 2010-03-03 2013-02-27 沃依特专利有限责任公司 Hydrodynamic retarder and method for operating a hydrodynamic retarder
CN102947146B (en) * 2010-03-03 2015-10-07 福伊特专利有限公司 Hydrodynamic retarder and the method for running hydrodynamic retarder
CN112477826A (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-12 诸暨市万商机械有限公司 Intelligent device for controlling automobile braking duration by using rheological body characteristic

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Legal Events

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OM8 Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law
8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: ITT AUTOMOTIVE EUROPE GMBH, 60488 FRANKFURT, DE

8141 Disposal/no request for examination