DE3020348A1 - Smoothness tester for paper - uses record desk with metal head replacing needle and digital vibration spectrum display - Google Patents
Smoothness tester for paper - uses record desk with metal head replacing needle and digital vibration spectrum displayInfo
- Publication number
- DE3020348A1 DE3020348A1 DE19803020348 DE3020348A DE3020348A1 DE 3020348 A1 DE3020348 A1 DE 3020348A1 DE 19803020348 DE19803020348 DE 19803020348 DE 3020348 A DE3020348 A DE 3020348A DE 3020348 A1 DE3020348 A1 DE 3020348A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- smoothness
- metal head
- vibration spectrum
- smoothness tester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000001845 vibrational spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013214 routine measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/34—Paper
- G01N33/346—Paper sheets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
GLÄTTEPRÜFER FÜR DIE BESTIMMUNG DER OBERFLÄCHENGLÄTTESMOOTH TESTER FOR DETERMINING THE SMOOTH SURFACE
VON PAPIEREN Der Zweck der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt darin, auf einfache Weise die Oberflächenglätte von Papieren zu bestimmen, da die "Glättet' bzw. ihr komplementärer Begriff "Rauhigkeit" ein wichtiges Kriterium für viele Papiere ist.OF PAPERS The purpose of the present invention is to easy way to determine the surface smoothness of papers, because the "smooths" or its complementary term "roughness" is an important criterion for many papers is.
Grundsätzlich unterscheidet man zwischen direkten Glättemeßverfahren und indirekten Glättemeßverfahren.A basic distinction is made between direct smoothness measurement methods and indirect smoothness measurement methods.
In die erste Kategorie fallen Schräglichtbeleuchtungsgeräte, Interferenzmikroskope, Lichtschnittgeräte, Tastnadelgeräte und Kontaktanteilmeßgeräte. Zur zweiten Gruppe gehören Glanzmesser, Luftstrommeßgeräte und Reibungsmeßgeräte. Eine ausführliche Darstellung dazu findet sich in dem Sonderdruck ,Rundgespräch Glätteprüfung und Glätteerzeugung" (Güntter-Staib-Uerlag, 1978), Alle bisher bekannten Geräte weisen prinzipielle Mängel auf: Sie sind zu aufwendig in der Bedienung und zu teuer in der Anschaffung. Die Meßergebnisse sind ungenau und oft nicht reproduzierbar; es ist problematisch, sie in einem einzigen Zahlenwert zusammenzufassen, wie es für die Qualitätskontrolle z.B. zweckmäßig ist.The first category includes oblique lighting devices, interference microscopes, Light section devices, wand devices and contact proportion measuring devices. To the second group include gloss meters, airflow meters, and friction meters. A detailed one A description of this can be found in the special print, round-table discussion and smoothness test Smoothness production "(Güntter-Staib-Uerlag, 1978), All previously known devices show principal flaws: They are too complex to operate and too expensive to use the acquisition. The measurement results are imprecise and often not reproducible; it is problematic to summarize them in a single numerical value, as it is for the quality control is e.g. appropriate.
Es schien daher wünschenswert, ein einfaches Testgerät zu entwickeln, mit dem die Oberflächenglätte von Papieren korrekt und schnell zu ermitteln ist.It therefore seemed desirable to develop a simple test device, with which the surface smoothness of paper can be determined correctly and quickly.
Der Glätteprüfer, der im direkten Meßverfahren diese Forderungen erfüllt, besteht aus einer Kombination zwischen Plattenspieler und Frequenzzähler. Die Funktion des Gerätes basiert darauf, daß die Oberfläche der sich auf dem Plattenteller drehenden Papierprobe mit einem entsprechend modifizierten Tonarm abgetastet und die dabei erzeugte Schwingung mit Hilfe eines Frequenzzählers digital angezeigt wird. Die Erfindung wird durch folgendes Beispiel näher erläutert: Umbau eines Schallplattenspielers (Universum FV 501, Quelle Versand) zu einem Glätteprüfer.The smoothness tester, which fulfills these requirements in the direct measuring process, consists of a combination of a turntable and a frequency counter. The function of the device is based on the fact that the surface of the rotating on the turntable Paper sample scanned with an appropriately modified tonearm and the generated vibration is displayed digitally with the help of a frequency counter. the The invention is explained in more detail by the following example: Conversion of a record player (Universum FV 501, Quelle Versand) to a smoothness tester.
Hierzu sind im einzelnen folgende mechanische und elektrische Eingriffe notwendig: - Austausch der Saphirnadel durch eine metallniete (Fläche 20 mm2), die mit Zweikomponentenkleber am Kristall system befestigt wird.For this purpose, the following mechanical and electrical interventions are in detail necessary: - Replacing the sapphire needle with a metal rivet (area 20 mm2), which is attached to the crystal system with two-component adhesive.
- Anbringung eines verstellbaren Gegengewichts am Tonarm zur Regulierung des Auflagedrucks.- Attachment of an adjustable counterweight to the tonearm for regulation of the contact pressure.
- Auf den Plattenteller wird eine Metallscheibe gleichen Durchmessers gelegt, die als Unterlage Bür die Papierprobe dient. Das kreisförmig ausgestanzte Prüfmuster wird durch einen Metallring festgehalten.- A metal disk of the same diameter is placed on the platter placed, which serves as a base for the paper sample. The circular punched out The test sample is held in place by a metal ring.
- Eliminierung der automatischen Netzabschaltung und Einbau eines separaten Netzschalters.- Elimination of the automatic grid shutdown and installation of a separate power switch.
- Einbau eines einfachen Frequenzzählers (Elektor 4, 27 (1978) ) mit einem vierstelligem Siebensegment-Display und Ableitung der Torzeit von der Netzfrequenz. Der Zählereingang wird über einen Transformator an die parallel geschalteten niederohmigen Ausgänge der zwei internen IC-NF-Verstärker angepaßt. Die Anzeigeeinheit des Zählers wird in die Frontplatte des Gerätes eingesetzt.- Installation of a simple frequency counter (Elektor 4, 27 (1978)) with a four-digit seven-segment display and derivation of the gate time from the network frequency. The counter input is connected to the parallel-connected low-resistance via a transformer Outputs of the two internal IC-LF amplifiers adapted. The display unit of the counter is inserted in the front panel of the device.
Se weniger Unebenheiten die Papieroberfläche aufweist, um so kleiner ist die Zahl der hervorgerufenen Schwingungen. Die von dem Gerät angezeigte mittlere Frequenz ist daher umgekehrt proportional der Glätte.Als Beispiel sei ein für Tissuepapiere typisches Glättespektrum angeführt: Frequenz (kHz) Manuelle Tastglätte (Bewertungsziffer) 0,71 3 rauh 0,65 4 0,59 5 0,53 6 0,41 7 glatt Genaugenommen müßte die Frequenz vom Produkt aus Weichheit und Glätte des Papiermaterials abhängen. Eine eindeutige Korrelation mit der Weichheit konnte aber nicht gefunden werden.The less unevenness the paper surface has, the smaller it is is the number of vibrations produced. The average displayed by the device Frequency is therefore inversely proportional to smoothness. An example is for tissue papers Typical smoothness spectrum listed: Frequency (kHz) Manual smoothness (evaluation number) 0.71 3 rough 0.65 4 0.59 5 0.53 6 0.41 7 smooth Strictly speaking, the frequency should be from Product depend on the softness and smoothness of the paper material. A clear correlation with the softness but could not be found.
Unabhängig von der dominierenden Frequenz-Glätte-Beziehung wird die absolute Höhe der Frequenz vom Auflagedruck des Tastkopfes und dem Verstärkungs- und Höhenpegel des NF-Teils festgelegt. Die zu messende Probe wird nur minimal belastet; das Auflagegewicht beträgt 2 - 3 p. Der daraus resultierende spezifische Druck auf die Berührungsfläche von 1000 - 1500 Pa entspricht in etwa dem Druck des Fingers auf das Papier bei einer subjektiven Bewertung der Rauhigkeit.Regardless of the dominant frequency-smoothness relationship, the absolute level of the frequency of the contact pressure of the probe and the amplification and treble level of the LF part. The sample to be measured is only minimally stressed; the applied weight is 2 - 3 p. The resulting specific pressure on the contact area of 1000 - 1500 Pa corresponds roughly to the pressure of the finger on the paper with a subjective evaluation of the roughness.
Die Lautstärkeregler werden so einjustiert, daß eine stabile Zählung erfolgt. Der Zähler darf im Leerlauf mit arretiertem Tonarm noch nicht ansprechen. Die Höhen werden nicht beschnitten. Die Geschwindigkeit wird auf 33 UpM eingestellt.The volume controls are adjusted so that a stable count he follows. The counter must not yet respond while idling with the tonearm locked. The highs are not clipped. The speed is set at 33 rpm.
Die Zählfrequenz ist nicht stabil, sondern schwankt während des Meßvorgangs etwas. Es ist daher nötig, die für-ein Muster charakteristische Durchschnittsfrequenz aus 5 - 10 Einzelablesungen zu errechnen.The counting frequency is not stable, but fluctuates during the measurement process some. It is therefore necessary to determine the average frequency characteristic of a sample to be calculated from 5 - 10 individual readings.
Bei einer Torzeit von 1 s z.B. dauert eine Messung 5 - 10 s.With a gate time of 1 s, for example, a measurement takes 5 - 10 s.
Das beschriebene Gerät hat sich im Prüflabor bei den täglichen Routinemessungen der komplexen Produkteigenschaft Glätte gut bewährt. Abweichungen vom vereinbarten Glättestandard lassen sich rasch und sicher feststellen. Es gelingt mit einem solchen Gerät, Glättenuancen zu erkennen, an denen bisher bekannte Glätteprüfgeräte scheitern.The device described has been used in the test laboratory for daily routine measurements the complex product property of smoothness has proven its worth. Deviations from the agreed The smoothness standard can be determined quickly and reliably. It works with one of these Device to recognize smoothness nuances, where previously known smoothness testers fail.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803020348 DE3020348A1 (en) | 1980-05-29 | 1980-05-29 | Smoothness tester for paper - uses record desk with metal head replacing needle and digital vibration spectrum display |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803020348 DE3020348A1 (en) | 1980-05-29 | 1980-05-29 | Smoothness tester for paper - uses record desk with metal head replacing needle and digital vibration spectrum display |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3020348A1 true DE3020348A1 (en) | 1981-12-03 |
Family
ID=6103478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803020348 Withdrawn DE3020348A1 (en) | 1980-05-29 | 1980-05-29 | Smoothness tester for paper - uses record desk with metal head replacing needle and digital vibration spectrum display |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3020348A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0372690A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-06-13 | Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited | An apparatus for determining the surface roughness of a material |
WO2001044753A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-21 | Lidköping Machine Tools AB | A method and an apparatus for measuring roundness errors |
WO2007093484A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-23 | Grüner, Alexander | Method and apparatus for determining the softness of hygienic papers and textiles |
-
1980
- 1980-05-29 DE DE19803020348 patent/DE3020348A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0372690A1 (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-06-13 | Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited | An apparatus for determining the surface roughness of a material |
US5014547A (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1991-05-14 | Stresswave Technology Limited | Apparatus for determining the surface roughness of a material |
WO2001044753A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-21 | Lidköping Machine Tools AB | A method and an apparatus for measuring roundness errors |
WO2007093484A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-23 | Grüner, Alexander | Method and apparatus for determining the softness of hygienic papers and textiles |
US8082791B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2011-12-27 | Alexander Gruener | Method and device for determining the softness of sanitary papers and textiles |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |