DE3740675A1 - Method for optimised injection of ammonia into selectively catalytic reactors - Google Patents

Method for optimised injection of ammonia into selectively catalytic reactors

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Publication number
DE3740675A1
DE3740675A1 DE19873740675 DE3740675A DE3740675A1 DE 3740675 A1 DE3740675 A1 DE 3740675A1 DE 19873740675 DE19873740675 DE 19873740675 DE 3740675 A DE3740675 A DE 3740675A DE 3740675 A1 DE3740675 A1 DE 3740675A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
load
ammonia
fluctuations
catalytic reactors
dependent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19873740675
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Dipl Ing Scherer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOELL-KRC UMWELTTECHNIK GMBH, 8700 WUERZBURG, DE
Original Assignee
KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Application filed by KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH filed Critical KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH
Priority to DE19873740675 priority Critical patent/DE3740675A1/en
Publication of DE3740675A1 publication Critical patent/DE3740675A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/008Feed or outlet control devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625Nitrogen oxides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The method for optimised injection of ammonia into selectively catalytic reactors in order to remove NOx from flue gases through a plurality of nozzles at a plurality of points of a grid works in such a way, that the individual nozzles are controlled in a quasi-continuous manner in accordance with previously determined plant-specific, load-dependent flow profiles of the flue gas. In addition, load-dependent fluctuations of the NOx load and, if desired, actually measured fluctuations of the NOx load can be taken into account.

Description

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur optimierten Eindüsung von Ammoniak in selektiv-kata­ lytische Reaktoren zur Entfernung von NO X aus Rauchga­ sen durch mehrere Düsen an mehreren Punkten eines Git­ ters.The present invention relates to a method for the optimized injection of ammonia into selective catalytic reactors for removing NO x from Rauchga sen through several nozzles at several points of a grid.

Bei der Entfernung von NO X aus Rauchgasen durch Eindü­ sen von Ammoniak in selektiv-katalytische Reaktoren besteht das Problem, daß die Ammoniakmenge in Abhängig­ keit der NO X -Menge eingedüst werden sollte, da nur bei einem optimalen Verhältnis zwischen Ammoniak und NO X eine optimale Reduktion der NO X -Werte möglich ist. Bei Eindüsung zu hoher Ammoniakwerte entsteht ein zu hoher Schlupf, der ebenfalls nicht akzeptiert werden kann. Es hat sich weiterhin gezeigt, daß es notwendig ist, das eingedüste Ammoniak möglichst gleichmäßig mit den Rauch­ gasen zu vermischen. Bei den großen Durchmessern der Rauchgaskanäle ist dies nur noch möglich, wenn man das Ammoniak durch mehrere Düsen an mehreren Punkten eines Gitters eindüst und darüber hinaus durch Leitbleche für eine ausreichende Gleichverteilung sorgt. Dennoch beob­ achtet man anlagenspezifische und lastabhängige Strö­ mungsprofile des Rauchgases und der Ammoniakkonzentra­ tion im Rauchgas. Auch dies führt zu geringerer Wirk­ samkeit der selektiv-katalytischen Reaktoren einerseits und erhöhtem Schlupf an Ammoniak andererseits.When removing NO x from flue gases by injecting ammonia into selective catalytic reactors, there is the problem that the amount of ammonia should be injected depending on the amount of NO x , since an optimal ratio between ammonia and NO x is optimal Reduction of the NO x values is possible. If ammonia values are injected that are too high, the slip will be too high and cannot be accepted either. It has also been shown that it is necessary to mix the ammonia injected as evenly as possible with the smoke gases. With the large diameters of the flue gas ducts, this is only possible if the ammonia is injected through several nozzles at several points on a grid and, in addition, through baffles, to ensure adequate uniform distribution. Nevertheless, system-specific and load-dependent flow profiles of the flue gas and the ammonia concentration in the flue gas are observed. This also leads to less effectiveness of the selective catalytic reactors on the one hand and increased slip of ammonia on the other hand.

Die Erfindung hat sich daher die Aufgabe gestellt, die Eindüsung von Ammoniak in derartige selektiv-katalyti­ sche Reaktoren zur Entfernung von NO X aus Rauchgasen zu optimieren, indem die Ammoniakmenge an jedem einzelnen Gitterpunkt von Düsen geregelt wird. The invention is therefore based on the task of optimizing the injection of ammonia into such selective-catalytic reactors for removing NO x from flue gases by regulating the amount of ammonia at each individual grid point of nozzles.

Diese Aufgabe kann dadurch gelöst werden, daß die ein­ zelnen Düsen quasi-kontinuierlich geregelt werden gemäß zuvor ermittelter anlagenspezifischer, lastabhängiger Strömungsprofile des Rauchgases. Anstelle der bisher üblichen fest eingestellten Dosierventile an den ein­ zelnen Gitterpunkten wird erfindungsgemäß jede Düse mit einem Dosierventil versehen, welches frei wählbar ein­ gestellt werden kann. Die Regelung dieser Dosierventile erfolgt entsprechend der vorliegenden Erfindung gemäß zuvor ermittelter anlagenspezifischer, lastabhängiger Strömungsprofile des Rauchgases, so daß zumindest die Datenunterschiede bezüglich der Vermischung und Beauf­ schlagung der selektiv-katalytischen Reaktoren in Ab­ hängigkeit der Last weitgehend ausgeglichen werden.This problem can be solved in that the one individual nozzles are controlled quasi-continuously according to previously determined plant-specific, load-dependent Flow profiles of the flue gas. Instead of the previously usual fixed dosing valves to the one According to the invention, each nozzle is provided with individual grid points a metering valve, which can be freely selected can be put. The regulation of these metering valves takes place in accordance with the present invention previously determined plant-specific, load-dependent Flow profiles of the flue gas, so that at least the Differences in data regarding mixing and mixing Beat the selective catalytic reactors in Ab dependence of the load can be largely compensated.

Die Eindüsung von Ammoniak kann darüber hinaus noch weiter optimiert werden, indem die Regelung zusätzlich lastabhängige Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung berücksich­ tigt. Derartige lastabhängige Schwankungen der NO X -Be­ lastung können durch entsprechende Meßreihen analytisch verfolgt und als weitere feste anlagenspezifische Werte bei der Regelung berücksichtigt werden.The injection of ammonia can be also further optimized it by the regulation also load-dependent fluctuations in the NO X -load Untitled into account. Such load-dependent variations in the NO X -Be utilization can be monitored analytically by corresponding measurement series and considered as a further solid plant-specific values in the control.

Schließlich ist es erfindungsgemäß möglich, die während des Betriebes gemessenen Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung bei der Regelung zu berücksichtigen. Diese analytisch ermittelten Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung können der erfindungsgemäßen Regelung durch einen Prozeßrechner zugeführt werden und dadurch eine weitere Optimierung der Eindüsung von Ammoniak herbeiführen. Selbstverständ­ lich wird auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, wie bei den Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik, die Ge­ samtmenge an Ammoniak abhängig gemacht von der gefor­ derten minimalen Konzentration von Ammoniak im gerei­ nigten Rauchgas. Der Schlupf an Ammoniak muß somit stets unterhalb der geforderten Maximalkonzentration von Ammoniak im gereinigten Rauchgas bleiben. Im Zwei­ felsfall wird eher eine zu hohe Menge von NO X im Rauch­ gas akzeptiert als eine zu hohe Menge an Ammoniak.Finally, it is possible according to the invention to take into account the fluctuations in the NO x load measured during operation in the control. These analytically determined fluctuations in the NO x load can be fed to the control according to the invention by a process computer and thereby bring about a further optimization of the injection of ammonia. Of course, the total amount of ammonia is made dependent on the required minimum concentration of ammonia in the cleaned flue gas in the method according to the invention, as in the method according to the prior art. The slip of ammonia must therefore always remain below the required maximum concentration of ammonia in the cleaned flue gas. In the case of doubt, an excessive amount of NO X in the flue gas is accepted rather than an excessive amount of ammonia.

Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird somit eine Matrix erstellt, wobei in der x-Richtung die Last und in der y-Richtung eine frei wählbare Stellgrö­ ße des Dosierventils gewählt wird. Durch die quasi-kon­ tinuierliche Regelung wird somit der Drosselkegel des Dosierventils entsprechend der Last nachgestellt, je­ doch innerhalb der vorgegebenen Hysterese nicht durch einen Regelvorgang, sondern durch einen Steuervorgang. Durch dieses Verfahren ist es möglich, Armaturen zu verwenden, die relativ einfach gebaut sind. Es ist auch nicht nötig, eine Vielzahl von elektronischen oder pneu­ matischen Reglern einzusetzen. Da die Ventile jeweils auf feste Hubstellungen fahren, ist die Optimierung sehr einfach. Schwingungsvorgänge wie bei kontinuier­ lichen Reglern treten nahezu nicht auf. Schließlich ist es möglich, auch während der An- und Abfahrphasen und im späteren Betrieb Anpassungen durchzuführen, durch die die optimalen Werte ermittelt und festgeschrieben werden. So können insbesondere die zusätzlichen lastab­ hängigen Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung empirisch er­ mittelt und berücksichtigt werden.To carry out the method according to the invention, a matrix is thus created, the load being selected in the x direction and a freely selectable manipulated variable of the metering valve in the y direction. Due to the quasi-continuous regulation, the throttle cone of the metering valve is adjusted according to the load, but within the specified hysteresis not by a control process, but by a control process. This method makes it possible to use fittings that are relatively simple in construction. It is also not necessary to use a large number of electronic or pneumatic regulators. Since the valves move to fixed stroke positions, optimization is very easy. Vibration processes as with continuous controllers almost do not occur. Finally, it is possible to make adjustments during the start-up and shutdown phases and in later operation, through which the optimal values are determined and committed. In particular, the additional load-dependent fluctuations in the NO x load can be empirically determined and taken into account.

Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, daß es mit sehr geringem Aufwand möglich ist, zu­ sätzlich tatsächlich gemessene Schwankungen der NO X -Be­ lastung bei der Regelung zu berücksichtigen. Die Rege­ lung würde aber auch dann noch mit nahezu optimalen Werten weiterarbeiten, wenn die Analytik der NO X -Bela­ stung gestört ist oder ganz ausfällt. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß es im Augenblick möglich ist, den Restgehalt an NO X im gereinigten Rauchgas mit einer Verzögerung von 1 bis 3 Minuten zu messen. A particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is possible, with very little effort, to additionally take into account fluctuations in the NO x load that are actually measured during the regulation. However, the regulation would continue to work with almost optimal values if the analysis of the NO x load is faulty or fails completely. It should be taken into account that it is currently possible to measure the residual NO x content in the cleaned flue gas with a delay of 1 to 3 minutes.

Die Schwankungen in der Last einer Anlage liegen hinge­ gen maximal bei 3 bis 7% pro Minute. Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung in Abhängigkeit der Last treten somit nur so langsam auf, daß die Meßwerte über restliches NO X im Rauchgas trotz der Verzögerung noch sinnvoll verwertet werden können.The fluctuations in the load of a plant, however, are a maximum of 3 to 7% per minute. Fluctuations in the NO x load as a function of the load therefore only occur so slowly that the measured values for remaining NO x in the flue gas can still be used in a sensible manner despite the delay.

Dem Prozeßrechner müssen erfindungsgemäß somit im ein­ fachsten Fall nur das Lastsignal und das Signal für den Ammoniakschlupf mitgeteilt werden, um die Gesamtmenge an Ammoniak und die Drosselkegeleinstellungen der ein­ zelnen Düsen an den Gitterpunkten zu regeln. Auch die Berücksichtigung lastabhängiger Schwankungen der NO X - Belastung werden als konstante Größen bei der Regelung berücksichtigt und erfordern somit keine weiteren Maß­ nahmen. Nur zur weiteren Optimierung ist es erfindungs­ gemäß notwendig, die tatsächlichen Meßwerte der NO X -Be­ lastung im ungereinigten und gereinigten Rauchgas der Regelung zuzuführen. Dies kann im einfachen Fall durch einen PC, anderenfalls durch handelsübliche Prozeßrech­ ner erfolgen, und zwar mit Hilfe von Meßreihen.The process computer according to the invention thus in the simplest case, only the load signal and the signal for the ammonia slip have to be communicated in order to regulate the total amount of ammonia and the throttle cone settings of the individual nozzles at the grid points. The consideration of load-dependent fluctuations in the NO x load are also taken into account as constant variables in the control and therefore do not require any further measures. Only for further optimization, it is fiction, necessary according to the actual measured values of the NO X -Be utilization supply in the unpurified and purified flue gas to the control. In the simple case, this can be done by a PC, otherwise by commercially available process computers, with the help of series of measurements.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur optimierten Eindüsung von Ammoniak in selektiv-katalytische Reaktoren zur Entfernung von NOX aus Rauchgasen durch mehrere Düsen an mehreren Punkten eines Gitters, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzel­ nen Düsen quasi-kontinuierlich geregelt werden gemäß zuvor ermittelter anlagenspezifischer, lastabhängiger Strömungsprofile des Rauchgases.1. A method for the optimized injection of ammonia in selective catalytic reactors for removing NO x from flue gases through several nozzles at several points of a grid, characterized in that the individual nozzles are controlled quasi-continuously according to previously determined plant-specific, load-dependent flow profiles of the Flue gas. 2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung zusätzlich lastabhängige Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung berücksichtigt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system also takes into account load-dependent fluctuations in the NO x load. 3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß die Regelung zusätzlich gemessene Schwankungen der NO X -Belastung berücksichtigt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control system takes into account additionally measured fluctuations in the NO x load.
DE19873740675 1987-12-01 1987-12-01 Method for optimised injection of ammonia into selectively catalytic reactors Withdrawn DE3740675A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873740675 DE3740675A1 (en) 1987-12-01 1987-12-01 Method for optimised injection of ammonia into selectively catalytic reactors

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DE19873740675 DE3740675A1 (en) 1987-12-01 1987-12-01 Method for optimised injection of ammonia into selectively catalytic reactors

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DE3740675A1 true DE3740675A1 (en) 1989-06-15

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0554766A1 (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-11 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Process for reducing the nitrogen oxide content in exhaust gases by the controlled addition of NH3
DE4435103A1 (en) * 1994-09-30 1996-04-04 Siemens Ag Process and device to improve the effectivity of catalytic redn. devices
EP2161069A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-10 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Method and device for controlling the supply of a reducing agent to an SCR system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0554766A1 (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-11 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Process for reducing the nitrogen oxide content in exhaust gases by the controlled addition of NH3
DE4435103A1 (en) * 1994-09-30 1996-04-04 Siemens Ag Process and device to improve the effectivity of catalytic redn. devices
EP2161069A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-10 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Method and device for controlling the supply of a reducing agent to an SCR system
WO2010026120A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and device for controlling the supply of a reducing agent to an scr system
US8268275B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2012-09-18 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and device for controlling the supply of a reducing agent to an SCR system

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Owner name: NOELL-KRC UMWELTTECHNIK GMBH, 8700 WUERZBURG, DE

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