DE3308141A1 - Method for detecting icing on energy roofs and air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps - Google Patents

Method for detecting icing on energy roofs and air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps

Info

Publication number
DE3308141A1
DE3308141A1 DE19833308141 DE3308141A DE3308141A1 DE 3308141 A1 DE3308141 A1 DE 3308141A1 DE 19833308141 DE19833308141 DE 19833308141 DE 3308141 A DE3308141 A DE 3308141A DE 3308141 A1 DE3308141 A1 DE 3308141A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
capacitor
heat exchanger
air heat
air
ice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19833308141
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Martin 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Lang
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19833308141 priority Critical patent/DE3308141A1/en
Publication of DE3308141A1 publication Critical patent/DE3308141A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/11—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

A method is proposed for detecting ice on energy roofs and in air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps, which uses the variation in the dielectric coefficient of a capacitor to detect the ice thickness building up. This capacitor is either connected in a very effective cold-conducting fashion to the air-type heat exchanger of a heat pump or to the energy roof, or is formed directly by the gills of the air-type heat exchanger. The varying dielectric coefficient varies the capacitance of the capacitor in the event of ice formation, and is detected using measurement technology with the aid of a frequency generator, rectifier and a switching stage.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Um einen guten Wirkungsgrad bei Wärmepumpen zu erreichen, ist es besonders wichtig, das Verhältnis der zugeführten Energie zur abgegebenen Energie zu optimieren. Ein Teil der zugeführten Energie muß z.B. bei Luftwärmepumpen dazu verwendet werden, bei feuchter Witterung den Luftwärmetauscher zu enteisen.In order to achieve good efficiency in heat pumps, it is special It is important to optimize the ratio of the energy supplied to the energy released. Part of the energy supplied must be used, for example in air heat pumps, to to defrost the air heat exchanger in damp weather.

Zur Erkennung der Eisbildung an Luftwärmetauschern und Energiedächern werden seither in der Regel Temperaturfühler auf der Basis von NTC- oder anderen Halbleiterfühlern oder wie in der DE-OS 27 11 602 mittels Kappilare und Membrandose eingesetzt.For detection of ice formation on air heat exchangers and energy roofs Since then, temperature sensors have generally been based on NTC or others Semiconductor sensors or as in DE-OS 27 11 602 by means of capillary and membrane can used.

Bei diesen Verfahren werden Temperaturen gemessen und daraus Rückschlüsse auf die Eisbildung gewonnen. Für einen optimalen und wirtschaftlichen Abtauvorgang ist es jedoch wichtig, die Eisdicke direkt und ohne Umwege über die Temperatur zu erkennen. Durch Toleranzen bei den Fühlern ist jedoch eine genaue Erfassung der Eisdicke nicht immer hinreichend genau möglich.With these methods, temperatures are measured and conclusions can be drawn from them gained on the ice formation. For an optimal and economical defrosting process However, it is important to measure the ice thickness directly and without detours via the temperature recognize. Due to the tolerances in the sensors, however, an accurate detection of the Ice thickness is not always possible with sufficient accuracy.

Vorteile der Erfindung Das beschriebene Verfahren umgeht diese Nachteile der Temperaturmessung, indem es die sich bei zunehmender Vereisung ändernde Dielektrizitätszahl des Meßkondensators meßtechnisch erfaßt und auswertet. Somit kann ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen Eisdicke und Kapazität hergestellt werden.Advantages of the Invention The method described avoids these disadvantages the temperature measurement by determining the relative permittivity, which changes with increasing icing of the measuring capacitor measured and evaluated. Thus there can be a direct connection between ice thickness and capacity.

Zeichnung Vier Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 das erste, Fig. 2 das zweite, Fig. 3 das dritte und Fig. 4 das vierte Ausführungsbeispiel.DRAWING Four exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing shown and explained in more detail in the following description. It shows Fig. 1 the first, FIG. 2 the second, FIG. 3 the third and FIG. 4 the fourth embodiment.

Beschreibung der Ausführunqsbeibpiele ~- -Beim AusführungsbeispieL nach Fig. 1 ist vor den Lamellen (1) des Luftwärmetauschers (2) einer Wärmepumpe ein Rahmen (3) mit gitterartig gespannten Drähten oder Lamellen (3a) so angebracht, daß einerseits der geerdete Luftwärmetauscher (2) den einen Kondensatorbelag bildet und andererseits der in engem Abstand-isoliert angebrachte Rahmen (3) den anderen Belag eines Kondensators bildet.Description of the execution examples ~ - -By the execution example 1 is in front of the lamellae (1) of the air heat exchanger (2) of a heat pump a frame (3) with wires or lamellas (3a) tensioned in a grid-like manner is attached in such a way that that on the one hand the grounded air heat exchanger (2) forms a condenser layer and on the other hand the closely spaced-insulated frame (3) the other Forms a coating of a capacitor.

An die Drähte bzw. Lamellen (3a) ist ein Frequenzgenerator (4) mit hohem Innenwiderstand angeschlossen.A frequency generator (4) is attached to the wires or lamellas (3a) high internal resistance.

Entsprechend des eingestellten Abstandes zwischen den Lamellen (1) und den Drähten bzw. Lamellen (3y) entsteht am Eingang eines nachgeschalteten Gleichrichters (5) eine, der Kapazität umgekehrt proportionale Spannung, welche über ein Schaltglied (6) und eine Relaisendstufe (7) ausgewertet wird. Bei zunehmender Eisbildung am Luftwärmetauscher (2) wird das Dielektrikum zwischen jenem und dem Rahmen (3) sich entsprechend der Eisdicke ändern.According to the set distance between the slats (1) and the wires or lamellas (3y) are created at the input of a downstream rectifier (5) a voltage which is inversely proportional to the capacitance and which is applied via a switching element (6) and a relay output stage (7) is evaluated. With increasing ice formation on Air heat exchanger (2) becomes the dielectric between that and the frame (3) itself change according to the thickness of the ice.

Diese Änderung der Kapazität wird von der vorher beschriebenen Anordnung (5) - (7) ausgewertet.This change in capacitance is effected by the arrangement previously described (5) - (7) evaluated.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ist mit den Lamellen (1) des Luftwärmetauschers (2) gut kälteleitend die Mittelelektrode (8) eines Plattenkondensators verbunden. Links und rechts der Mittelelektrode (8) sind zwei miteinander leitend verbundene Außenelektroden (9) angebracht. Bei sich bildendem Eisansatz am Luftwärmetauscher (2) werden auch die Elektroden (8) und (9) mitvereisen, da sie sich temperaturmäßig und klimatisch auf dem gleichen Niveau befinden wie die Lamellen (1) des Luftwärmetauschers (2).In the embodiment of Fig. 2 is with the slats (1) of the Air heat exchanger (2) conducts the cold well, the center electrode (8) of a plate capacitor tied together. To the left and right of the center electrode (8), two are mutually conductive connected external electrodes (9) attached. When ice forms on the air heat exchanger (2) The electrodes (8) and (9) will also travel with the ice, since they are temperature-wise and climatically on the same level as the fins (1) of the air heat exchanger (2).

Die meßtechnische Erfassung des Eisbelages erfolgt wie bei Fig. 1 beschtieben.The measurement of the ice cover takes place as in FIG. 1 desperate.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel 3 sind mehrere Plattenkondensatoren (10) nach Ausführungsbeispiel 2 über der Ansaugfläche des Luftwärmetauschers verteilt, um eine optimale Eiserfassung zu erhalten. Die einzelnen Kondensatoren können dabei parallel geschaltet und gemeinsam ausgewertet werden oder jeder für sich.In embodiment 3, several plate capacitors (10) according to embodiment 2 distributed over the suction surface of the air heat exchanger, in order to obtain optimal ice coverage. The individual capacitors can connected in parallel and evaluated together become or everyone for themselves.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel 4 ist jeweils eine Lamelle (11) durch eine elektrische Isolation (12) von dem mit Kältemittel durchströmten Rohr (13) getrennt. Zusammen mit den Nachbarlamellen (14) bilden sie einen Kondensator, in dessen Zwischenräbmen sich beim Betrieb der Wärmepumpe das Eis bildet.In the embodiment 4 is each a lamella (11) by a electrical insulation (12) separated from the pipe (13) through which the refrigerant flows. Together with the neighboring lamellas (14), they form a capacitor in its intermediate braces the ice forms when the heat pump is in operation.

Claims (7)

Ansprüche - - -f f 1.) Verfahren zur Eis erkennung bei Luftwärmetauschern on Wärmepumpen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Kondensator mit Luft als Dielektrikum verwendet wird, von dessen Belägen mindestens einer der Eisbildung ausgesetzt ist, und daß die Dielektrizitätszahl zwischen diesem und dem benachbarten Kondensatorbelag gemessen und ausgewertet wird. Claims - - -f f 1.) Procedure for ice detection in air heat exchangers on heat pumps, characterized in that a condenser with air as the dielectric is used, at least one of which is exposed to ice formation, and that the relative permittivity between this and the adjacent capacitor plate is measured and evaluated. 2. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Frequenzgenerator (4) mit hohem Innenwiderstand an den Kondensator angeschlossen ist und über einen Gleichrichter (5), ein Schaltglied (6) und eine Relaisendstufe (7) die DieSektrizltäiszahl ermittelt wird. 2. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that a frequency generator (4) with high internal resistance to the capacitor is connected and via a rectifier (5), a switching element (6) and a Relay output stage (7) which determines the dielectric number. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Luftwärmetauscher (2) selbst einerseits, mit einem davor angebrachten gitter- oder lamellenähnlichen Belag (3a) andererseits zu einem Kondensator geschaltet wird. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air heat exchanger (2) itself on the one hand, with a grid-like or lamella-like attached in front of it Coating (3a) on the other hand is switched to a capacitor. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittelelektrode (8) eines Plattenkondensators mit den Lamellen (1) des Luftwärmetauschers (2) gut kälteleitend verbunden ist und mittels zweier, in geringem Abstand angebrachten Außenelektroden (9) das sich bildende Eis über die Dielektrizitätszahl meßtechnisch erfaßt wird. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the central electrode (8) of a plate condenser with the fins (1) of the air heat exchanger (2) well Is connected to conduct the cold and by means of two, attached at a short distance Outer electrodes (9) measure the ice forming via the dielectric constant is detected. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Plattenkondensatoren über die Fläche des Luftwärmetauschers verteilt angebracht sind. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that several Plate condensers are attached distributed over the surface of the air heat exchanger are. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens die Mittelelektrode (8) des Platteniondensators durch die Lamellen (1) des Luftwärmetauschers selbst gebildet wird. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least the center electrode (8) of the plate ion capacitor through the lamellae (1) of the air heat exchanger itself is formed. 7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung~des~VerTahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittelelektrode (8), gebildet durch eine Lamelle des Luftwärmetauschers, elektrisch nicht leitend angebracht wird und zusammen mit der Nachbarlamelle die beiden Beläge (9) des Kondensators bildet.7. Apparatus for carrying out ~ the ~ VerTahrens according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the center electrode (8), formed by a lamella of the air heat exchanger, is attached electrically non-conductive and together with the neighboring lamella the forms both pads (9) of the capacitor.
DE19833308141 1983-03-08 1983-03-08 Method for detecting icing on energy roofs and air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps Withdrawn DE3308141A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833308141 DE3308141A1 (en) 1983-03-08 1983-03-08 Method for detecting icing on energy roofs and air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833308141 DE3308141A1 (en) 1983-03-08 1983-03-08 Method for detecting icing on energy roofs and air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps

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DE3308141A1 true DE3308141A1 (en) 1984-09-13

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DE19833308141 Withdrawn DE3308141A1 (en) 1983-03-08 1983-03-08 Method for detecting icing on energy roofs and air-type heat exchangers of heat pumps

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2634512A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2013-09-04 LG Electronics, Inc. Air conditioner and method of controlling the same
CN113324467A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-08-31 贵州电网有限责任公司 Device and method for monitoring equivalent icing thickness of lead based on ice dielectric capacitance effect

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2634512A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2013-09-04 LG Electronics, Inc. Air conditioner and method of controlling the same
US9429352B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2016-08-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Air conditioner and method of controlling the same
CN113324467A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-08-31 贵州电网有限责任公司 Device and method for monitoring equivalent icing thickness of lead based on ice dielectric capacitance effect

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