DE3210770C2 - Metallic, essentially spherical, light-weight particles, and the use and process for their production - Google Patents
Metallic, essentially spherical, light-weight particles, and the use and process for their productionInfo
- Publication number
- DE3210770C2 DE3210770C2 DE3210770A DE3210770A DE3210770C2 DE 3210770 C2 DE3210770 C2 DE 3210770C2 DE 3210770 A DE3210770 A DE 3210770A DE 3210770 A DE3210770 A DE 3210770A DE 3210770 C2 DE3210770 C2 DE 3210770C2
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- metallic
- production
- plastic
- bodies
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/20—After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening
- B01J13/22—Coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
- B22F1/0655—Hollow particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
- B22F3/1112—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics comprising hollow spheres or hollow fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/34—Metals, e.g. ferro-silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/044—Forming conductive coatings; Forming coatings having anti-static properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/06—Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1657—Electroless forming, i.e. substrate removed or destroyed at the end of the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk
- C25D17/18—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk having closed containers
- C25D17/20—Horizontal barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
Abstract
Zur Bildung metallischer Leichtkörper als Füllmaterial für Formkörper mit geschlossenen oder offenporigen Hohlräumen wird Kunststoffgranulat in zunächst naßchemischen Verfahren und anschließend auf galvanischem Wege bis zu einer Schichtstärke von etwa 0,05 mm oberflächlich metallisiert. Das metallisierte Kunststoffgranulat wird durch Erhitzung auf etwa 400 ° C pyrolisiert und sodann als Einschlußmaterial zur Bildung leichter Formkörper verwendet, indem es mit flüssigem Metall umgossen oder bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes gesintert wird.To form metallic lightweight bodies as filler material for molded bodies with closed or open-pored cavities, plastic granulate is surface-metallized in a wet chemical process and then galvanically up to a layer thickness of about 0.05 mm. The metallized plastic granulate is pyrolyzed by heating to about 400 ° C. and then used as an encapsulation material to form light moldings by pouring liquid metal around it or sintering it at temperatures below the melting point.
Description
nach Anspruch 1, durch naßchemische Metallisie- io per dadurch zu bilden, daß in die Gußform für das Me-according to claim 1, to be formed by wet-chemical metallization by inserting into the mold for the measurement
tall eine Schüttung aus löslichem Granulat eingebracht, durch Spezialbehandlung zu einem zusammenhängenden Gerüst verbunden, der verbleibende Hohlraum sodann mit dem vorgesehenen Metall ausgegossen und das Granulatmaterial, die gewünschten Hohlräume bildend, ausgewaschen wird. Dieses Verfahren ist nur zur Bildung von Metallkörpern mit offenen Poren zu gebrauchen. Um leichte metallische Formkörper mit geschlossenen Hohlräumen herzustellen, hat man ein ähn-tall a bed of soluble granulate is introduced, connected to a coherent framework by special treatment, the remaining cavity is then filled with the intended metal and the granular material is washed out, forming the desired cavities. This procedure is for use only Formation of metal bodies with open pores to use. In order to produce lightweight metallic moldings with closed cavities, a similar
rung von Kunststorfteilchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Schaumstoffgranulstteilchen stromlos metallisiert und die Kunststoffkerne entfernt werden.tion of artificial peat particles, characterized in that foam granule particles are electrolessly metallized and the plastic cores are removed.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kunststoffkerne pyrolytisch, insbesondere bei Temperaturen von etwa 4000C, zersetzt werden.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the plastic cores are pyrolytically, in particular at temperatures of about 400 0 C, decomposed.
4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilchenwandungen 20 liches Verfahren entwickelt, wie es für Plastik-Schaumelektrolytiscfc auf Dicken bis zu 0.05 mm verstärkt stoffe bekannt ist: dieses Verfahren konnte bisher aber werden.' nur bei Aluminium realisiert werden (Aluminium-Ta-4. The method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the particle walls developed 20 Liches process, as it is known for plastic foam electrolytic materials reinforced to thicknesses of up to 0.05 mm: this process has so far been able to be. ' can only be implemented with aluminum (aluminum
5. Verwendung der metallischen, im wesentlichen schenbuch, 13. Auflage [1974] S. 317). kugelförmigen Leichtkörperteilchen nach einem der Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, metalli-Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung von Formkörpern 25 sehe Leichtkörper herzustellen, die sich insbesondere durch Sinterung. als Füllmaterial zur Bildung von Formkörpern mit geschlossenen oder auch offenporigen Hohlräumen und insbesondere zur Bildung leichter Formkörper aus metallischem Grundmaterial eignen.5. Use of the metallic, essentiallyschenbuch, 13th edition [1974] p. 317). spherical light-weight particles according to one of the The invention is based on the object of producing metal-claims 1 to 4 for the production of molded bodies 25 see light-weight bodies, which are in particular by sintering. as a filler material for the formation of moldings with closed or open-pored cavities and are particularly suitable for the formation of light molded bodies from a metallic base material.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe gehl die Erfindung von der Überlegung aus, daß es für Formkörper aus Metall zweckmäßig wäre, kleine Hohlkugeln aus Metall zu verwenden, das mit dem umgebenden Metall des FormkörTo solve this problem, the invention is based on the consideration that it is for molded bodies made of metal It would be useful to use small hollow metal balls that are connected to the surrounding metal of the molded body pers artverwandt ist und mit diesem durch Mischkri-pers is related and is related to this through mixed
6. Verwendung der metallischen, im wesentlichen kugelförmigen Leichtkörperteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung von Formkörpern als Füllstoff von plastischen, erhärtenden oder von sinterfähigen Werkstoffen.6. Use of the metallic, substantially spherical light body particles according to one of the Claims 1 to 4 for the production of moldings as a filler of plastic, hardening or of sinterable materials.
7. Verwendung nach Anspruch 6. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Werkstoff K:unstkohlc eingesetzt wird.7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that the material used is K: unstkohlc.
8. Verwendung der metallische, im wesentlichen 35 Stallbildung eine feste Verbindung eingeht. Ausgehend kugelförmigen Leichtkörperteilchen nach einem der von dieser Überlegung sind erfindungsgemäß Leicht-Anspriiche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung von Formkörpern körperteilchen der eingangs bezeichneten Art vorgcsedurch Umgießen in einer Form mit flüssigem Metall. hen, welche innen hohl sind und geschlossene oder poröse Wandungen besitzen.8. Use of the metallic, essentially 35 stable, a solid connection. Outgoing spherical light-body particles according to one of these considerations are, according to the invention, light-weight claims 1 to 4 for the production of molded bodies, body particles of the type described at the beginning by pouring liquid metal around them in a mold. hen, which are hollow inside and have closed or porous walls.
Zur Herstellung solcher Leichtkörperteilchen durch naßchemische Metallisierung von KunslstoffteilchenFor the production of such lightweight particles by wet chemical metallization of plastic particles
werden erfindungsgemäß marktgängige Schaumstoffgranulatteilchen stromlos metallisiert und die Kunslstoffkerne entfernt, vorzugsweise, indem sie pyrolytisch 45 bei Temperaturen von etwa 4000C zersetzt werden. DieAccording to the invention marketable Schaumstoffgranulatteilchen be metallized electrolessly and the Kunslstoffkerne removed, preferably by being pyrolytically decomposed at temperatures of about 400 0 C 45th the
liehen kugelförmige Leichtkörperteilchen, deren Ver- elektrolytisch auf Dicken bis zu 0,05 mm verstärkt wer-borrowed spherical light-weight particles, the cones of which are electrolytically reinforced to thicknesses of up to 0.05 mm
wendung und ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung. den. Der größte Teil des Kunststoffes geht dabei in denapplication and a process for their production. the. Most of the plastic goes into the
terial zur Bildung von Formkörpern, insbesondere zur 50 bzw. Konvektion entweichen.material for the formation of shaped bodies, in particular for 50 or convection escape.
material, wenig geeignet (GB-PS 13 08 603 und 8 91 494, lichkeiten. Die Leichtkörperteilchen nach der Erfindung US-PS40 76 888). lassen sich insbesondere zur Herstellung von supcr-material, not very suitable (GB-PS 13 08 603 and 8 91 494, possibilities. The light-body particles according to the invention U.S. Patent 4,076,888). can be used in particular for the production of supcr-
Hohlkugeln aus Glas und anderen Materialien mit leichten Formkörpern durch Sinterung einsetzen, wcl-Durchmessern von wenigen Mikrometer bis Millimeter 55 ehe in der Filtertechnik und als Sandwich-Platten in derUse hollow spheres made of glass and other materials with light molded bodies by sintering, wcl diameters from a few micrometers to 55 millimeters before in filter technology and as sandwich panels in the
werden heute von verschiedenen Herstellern hauptsächlich als Rohstoff zur Herstellung von Körpern niederen spezifischen Gewichtes angeboten. Glashohlkugeln beispielsweise dienen als Füllstoff und Verstärkungsmaterial sowie zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Thermo- und Duroplastkunststoffen. Als Leichtfüllstoff für Metalle eignen sich mineralische Hohlkugeln nur bedingt.are now offered by various manufacturers mainly as a raw material for the production of bodies of low specific weight. Hollow glass spheres, for example, serve as a filler and reinforcement material and to improve the properties of thermoplastic and thermoset plastics. Mineral hollow spheres are only conditionally suitable as a lightweight filler for metals.
In der Fabrikation von Gebrauchsgegenständen aus Kunststoff, wie Kofferradios, Fernsehgeräten, Türgriffen und Armaturen ist es bekannt, galvanische Verfahren zum Metallisieren einzusetzen. Um einer, gut haftenden Metallüberzug zu gewinnen, müssen dieseIn the manufacture of everyday objects Plastic, such as portable radios, televisions, door handles and fittings, is known to use galvanic processes for metallizing. In order to obtain a well-adhering metal coating, these must
Wegen der guten Gas- und Flüssigkeitsdurchlässigkeit solcher Formkörper ergibt sich eine große Kontaktoberfläche für chemische Reaktionen. Die Leicht-Because of the good gas and liquid permeability of such shaped bodies, there is a large contact surface for chemical reactions. The light
eo körperteilchen können auch als Füllstoff zur Herstellung von plastischen, erhärtenden oder von sinterfähigen Werkstoffen dienen.Body particles can also be used as fillers for the production of plastic, hardening or sinterable materials.
Bei der Verwendung von Kunstkohle als Werkstoff können die Leichtkörperteilchen im Sintcrwirksloff vcrWhen using charcoal as a material, the light-body particles in the sintered active substance can vcr bleiben und zur Erhöhung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit dienen. Zur Herstellung von Formkörpern können die Leichtkörperteilchen in eine Form eingebracht und von flüssigem Metall umgössen werden.stay and to increase the electrical conductivity to serve. To produce moldings, the lightweight particles can be placed in a mold and taken from liquid metal are poured around.
In der Zeichnung, Fig. 1—9, ist die Erfindung schematisch an einigen Ausführungsbeispielen in Querschnitisdarstellungen, zum Teil in starker Vergrößerung, veranschaulicht.In the drawing, Figs. 1-9, the invention is schematic on some exemplary embodiments in cross-sectional representations, partly in high magnification, illustrated.
F i g. 1 zeigt in starker Vergrößerung Querschnitt durch einen im wesentlichen kugelförmigen Leichtkörper 1 nach der Erfindung. Dieser Leichtkörper besteht aus Kunststoff und ist mit einem Metallfilm 3 überzogen. Als Kern wird ein Granulatteilchen vorzugsweise aus Schaumkunststoff verwendet. Schaumstoff-Granulat steht in Größen von etwa 0,5 bis 3 mm zur Verfügung. Zum Erlangen selbsttragender Festigkeit von etwa 5 bis 15μηι. In der Zeichnung ist der Metallfilm der Anschaulichkeit wegen übertrieben stark dargestellt. F i g. 1 shows a greatly enlarged cross section through an essentially spherical light body 1 according to the invention. This light body consists of plastic and is coated with a metal film 3. A granulate particle, preferably made of foamed plastic, is used as the core. Foam granules is available in sizes from approximately 0.5 to 3 mm. To achieve self-supporting strength of about 5 to 15μηι. In the drawing is the metal film Exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
Der Melallfilm kann insgesamt stromlos oder, wie in Fig. 1 schematisch veranschaulicht, in zwei Schichten und zwar in einer ersten Schicht 3.1 stromlos und anschließend in einer zweiten, stärkeren Schicht 3.2 elektrolytisch aufgetragen werden, wie weiter unten näher beschrieben ist. Je nach Größe der Metallhohlkugeln wird die Schichtdicke auf 5 bis 15 μιτι gebracht und reicht dann aus, um dem bei Zersetzung des Kunststoffes entstehenden Gasdruck zu widerstehen und um die für die spätere Verwendung als Füllmaterial in Verbindung mit verschiedenartigen Grundmaterialien notwendige Eigenfestigkeit zu besitzen.The overall film can be electroless or, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 1, in two layers namely in a first layer 3.1 without current and then electrolytically in a second, thicker layer 3.2 can be applied as described in more detail below. Depending on the size of the hollow metal balls the layer thickness is brought to 5 to 15 μιτι and is then sufficient to withstand the gas pressure resulting from the decomposition of the plastic and to reduce the necessary for later use as filler material in connection with various base materials To have inherent strength.
Schaumkunststoff hat ein spezifisches Gewicht von 0.02-0,08g/cmJ. Metall, wie z.B. Kupfer, ein spezifisches Gewicht von 8,9 g/cm3. Bei einem mittleren Durchmesser von z. B. 1 mm des metallischen Granulatteilchens und einer Filmdicke von 10 μπι ergibt sich ein mittleres spezifisches Gewicht des Leichtkörpers nach F i g. 1 von 0,29—035 g/cm1.Foam plastic has a specific weight of 0.02-0.08 g / cm J. Metal, such as copper, has a specific weight of 8.9 g / cm 3 . With a mean diameter of z. B. 1 mm of the metallic granulate and a film thickness of 10 μπι results in an average specific weight of the light body according to F i g. 1 from 0.29-035 g / cm 1 .
Die Kunststoffkernc werden durch Pyrolisieren einem Zersetzungsprozeß unterworfen.The plastic cores are subjected to a decomposition process by pyrolization.
Fig.2 zeigt den Leichtkörper der Fig. 1 nach dem Pyrolysicren. Bei der hierzu erforderlichen Temperatur von etwa 400°C bleibt der Metallfilm 3 in seiner ursprünglichen Form erhalten; ein Großteil der Kunststoffmasse geht hingegen in gasförmigen Zustand über und entweicht überwiegend durch Diffusion, ggf. auch durch Konvektion, sofern, wie weiter unten beschrieben, dafür gesorgt wird, daß in einem Verband von Leichtkörper.n nach F i g. 1 bzw. 2 die Kernräume benachbarter Leichtkörper miteinande' kommunizieren. In dem vom Metallfilm 3 umschlossenen Hohlraum verbleibt dann nur noch ein kleiner Restbestand an fester Substanz, insbesondere in Form von Kohlenstoff 4.Fig.2 shows the light body of Fig. 1 after Pyrolysicrene. At the temperature of about 400 ° C. required for this, the metal film 3 remains in its original state Maintain shape; In contrast, a large part of the plastic mass changes to a gaseous state and escapes mainly by diffusion, possibly also by convection, provided that, as described below, it is ensured that in an association of light bodies according to FIG. 1 or 2 the core spaces of neighboring Light bodies communicate with one another. Remains in the cavity enclosed by the metal film 3 then only a small remainder of solid substance, especially in the form of carbon 4.
F i g. 3 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Vorrichtung zum stromlosen Metallisieren von Kunststoff-Granulat, bestehend aus einer Wanne 5 zur Aufnahme eines handelsüblichen geeigneten Mctallisierungsbades, vorzugsweise eines Kupfer- oder Nickelbadcs. Das zu metallisierende Kunststoff-Granulat 2 wird in einen Siebkorb 5.3 eingebracht, der in das Bad 5.2 einiauch;. Durch ein Rührwerk 5.4 mit Motorantrieb wird das Granulat in der Badflüssigkeit umgewirbelt, so daß die ganze Oberfläche seiner Teilchen gleichmäßig dem Metallisierungsvorgang ausgesetzt wird. Diese stromlose Metallisierung kann bis zum Erreichen der gewünschten Gesamtstärke der Metallschicht fortgesetzt werden, es kann aber auch zunächst nur eine dünne Leitschicht 3.1 aufgebracht und die Metallisierung anschließend auf elcktrolytischem Wege bis zur gewünschten Sehichtdikkc fortgesetzt wurden.F i g. 3 shows a device in a schematic representation for electroless plating of plastic granulate, consisting of a tray 5 for receiving a commercially available metalizing bath, preferably a copper or nickel bath. That too metallizing plastic granulate 2 is introduced into a sieve basket 5.3, which also enters the bath 5.2. The granules in the bath liquid are swirled around by an agitator 5.4 with a motor drive, so that the the entire surface of its particles is evenly exposed to the metallization process. This currentless Metallization can be continued until the desired total thickness of the metal layer is reached but can also initially only apply a thin conductive layer 3.1 and then apply the metallization Elcktrolytischem way up to the desired visual thickness continued.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine Vo-richtung zur eiektrolytischen Verstärkung eines zunächst stromlos aufgebrachten dünnen, als Leitschicht dienenden Metallfilmes 3.1, bestehend aus einer Wanne 6.1 zur Aufnahme des Bades 6.2 mit Kathode 6.3 und Anode 6.4. Zur Aufnahme des mit dem Grundfilm 3.1 versehenen Kunststoff-Granulats 2 ist eine Siebtrommel 63 vorgesehen, die um ihre Achse 6.6 umläuft. Diese Trommel ist durch eine Scheidewand 6.7. gleichzeitig Kathodenblcch, in zwei Kammern 6.8 und 6.9 unterteilt, welche das zu metallisierende Kunststoff-Granulat 2 etwa je zur Hälfte aufnehmen. Die Scheidewand 6.7 ist für das Kunststoff-Granulat 2 undurchlässig; sie kann für die Metallionen durchlässig sein. Das spezifisch leichte Kunststoff-Granulat strebt durch seinen Auftrieb ständig nach oben. Durch die Kammerunterteilung und Rotation wird es gezwungen. in stetigem Wechsel von der zylindrischen Innenwandung der Trommel zur ebenen Scheidewand zu wandern, dabei die vom Bad erfüllten Kammern zu durchqueren und seine gesamte Oberfläche zur Anlagerung der elektrolytisch von der Kathode zur Anode wandernden Metallte:Jchen darzubieten. Die Anode ist in Form einer die Siebtrommel mit freiem Ab-. ;<>nd aufnehmenden Mulde ausgeführt.4 shows a device for electrolytic reinforcement of a thin metal film 3.1, initially applied without current, serving as a conductive layer, consisting of a trough 6.1 for receiving the bath 6.2 with cathode 6.3 and anode 6.4. To accommodate the plastic granulate 2 provided with the base film 3.1, a sieve drum 63 is provided which rotates around its axis 6.6. This drum is surrounded by a partition 6.7. at the same time cathode block, divided into two chambers 6.8 and 6.9, which hold the plastic granulate 2 to be metallized about half each. The partition 6.7 is impermeable to the plastic granulate 2; it can be permeable to the metal ions. The specifically light plastic granulate constantly strives upwards due to its buoyancy. It is constrained by the compartmentalization and rotation. to wander in constant alternation from the cylindrical inner wall of the drum to the flat partition wall, while crossing the chambers filled by the bath and presenting its entire surface for the accumulation of the metals migrating electrolytically from the cathode to the anode: Jchen. The anode is in the form of a sieve drum with free outlet. ; <> nd receiving trough executed.
Fig.5 zeigt eine Vorrichtung 7 zum Herstellen eines Verbandes (Formkörpers) kommunizierender Leichtkörper in einer Wanne 7.1 mit einem stromlos arbeitenden Met'tllisierungsbad 7.2 und dazu in Fig.5a Querschnitt durch einen Teil eines solchen Formkörpers 8 in größerem Maßstab. Die Gestalt des herzustellenden Formkörpers wird durch ein Gefäß, im folgenden Form 7.1 genannt, bestimmt, das randvoll mit dem zu metallisierenden Kunststoff-Granulat 2 gefüllt wird derart, daß die Granulatteilchen einander berühren. Um diese in der Vorrichtung 7 zu metallisieren, wird die Form 7.1 mit dem Granulat in die Wanne 7.2 bzw. das Bad 73 eingetaucht und beispielsweise unten an den Saugstutzen einer Umwälzpumpe 7.4 angeschlossen, derart, daß die Badflüssigkeit durch die Oberseite der Form angesaugt wird und ständig in Pfeilrichtung durch das Gefäß mit dem Granulat strömt. Dabei wird die gesamte ireie Oberfläche des Kunststoff-Granulats mit einem Metallfilm überzogen, während die Kontaktstellen der dicht gepackten Granulatteilchen unbeschichtet bleiben. Man erhält dann nach dem Pyrolisieren ein Gebilde von miteinander kommunizierenden Hohlräumen einerseits und Metallfilmen andererseits. F i g. 5a zc:gt Teilschnitt durch einen solchen Formkörper in größcrem Maßstab. Das Kommunizieren kann von Bedeutung sein, und zwar der Hohlräume, wo es darum geht, eine intensive Konvektion im oder durch den Formkörper zu erzielen, und der Metallfilme, um eine hohe elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit ru gewährleisten.FIG. 5 shows a device 7 for producing an association (shaped body) of communicating light bodies in a tub 7.1 with an electroless metalization bath 7.2 and, in addition, in FIG. 5a, a cross section through part of such a shaped body 8 on a larger scale. The shape of the molded body to be produced is determined by a vessel, hereinafter called Form 7.1, which is filled to the brim with the plastic granulate 2 to be metallized in such a way that the granulate particles touch one another. In order to metallize this in the device 7, the mold 7.1 with the granulate is immersed in the tub 7.2 or the bath 73 and connected, for example, at the bottom to the suction nozzle of a circulating pump 7.4, in such a way that the bath liquid is sucked in through the top of the mold and constantly flows in the direction of the arrow through the vessel with the granules. The entire surface of the plastic granulate is covered with a metal film, while the contact points of the densely packed granulate particles remain uncoated. After pyrolization, a structure of intercommunicating cavities on the one hand and metal films on the other hand is then obtained. F i g. 5a zc : gt Partial section through such a shaped body on a larger scale. Communication can be important, namely in the cavities, where the aim is to achieve intense convection in or through the shaped body, and in the metal films, in order to ensure high electrical and thermal conductivity.
Ein Kommunizieren nach außen kann man erreichen oder vermeiden durch Einsatz einer porösen oder geschlossenen Ummantelung, z. B. in Gestalt einer als Ummantclung des Formkörpers verbleibenden porösen oder geschlossenen horm.Communicating with the outside world can be achieved or avoided by using a porous or closed one Sheathing, e.g. B. in the form of a remaining as a casing of the molded body porous or closed horm.
Fig. 6, 7 zeigen im Teilschnitt gegossene Formkörper 9 bzw. 10 mit Einschluß von Leichtkörpern 1 nach F i g. 1 oder 2 bzw. r.it Einschluß eines Verbandes kombo munizierender Leichtkörper nach Fig.5 in einem Grundmaterial 11. Das Grundmaterial kann sus verschiedenartigen Stoffen bestehen, welche gieß- oder schüttfähig sind oder sich sonstwie eignen, mit den Leichtkörpern eine brauchbare formfeste Verbindung 61) einzugchen. Für den Einschluß von Leichtkörpern mit Kupfcrschieht beispielsweise ist ein Vergießen mit Aluminium oder Zink möglich. Auch mit plastischen, erhärtenden Stoffen lassen sich Formkörper mit Einschluß6, 7 show, in partial section, cast molded bodies 9 and 10 with the inclusion of lightweight bodies 1 according to FIG. 1 or 2 or with the inclusion of an association of combo-communicating light bodies according to Fig. 5 in a base material 11. The base material can consist of various types of materials which can be poured or poured or are otherwise suitable, with the light bodies a usable form-stable connection 6 1 ) to be paid in. Casting with aluminum or zinc is possible for the inclusion of light objects with copper layers, for example. Moldings with inclusions can also be made with plastic, hardening substances
von L.eichikörpcrn nach der Erfindunk! herstellen.of L. calibrated bodies according to the invention! produce.
F i g. 8. 9 zeigen Sinterkörper nur aus geschlossenen Leichtkörpern I und aus geschlossenen l.cichlkörpcrn 1 mit Sinterwerkstoff 14 als Grundmaterial.F i g. 8, 9 show sintered bodies only made from closed light bodies I and from closed l.cichl bodies 1 with sintered material 14 as the base material.
I licr/u 4 I)IiKi ZeichnungenI licr / u 4 I) IiKi drawings
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DE3210770A DE3210770C2 (en) | 1982-03-24 | 1982-03-24 | Metallic, essentially spherical, light-weight particles, and the use and process for their production |
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DE3210770A DE3210770C2 (en) | 1982-03-24 | 1982-03-24 | Metallic, essentially spherical, light-weight particles, and the use and process for their production |
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DE3210770C2 true DE3210770C2 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3902032A1 (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-07-26 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | SINED LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL WITH MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
DE10039320C2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-12-24 | Inst Fuegetechnik Und Werkstof | Process for the production of hollow spheres |
DE10301175A1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Component manufactured or processed by powder metallurgy and method for its production |
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US5786785A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1998-07-28 | Spectro Dynamics Systems, L.P. | Electromagnetic radiation absorptive coating composition containing metal coated microspheres |
US4624798A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-11-25 | Carolina Solvents, Inc. | Electrically conductive magnetic microballoons and compositions incorporating same |
US4624865A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-11-25 | Carolina Solvents, Inc. | Electrically conductive microballoons and compositions incorporating same |
DE3520450A1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1986-12-11 | Gattys Technique S.A., Freiburg/Fribourg | RADIATION PROTECTION CONTAINER FOR TRANSPORTING AND STORING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3640586A1 (en) * | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-09 | Norddeutsche Affinerie | METHOD FOR PRODUCING HOLLOW BALLS OR THEIR CONNECTED WITH WALLS OF INCREASED STRENGTH |
DE3724156A1 (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1989-02-02 | Norddeutsche Affinerie | METHOD FOR PRODUCING METALLIC OR CERAMIC HOLLOW BALLS |
DE19949271B4 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2005-08-18 | Zeuna-Stärker GmbH & Co KG | Silencer for the exhaust system of a driven by an internal combustion engine motor vehicle |
DE102008006690B4 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2010-01-07 | Glatt Systemtechnik Gmbh | Sintered hollow body |
CN102357940A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-02-22 | 安徽恒森新材料有限公司 | Raw material granule diameter balancing method in plate processing technology |
DE102014110925A1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-04 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Process for the preparation of functionalized cellular materials |
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US2939804A (en) * | 1958-01-23 | 1960-06-07 | Uarco Inc | Resin particle coated with metal |
GB1308603A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1973-02-21 | Ballotini Europ Deutschland Gm | Metal coated particles and the production thereof |
CH565867A5 (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1975-08-29 | Potters Ballotini Gmbh | |
US3788955A (en) * | 1971-02-19 | 1974-01-29 | Battelle Development Corp | Encapsulation |
DE2111137A1 (en) * | 1971-03-09 | 1972-11-09 | Kalle Ag | Metallized, porous molded body and process for its production |
CA955474A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1974-10-01 | Wasyl Kunda | Production of porous nickel bodies |
US3875271A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1975-04-01 | Coors Porcelain Co | Hollow pellets and method for making same |
NL7607390A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-01-11 | Montedison Spa | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC AND / OR METAL-CERAMIC AND / OR CERAMIC SPONGE. |
US4256676A (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1981-03-17 | Kovach Julius L | Process for preparing porous metal oxide beads |
-
1982
- 1982-03-24 DE DE3210770A patent/DE3210770C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3902032A1 (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-07-26 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | SINED LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL WITH MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
GB2229193A (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-09-19 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Sintered spheres |
GB2229193B (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1993-03-17 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | A sintered light-weight structural material and method of manufacture thereof |
DE10039320C2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-12-24 | Inst Fuegetechnik Und Werkstof | Process for the production of hollow spheres |
DE10301175A1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Component manufactured or processed by powder metallurgy and method for its production |
DE10301175B4 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2006-12-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the powder metallurgical production of components |
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