DE2946546A1 - IC engine exhaust gas utilisation turbine - has alternately offset blades forming labyrinth replacing exhaust silencer - Google Patents

IC engine exhaust gas utilisation turbine - has alternately offset blades forming labyrinth replacing exhaust silencer

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Publication number
DE2946546A1
DE2946546A1 DE19792946546 DE2946546A DE2946546A1 DE 2946546 A1 DE2946546 A1 DE 2946546A1 DE 19792946546 DE19792946546 DE 19792946546 DE 2946546 A DE2946546 A DE 2946546A DE 2946546 A1 DE2946546 A1 DE 2946546A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
turbine
arrangement according
labyrinth
exhaust
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19792946546
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German (de)
Inventor
Albert 7033 Herrenberg Honold
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19792946546 priority Critical patent/DE2946546A1/en
Publication of DE2946546A1 publication Critical patent/DE2946546A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
    • F01N1/18—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts having rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/06—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an inertial, e.g. centrifugal, device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/14—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for modifying or adapting flow area or back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/02—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement
    • F01N2290/04—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement driven by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Abstract

The turbine uses the exhaust gas from an i.c. engine, the turbine wheel (2) feeding the pressure and flow energy to the engine or direct to the vehicle via a pulley drive. The turbine blades (3,4) are alternately radially offset to form a rotating labyrinth. The labyrinth acts as a noise damper, and replaces the exhaust silencer. The turbine blades extend from an inner limiting cylinder (9) to the outer radius of the turbine wheel, and are convexly curved. Between engine and turbine one or more exhaust pipes are available for gas cooling.

Description

unordnung eines Gerätes zur Nutzbarmachung der Auspuffgasedisorder of a device for utilizing the exhaust gases

von Verbrennungsmotoren.of internal combustion engines.

In der Vatentschrift Nr. 24115546 wurde von mir ein Verfahren zur Nutzbarmachung der Auspuffgase von Verbrennungsmotoren gezeigt. Es wunde auch eine erste Anordnung gezeigt, die den Kraftstoffverbrauch ohne Leistungsminderung verringert. Angaben iiber die Kraftstoffeinsparung konntendamals noch nicht gemacht werden.In the Vatentschrift Nr. 24115546 a procedure for Utilization of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines shown. It also sore one shown first arrangement that reduces fuel consumption without degrading performance. At that time, it was not yet possible to provide information on fuel savings.

In mehrjährigen Versuchen wurde nun eine neue Anordnung erfunden, die beträchtliche iQraftstoffeillsparungen erzielt und darüber hinaus noch die Auspufftöpfe ersetzt. Das Gerät wurde in einem Audi 100 im Dauertest von 40 000 km erprobt. Die erreichte Kraftstoffeinsparung lag bei 30%, bei Fahrgeschwindigkeiten von 100 km/h sowie 150 km/h, was durch die in Figur 1 und 2 gezeigte nordnung.in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht wurde.In experiments lasting several years, a new arrangement has now been invented, which achieved considerable fuel savings and also the mufflers replaced. The device was tested in an Audi 100 in an endurance test of 40,000 km. the The fuel saving achieved was 30% at a driving speed of 100 km / h and 150 km / h, which is advantageous due to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 Way was achieved.

Das Gerät kann als Abgasturbine bezeichnet werden, die Turbine ist so ausgelegt, daß sie die oder den Auspufftopf (Schalldämpfer) ersetzt. Die Produktionskosten der Turbine sind schätzungsweise nicht oder nur unweaentlich höher als die des ttuspufftopfes. Beim Dauerlauf iiber 40 000 km wurde weder ein sichtbarer Verschleiß an den Lagern noch an den Turbinenschaufeln festgestellt, obwohl das Turbinenrad nicht ausgewuchtet wurde und auch nicht aus hitzebeständigem Stahl besteht. Herkömmliche Abgasturbinen sitzen unmittelbar am Motor und sind extremen Temperaturen ausgesetzt. Man verwendet dort teilweise hitzebeständige Keramikwerkstoffe. Die hier beschriebene Turbine ist in einem ausreichend großen Abstand vom liotor-Auspuff-Krümmer angeordnet, sodaß die Abgase beim Eintritt in die Turbine bereits beträchtlich abgekühlt sind.The device can be called an exhaust turbine, which is the turbine designed to replace the muffler (s). The cost of production of the turbine are estimated not or only slightly higher than those of the exhaust muffler. In the endurance run over 40,000 km, there was no visible wear on the bearings still detected on the turbine blades, although the turbine wheel is not balanced and is not made of heat-resistant steel. Conventional exhaust gas turbines sit directly on the engine and are exposed to extreme temperatures. One uses there partly heat-resistant ceramic materials. The turbine described here is arranged at a sufficiently large distance from the liotor exhaust manifold, so that the exhaust gases have already cooled considerably when they enter the turbine.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das Turbinengehäuse (1) sowie das Turbinenrad (2). Das Turbinenrad besteht aus einer Vielzahl von innen liegenden Schaufeln (3) sowie außen liegenden Schaufeln (4). Die Innenschaufeln beginnen am inneren Begrenzungszylinder (9) und enden in einer gewissen Entfernung vor dem Außenradius des Turbinenrades. Die Außenschaufeln beginnen am Außenradius und enden in einer gewissen Entfernung vor dem inneren Begrenzungszylinder. Das Turbinenrad ist am Außenradius offen für den Gaseintritt.Figure 1 shows a cross section through the turbine housing (1) and the turbine wheel (2). The turbine wheel consists of a large number of internal ones Blades (3) and outer blades (4). The inner blades start on inner limiting cylinder (9) and end a certain distance before the outer radius of the turbine wheel. The outer blades start at the outer radius and end in one certain distance in front of the inner limiting cylinder. The turbine wheel is on Outer radius open for gas entry.

Sowohl die Innenschaufeln als auch die Außenschaufeln dienen als Antriebs- wie auch als Leitschaufeln. Durch diese Anordnung der Schaufeln ergeben sich axial verlaufende Schlitze, die ein rotierendes Labyrinth bilden. Das Labyrinth dient einerseits als Schalldämpfer und andererseits zusammen mit der an den rotor angepaßten festen Obersetzung als selbstregelndes "Ventil", das den üblichen drehzahlabhängigen Staudruckanstieg in der Auspuffanlage verringert, und dadurch besonders bei Vollast die Spülung der Verbrennungsräume verbessert. Dieser Vorteil wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil aufgeführten Maßnahmen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik besonders hervorgehoben. Der Beweis wurde durch die Verringerung des CO-Gehaltes der Abgase auf Werte unter 0,5% erbracht.Both the inner blades and the outer blades serve as drive as well as guide vanes. This arrangement of the blades results in axial running slots that form a rotating labyrinth. The maze serves on the one hand as a silencer and on the other hand together with the one adapted to the rotor fixed gear ratio as a self-regulating "valve" that uses the usual speed-dependent Reduced back pressure increase in the exhaust system, and therefore especially at full load the purging of the combustion chambers is improved. This advantage is due to the in the distinctive Part of the measures listed above are particularly highlighted compared to the state of the art. The proof was by reducing the CO content of the exhaust gases to values below 0.5% achieved.

Der Winkel zwischen Abgaseintritt und Abgasaustritt wurde mit null Grad ausgeführt (parallele Anordnung), was aus praktischen Gesichtspunkten erfolgte. Es ist möglich, daß ein größerer Winkel von beispielsweise 15 bis 30 Grad die Schalldämpfung noch verbessert, da Schall sich bekanntlich auch entgegen der Strömungsrichtung ausbreitet. Ferner kann das Turbinenrad zwei-oder mehrstufig erweitert werden, wobei der Abgasaustritt dem Eintritt der nächsten Stufe zueführt wird.The angle between the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet was zero Degree executed (parallel arrangement), which was done from a practical point of view. It is possible that a larger angle of for example 15 to 30 degrees reduces the sound attenuation even better, since sound is known to also move against the direction of flow spreads. Furthermore, the turbine wheel can be expanded in two or more stages, with the exhaust gas outlet is fed to the inlet of the next stage.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die Lagerung von Turbine und Keilriemenscheibe. Die Welle (5) ist in dem Gehäuse (8) gelagert. Das Lagergehäuse besitzt einen Flansch, an dem das Turbinengehäuse befestigt ist. Die Kugel- oder Gleitlager (6) sind mit Dichtungselementen (7) versehen. Das Lagergehäuse besitzt eine Ölfüllung, die auch bei höheren Temperaturen eine gute Schmierung garantiert. Beim bisherigen Dauerversuch wurden keine nennenswertenölwerluste festgestellt. Turbinenrad (2) und Riemenscheibe (10r sind mit muttern auf der Welle (5) befestigt.Figure 2 shows a cross section through the bearing of the turbine and V-belt pulley. The shaft (5) is mounted in the housing (8). That The bearing housing has a flange to which the turbine housing is attached. the Ball or slide bearings (6) are provided with sealing elements (7). The bearing housing has an oil filling that guarantees good lubrication even at higher temperatures. In the long-term test to date, no significant oil losses were found. The turbine wheel (2) and belt pulley (10r) are fastened to the shaft (5) with nuts.

Claims (9)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. Anordnung einer Abgasturbine zur Ausnutzung der Abgasenergie von Verbrennungsmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Turbinenrad (2) die Druck- und Strömungsenergie dem rotor oder direkt dem Fahrzeug über einen Riementrieb zuführt, was bei gleicher Notorleistung eine beträchtliche Kraftstoffeinsparung erbringt. P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. Arrangement of an exhaust gas turbine for Utilization of the exhaust gas energy from internal combustion engines, characterized in that the turbine wheel (2) supplies the pressure and flow energy to the rotor or directly to the vehicle via a belt drive, which is a considerable with the same notor's performance Saving fuel. 2. Anordnung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Turbinenschaufeln (3) und (4) abwechselnd radial versetzt sind und somit ein rotierendes Labyrinth bilden, da als Schalldämpfer wirkt und den Auspufftopf ersetzt, wobei keine Erhöhung der Auspuffgerausche entsteht. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine blades (3) and (4) are alternately radially offset and thus a rotating labyrinth as it acts as a muffler and replaces the muffler, with no increase the exhaust noise arises. 3. Anordnung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Turbinenschaufeln vom inneren Begrenzungszylinder (9) bis zum Außenradius es Turbinenrades reichen, also keine axialen Schlitze, dafür aber radial und bzw. axial versetzte Bohrungen besitzen, und dadurch ebenfalls ein schalldämpfendes Labyrinth bilden.3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that all turbine blades from the inner limiting cylinder (9) to the outer radius of the turbine wheel extend, so none axial slots, but have radially and or axially offset bores, and thus also form a sound-absorbing labyrinth. 4. Anordnung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Turbinenschaufeln (3) und (4) in Strömungsrichtung konvex gekrümmt sind, was eine Erhöhung des otaudruckes und der Turbulenz bewirkt und damit die Energieausnutzung sowie die Schalldämpfung verbessert. Die konvexe Schaufelform snart dariiber hinaus Kosten, da andernfalls mehr Schaufeln eingebaut werden müßten.4. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine blades (3) and (4) are convexly curved in the direction of flow, which increases the discharge pressure and the turbulence causes and thus the energy utilization and the sound absorption improved. The convex blade shape also reduces costs, since otherwise more blades would have to be installed. 5. Anordnung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen lotor und Turbine ein oder mehrere genügend lange Abgasrohre fiir Abkühlung der Abgase sorgen (Wärmetauscherwirkung ), sodaß keine schädlich heißen Abgase die Turbine erreichen.5. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that between The rotor and turbine have one or more exhaust pipes long enough for cooling the Ensure exhaust gases (heat exchanger effect ), so that none are called harmful Exhaust gases reach the turbine. 6. Anordnung, nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in den Untersprüchen 2 und 3 beschriebene notierende Labyrinth zusammen mit der Drehzahlanpassung d i.iementriebs einen variablen Strömungswiderstand bildet, der en rückwirkenden Staudruck auf den Motor verringert und dadurch eine Verbesserung des Spülens und Füllens der Verbrennungsräume erreicht wird, was eine Verbesserung der Verbrertaung (Minderung des CO-Gehaltes der Abgase) und somit wiederum bei gleicher Motorleistung eine bessere Kraftstoffausnutzung erbringt.6. Arrangement according to claim i, characterized in that the in Noting labyrinth described in sub-claims 2 and 3 together with the speed adjustment d i.iementriebs forms a variable flow resistance, which is retroactive Back pressure on the engine is reduced and thereby an improvement in purging and Filling of the combustion chambers is achieved, which improves combustion (Reduction of the CO content of the exhaust gases) and thus again with the same engine power provides better fuel economy. 7. Anordnung,nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweites Tlirbinenrad mit dem ersten verschraubt wird, sodaß eine zweistufige Turbine sich ergibt, wobei er Auslaß der ersten Stufe dem Einlass der zweiten Stufe zugeführt wird, was eine weitere Energieausnutzung und Schalldämpfung bewirkt.7. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a second Tlirbinenrad is screwed to the first, so that a two-stage turbine itself results, wherein the outlet of the first stage is fed to the inlet of the second stage which causes further energy utilization and sound absorption. 8. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lagergehäuse (8) durch Dichtelemente(7) gegen die Welle (5) abgedichtet ist und daß das Lagergehäuse eine Ölfüllung besitzt, die auch bei höheren Temperaturen eine hohe Lebensdauer der Lager (6) ermöglicht.8. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing housing (8) is sealed against the shaft (5) by sealing elements (7) and that the bearing housing has an oil filling that has a long service life even at higher temperatures the bearing (6) allows. 9. Anordnung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in den Unteransprüchen 2 und 3 beschriebene Labyrinth so ausgelegt wird, daß sich eine Übersetzung von 1 : 1 ergibt, d. h. daß das Turbinengehäuse am motorblock und das Turbinenrad an der Kurbelwelle befestigt werden kann, wobei der Riementrieb und die zusätzliche Turbinenlagerung entfallen.9. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the in the dependent claims 2 and 3 described labyrinth is designed so that a Translation of 1: 1 results, i. H. that the turbine housing on the engine block and the Turbine wheel can be attached to the crankshaft, the belt drive and there is no need for additional turbine bearings.
DE19792946546 1979-11-17 1979-11-17 IC engine exhaust gas utilisation turbine - has alternately offset blades forming labyrinth replacing exhaust silencer Ceased DE2946546A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792946546 DE2946546A1 (en) 1979-11-17 1979-11-17 IC engine exhaust gas utilisation turbine - has alternately offset blades forming labyrinth replacing exhaust silencer

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792946546 DE2946546A1 (en) 1979-11-17 1979-11-17 IC engine exhaust gas utilisation turbine - has alternately offset blades forming labyrinth replacing exhaust silencer

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DE2946546A1 true DE2946546A1 (en) 1981-05-21

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3303969A1 (en) * 1983-02-05 1984-08-09 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Drive assembly with combustion engine, exhaust turbocharger and additional exhaust gas turbine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3303969A1 (en) * 1983-02-05 1984-08-09 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Drive assembly with combustion engine, exhaust turbocharger and additional exhaust gas turbine

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