DE3120102C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3120102C2 DE3120102C2 DE3120102A DE3120102A DE3120102C2 DE 3120102 C2 DE3120102 C2 DE 3120102C2 DE 3120102 A DE3120102 A DE 3120102A DE 3120102 A DE3120102 A DE 3120102A DE 3120102 C2 DE3120102 C2 DE 3120102C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- impedance
- value
- differential quotient
- generator
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00696—Controlled or regulated parameters
- A61B2018/00702—Power or energy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00875—Resistance or impedance
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsvorrich
tung für chirurgische Zwecke mit einem HF-Generator, einem
Impedanzmeßgerät zum Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufes des
Impedanzbetrages des zu koagulierenden Gewebes und mit einer
Steuerschaltung, mit der die HF-Leistungsabgabe in das Gewebe
gesteuert wird.
Eine derartige HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung ist aus der DE-OS
23 53 013 bekannt. Dort wird die HF-Leistung direkt entspre
chend dem gemessenen Widerstandswert eingestellt. Eine Berück
sichtigung des Differentialquotienten des zeitlichen Verlaufes
des Widerstandes erfolgt dort nicht. Die Hochfrequenzleistung
wird in direktem Verhältnis zum momentan gemessenen Widerstand
des behandelten Gewebes geändert.
Bei der HF-Koagulation wird eine dosierbare und scharfe Begren
zung des Koagulationsherdes gefordert. Die Koagulation des Ge
webes soll auf das gewünschte Gebiet beschränkt bleiben, damit
wichtige Strukturen in der Nachbarschaft des koagulierten Gewe
bes nicht beschädigt werden. Die Koagulation soll sich auf eine
Denaturierung des Gewebes beschränken und keine Verkohlung oder
Schorfbildung an den Spitzen des Koagulationsinstrumentes bil
den.
Aus dem Sonderabdruck aus dem "Zentralblatt für Chirurgie", 85.
Jahrgang, 1960, Heft 19, Seiten 1052 bis 1063 ist es bekannt,
auch ohne Thermoelement zu arbeiten. Bei der bekannten Anord
nung wird zur Überwachung der Koagulation auch die Registrie
rung des Widerstandes herangezogen. Wenn man den Widerstand
unmittelbar während des Koagulationsvorganges ohne zeitliche
Verzögerung direkt meßbar macht und registriert, besteht die
Möglichkeit, den Beginn des Widerstandsanstieges sofort zu er
kennen und von Hand oder durch entsprechende automatische Rück
kopplung den Strom bzw. die Temperatur zu vermindern, so daß
ein Verschorfen und eine Blasenbildung mit nachfolgendem Zer
reißen des Koagulats vermieden wird. Die bei der Koagulation
einzustellende HF-Anfangsleistung ist abhängig vom Volumen des
beabsichtigten Koagulationsherdes und der Leitfähigkeit des
Gewebes. Die komplizierten dynamischen Änderungen der Gewebe
eigenschaften im Verlaufe der Koagulation erschweren eine
Regelung der HF-Leistung von Hand. Die in dem genannten Sonder
abdruck des "Zentralblattes für Chirurgie" wiedergegebenen
experimentellen Daten zeigen, daß die Widerstandskurve des
Gewebes einen sehr flachen Verlauf hat. Es ist deshalb sehr
schwierig festzustellen, wann die Koagulation im gewünschten
Maße stattgefunden hat.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine HF-Koagulations
vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 be
reitzustellen, mit der die HF-Leistung automatisch so gesteuert
wird, daß eine homogene Koagulation ohne Verbrennungen erzielt
wird.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die
Steuerschaltung ein Differenzierglied aufweist, daß die erste
Ableitung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages bildet,
und daß die Steuerschaltung den HF-Generator dann abschaltet,
wenn der Differentialquotient des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impe
danzbetrages nahe Null ist.
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteran
sprüchen angegeben.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß sich unabhän
gig vom jeweiligen Gewebeaufbau bei bipolaren Koagulierungsin
strumenten und bei Anwendung unterschiedlicher Leistungen
gleichwohl typische Zeitverläufe des Impedanzbetrages während
der Koagulation ergeben, die jeweils den gleichen charakteri
stischen Verlauf aufweisen. Der Differentialquotient der Ei
weißimpedanz ist nicht nur für die Abschaltung der HF-Leistung
bedeutsam, sondern auch für die anfängliche Ansteuerung der
HF-Leistung.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung (Anspruch 4) ist
deshalb vorgesehen, daß die HF-Leistung nach Einschalten des
HF-Generators ansteigt und dann auf einem konstanten Wert ge
halten wird, wenn der Differentialquotient des Impedanzbetrages
einen vorgegebenen Sollwert erreicht. Auf diese Weise werden
unkontrollierte Vorgänge bei der anfänglichen Koagulierung ver
mieden. Es hat sich auch gezeigt, daß eine kontinuierliche Koa
gulation bis kurz vor Erreichen der Null-Stelle des Differen
tialquotienten des Impedanzverlaufes zu einer guten, homogenen
Koagulation ohne Verbrennungen führt. Die gewünschte Größe des
Koagulates kann auf einfache Weise durch Voreinstellung des
Soll-Wertes des Differentialquotienten festgelegt werden.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun unter Bezugnahme
auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigt
Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild einer analog arbei
tenden HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung,
Fig. 2 ein Diagramm, das den Verlauf typischer Eiweiß- bzw.
Gewebeimpedanzkurven für unterschiedliche Leistung
bzw. Zeit veranschaulicht, und
Fig. 3 ein Blockschaltbild einer digitalen Ausführungsform
einer HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung.
Bei dem in Fig. 1 veranschaulichten Blockschaltbild ist ein
Gewebe 15 angedeutet, in das das Koagulierungsinstrument ein
geführt ist. Mittels eines Impedanzmessers werden die Beträge (Z-Werte)
der Gewebeimpedanz laufend festgestellt und in einem Differen
zierglied 11 differenziert. Das Ausgangssignal des Differenzier
gliedes 11 ist somit ein Maß für den Differentialquotienten der
Gewebeimpedanzkurve. Dieses Signal wird einem I-Regler 12 zuge
führt, dessen Ausgang über einen Analogschalter 13 mit dem Ana
logspeicher 14 verbunden ist. Dem I-Regler 12 wird ferner eine
Spannung zugeführt, die sich über das Potentiometer P 1 einstel
len läßt und die einem bestimmten voreingestellten Wert des
Differentialquotienten entspricht. Diese Spannung wird auch
einem ersten Vergleicher V 1 zugeführt, der sie mit den Ausgangs
signalen des Differenziergliedes 11, also mit dem Differential
quotienten der Gewebeimpedanzkurve, vergleicht. Diese Anordnung
dient dazu, die Hochfrequenzleistung zu Beginn des Koagulations
vorganges je nach dem gewünschten Koagulationsvolumen optimal
einzustellen, wobei die Leistung und die Dauer der Anwendung
der Leistung miteinander korreliert sind, wie dies aus dem Dia
gramm gemäß Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist. Mit dem Potentiometer P 1 kann
die Koagulationsgeschwindigkeit, also das Volumen pro Zeiteinheit,
vorgewählt werden.
Ein zweiter Vergleicher V 2 empfängt eine über ein Potentio
meter P 2 eingestellte Spannung und vergleicht diese ebenfalls
mit den Ausgangswerten des Differenziergliedes 11. Das Poten
tiometer P 2 wird auf einen Wert des Differentialquotienten ein
gestellt, der in der Nähe von Null liegt. Insbesondere kurz vor
dem Minimum der Impedanzzeitkurve (Differentialquotient = Null)
sinkt der Wert des Differentialquotienten vom Differenzierglied 11
auf diesen Wert ab. Dann stellt der Vergleicher V 2 Übereinstim
mung fest und schaltet beispielsweise über das Relais R mit
Kontakt r die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 ab.
Ein Monitor 17 ist ebenfalls an das Differenzierglied 11 ange
schlossen und gibt eine akustische und/oder optische Anzeige
über den Verlauf des Differentialquotienten. Insbesondere kann
die Tonhöhe mit sich änderndem Differentialquotienten sich eben
falls in der gleichen Richtung ändern. Der Monitor 17 kann vom
Impedanzmesser 10 aus für verschiedene Größenordnungen der Im
pedanz voreinstellbar sein.
Die Funktionsweise der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 ist folgende:
Beim Schließen des Schalters S wird die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20
eingeschaltet und es baut sich über den Regelkreis der Elemen
te 10, 11, 12, 13 und 14 allmählich Leistung auf. Der Impedanz
wert wird vom Impedanzmesser 10 als kontinuierliches Signal an
das Differenzierglied 11 abgegeben, das wiederum ein kontinuier
liches Signal an den I-Regler 12 legt. Der I-Regler 12 gibt
nach dem Einschalten so lange eine von Null linear anstei
gende Ausgangsspannung ab, wie die Spannungsdifferenz zwischen
der Spannung vom Potentiometer P 1 und der dem augenblicklichen
Differentialquotienten entsprechenden Spannung an seinem Ein
gang ungleich Null ist. Die Ausgangsspannung des I -Reglers 12
wird über den Analogschalter 13 an den Analogspeicher 14 ge
legt, der beispielsweise als Sample-and-Hold-Kreis ausgeführt
sein kann. Die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 wird dann entsprechend
dem vom Analogspeicher abgegebenen Wert aufgeregelt. Erreicht
der Wert des Differentialquotienten den mittels des Potentio
meters P 1 eingestellten Wert, dann öffnet der Vergleicher V 1
den Analogschalter 13, so daß die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 mit
konstanter Leistung gemäß dem im Analogspeicher 14 gespeicher
ten Wert betrieben wird.
Die Erwärmung des Gewebes schreitet nun fort, wobei sich die
Impedanz, wie aus den Kurven gemäß Fig. 2 ersichtlich, allmäh
lich verringert. Der Wert des Differentialquotienten läuft von
einem negativen Ausgangswert entsprechend dem Fortschreiten der
Koagulation gegen Null. Wird der über das Potentiometer P 2 ein
gestellte Wert erreicht, schaltet der Vergleicher V 2 die Hoch
frequenzendstufe 20 ab, da dann die gewünschte Koagulation be
endet ist und die Leistung unmittelbar nach dem Nullwert des
Differentialquotienten je nach Lage des Arbeitspunktes auf der
Leistungs-Belastungswiderstandskennlinie des Koagulats eventuell
steil ansteigen würde, was zu Verbrennungen und Verschorfungen
des Gewebes führen könnte.
Das Diagramm nach Fig. 2 veranschaulicht Kurven mit verschie
denen Leistungswerten zwischen 3 und 6 Watt bei jeweils glei
chen Koagulatgrößen. Interessant ist die unterschiedliche nega
tive Steigung im Anfangsteil der Kurven bei verschiedenen HF-Lei
stungen. Diesen Wert kann man zur automatischen Einstellung der
Koagulationsleistung beim Start der Koagulation verwenden. Bei
solchermaßen über das Potentiometer P 1 eingestellter Leistung
erhält man das gewünschte Koagulat auch bei unterschiedlichen
Bedingungen immer in der gleichen Zeit.
Es zeigt sich somit, daß zu Beginn des gesamten Vorgangs eine
kontrollierte und geregelte Einstellung der Leistung mittels
des Potentiometers P 1 erzielt werden kann.
Anhand von Fig. 1 wurde eine Ausführungsform der HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung
beschrieben, die analog arbeitet.
Es ist jedoch auch ein digitaler Betrieb
möglich. In diesem Falle werden die gemessenen
Impedanzwerte mit einer hohen Abtastfrequenz digitalisiert.
Der Differentialquotient kann dann mittels eines Rechners be
stimmt werden, der die entsprechenden Werte an die Baueinhei
ten weitergibt, wie sie in der Fig. 1 aufgezeigt sind, wobei
diese dann analog oder digital ausgeführt sein können.
Fig. 3 veranschaulicht den Einsatz eines Digital-Rechners.
Ein Rechner 30 wird über ein Programm 31 gesteuert, das abhängig von
den gewünschten Parametern, entsprechend den Einstellungen
der Potentiometer P 1 und P 2, die verschiedenen Programmschrit
te im Rechner auslöst. Die laufend gemessenen Impedanzwerte
werden dem Rechner unter Digitalisierung zugeführt. Der Rech
ner besitzt einen Sollkurvenspeicher 32, in dem die verschie
denen Impedanzkurven bzw. die Werte des Differentialquotienten
dieser Impedanzkurven nach der Zeit gespeichert sind. Wie bei
33 angedeutet, erfolgt dann ein Kurvenvergleich unter Vergleich
der Differentialquotienten der gemessenen Impedanzkurve und
der gewählten Sollkurve. Der daraus abgeleitete Wert wird wie
derum dem Rechner 30 zugeführt, der dann ein dem Ausgangssignal
des Analogspeichers 13 entsprechendes Signal an die Hochfrequenz-
Endstufe 20 anlegt. Wie bei der analogen Ausführung nach Fig. 1
erfolgt also auch hier die Regelung so, daß mit einer möglichst
konstanten Hochfrequenzleistung gearbeitet wird.
Claims (8)
1. Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsvorrichtung für chirurgische
Zwecke, mit einem HF-Generator (20), einem Impedanzmeßgerät
(10) zum Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Impedanzbetrages
des zu koagulierenden Gewebes und mit einer Steuerschaltung
(10, 11, 12, 13, 14, V 1, P 1, V 2, P 2; 20, 30, 31, 32, 33), mit
der die HF-Leistungsabgabe in das Gewebe gesteuert wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Steuerschaltung ein Differenzierglied (11) aufweist,
das die erste Ableitung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbe
trages bildet, und daß die Steuerschaltung den HF-Generator
(20) dann abschaltet, wenn der Differentialquotient des zeitli
chen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages nahe Null ist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Abschaltung der HF-Leistung kurz vor Erreichen des
Null-Wertes des Differentialquotienten des zeitlichen Verlaufs
des Impedanzbetrages erfolgt.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der nahe Null gelegene Wert des Differentialquotienten des
zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzwertes vorwählbar ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die HF-Leistung nach Einschalten des HF-Generators (20) an
steigt und sobald der Differentialquotient des Impedanzbetrages
einen vorgegebenen Sollwert erreicht konstant gehalten wird.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein erster Vergleicher (V 1) vorhanden ist, der die gemesse
ne erste Ableitung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages
mit einem vorgegebenen Wert vergleicht und bei Erreichen dieses
Wertes die Verbindung eines I-Reglers (12) der dem Differen
zierglied (11) nachgeschaltet ist, mit einem Analogspeicher
(14) unterbricht, so daß der Analogspeicher (14) den HF-Genera
tor (20) mit dem zuletzt eingespeicherten Wert steuert.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein zweiter Vergleicher (V 2) vorhanden ist, der die vom
Differenzierglied (11) abgegebenen Werte des Differentialquo
tienten des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Impedanzwertes mit einem
vorgegebenen Wert vergleicht und bei Erreichen desselben einen
Schalter zur Unterbrechung der HF-Leistungsabgabe betätigt.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Erreichen des vorgegebenen Wertes im ersten und/oder im
zweiten Vergleicher (V 1 bzw. V 2) akustisch und/oder optisch an
gezeigt wird.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die gemessenen Impedanzwerte digitalisiert werden und daß
ein programmgesteuerter Rechner (30) vorhanden ist, der einen
Sollkurvenspeicher (32) besitzt, in dem die Werte verschiedener
Impedanzbetragskurven bzw. ihrer Differentialquotienten für
unterschiedliche Leistungs-/Zeitparameter gespeichert sind, und
daß der Rechner (30) abhängig von einem Vergleich der gemesse
nen Ist-Werte des Differentialquotienten der Impedanzbetrags
kurve mit denjenigen einer gewünschten Sollkurve des Differen
tialquotienten den HF-Generator (20) steuert.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813120102 DE3120102A1 (de) | 1981-05-20 | 1981-05-20 | Anordnung zur hochfrequenzkoagulation von eiweiss fuer chirurgische zwecke |
US06/377,932 US4474179A (en) | 1981-05-20 | 1982-05-13 | Method and apparatus for the high frequency coagulation of protein for surgical purposes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813120102 DE3120102A1 (de) | 1981-05-20 | 1981-05-20 | Anordnung zur hochfrequenzkoagulation von eiweiss fuer chirurgische zwecke |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3120102A1 DE3120102A1 (de) | 1982-12-09 |
DE3120102C2 true DE3120102C2 (de) | 1987-08-20 |
Family
ID=6132818
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813120102 Granted DE3120102A1 (de) | 1981-05-20 | 1981-05-20 | Anordnung zur hochfrequenzkoagulation von eiweiss fuer chirurgische zwecke |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4474179A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3120102A1 (de) |
Cited By (98)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3805921A1 (de) * | 1988-02-25 | 1989-09-07 | Flachenecker Gerhard | Hochfrequenz-leistungsgenerator |
DE3830193A1 (de) * | 1988-09-06 | 1990-03-15 | Hubmann Max | Verfahren und elektrische schaltung zur ermittlung und/oder begrenzung einer mittels katheter zugefuehrten hochfrequenzenergie |
DE3838840A1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Fischer Met Gmbh | Hochfrequenzkoagulationsvorrichtung fuer chirurgische zwecke |
DE3911416A1 (de) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-11 | Delma Elektro Med App | Elektrochirurgisches hochfrequenzgeraet |
DE3942998A1 (de) * | 1989-12-27 | 1991-07-04 | Delma Elektro Med App | Elektrochirurgisches hochfrequenzgeraet |
DE4308168A1 (de) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-09-23 | Conmed Corp | |
US5976128A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1999-11-02 | Gebrueder Berchtold Gmbh & Co. | Electrosurgical high frequency generator |
DE19827318A1 (de) * | 1998-06-19 | 1999-12-30 | Aesculap Ag & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der HF-Leistung bei einer elektro-chirurgischen Schneid- und/oder Koagulationsvorrichtung |
WO2009010080A1 (de) | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-22 | Stockert Ruediger | Vorrichtung für die thermochirurgie |
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DE3120102A1 (de) | 1982-12-09 |
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