DE2939169A1 - Prodn. of methane from agricultural waste - using two stage process with initial acid stage followed by alkaline fermentation - Google Patents

Prodn. of methane from agricultural waste - using two stage process with initial acid stage followed by alkaline fermentation

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Publication number
DE2939169A1
DE2939169A1 DE19792939169 DE2939169A DE2939169A1 DE 2939169 A1 DE2939169 A1 DE 2939169A1 DE 19792939169 DE19792939169 DE 19792939169 DE 2939169 A DE2939169 A DE 2939169A DE 2939169 A1 DE2939169 A1 DE 2939169A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
digester
biomass
acid reactor
manure
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19792939169
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German (de)
Inventor
Antrag Auf Nichtnennung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OEKOTHERM VERTRIEBS GmbH
Original Assignee
OEKOTHERM VERTRIEBS GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by OEKOTHERM VERTRIEBS GmbH filed Critical OEKOTHERM VERTRIEBS GmbH
Priority to DE19792939169 priority Critical patent/DE2939169A1/en
Publication of DE2939169A1 publication Critical patent/DE2939169A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

Treatment of a biomass such as liq. manure, manure or abattoir waste for conversion to biogas (2/3 CH2, 1/3 CO2), comprises a initial stage which is carried out under acid conditions (pH5).The subsequent stage of the process is under alkaline to neutral conditions. The reactor contains an inner vessel for the acidic reaction. Residence time in the acid stage is ca. -3 days. The feed enters the acid reactor from the base and overflows from the top. For use on forms or other agricultural establishments, and pref provides a profitable method for using form waste with good gas yield.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung einer Biomasse zu Biogas. Method and device for processing a biomass into biogas.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verarbeitung einer Biomasse wie Gülle, Kot oder Schlachtereiabfälle durch anaeroben Abbau in einem alkalischen Medium zu Biogas und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for processing a biomass such as manure, excrement or slaughterhouse waste through anaerobic degradation in an alkaline Medium for biogas and a device for carrying out the process.

Der Kreislauf des Kohlenstoffs in der Natur ist im wesentlichen gekennzeichnet durch Fixierung des in der Luft enthaltenen Kohlenstoffdioxyds in Form von organischen Verbindungen, die in der Pflanze bei der Photosynthese gebildet werden. Der größte Teil der erzeugten Biomasse zerfällt in der Rtickreaktion an der Luft meist mit Hilfe aerober Bakterien wieder in Kohlenstoffdioxyd und Wasser. Unter anaeroben Bedingungen und im neutralen bis schwach alkalischen pH-Bereich ist es jedoch möglich, den Abbau so zu steuern, daß das entstehende Gas tiberwiegend zu 2/3 aus Methan und zu 1/3 aus CO2 besteht. Daneben werden noch geringe Mengen von H2S und NH3 gebildet. Der Rückstand findet dann Verwendung als hochwertiger Dünger.The cycle of carbon in nature is essentially characterized by fixing the carbon dioxide contained in the air in the form of organic ones Compounds that are formed in the plant during photosynthesis. The biggest Part of the generated biomass usually decays in the reverse reaction in the air Help aerobic bacteria turn back into carbon dioxide and water. Under anaerobic Conditions and in the neutral to weakly alkaline pH range, however, it is possible to control the degradation in such a way that 2/3 of the gas produced consists mainly of methane and 1/3 consists of CO2. In addition, small amounts of H2S and NH3 are formed. The residue is then used as a high-quality fertilizer.

Die bekannten Anlagen zur Biogasbildung sind entweder in der Anschaffung für den Einsatz in der Landwirtschaft zu teuer oder sie leisten nicht genug, so daß sie insgesamt zu unrentabel sind.The known plants for biogas generation are either being purchased too expensive for use in agriculture or them Afford not enough that they are altogether too unprofitable.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung zu schaffen, das einerseits für die Landwirtschaft rentabel einsetzbar ist und mit dem andererseits gute Ausbeuten erzielt werden können.The invention is based on the object of a method of the above to create named genus, which can be used profitably for agriculture on the one hand and with which, on the other hand, good yields can be achieved.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Biomasse vor der Behandlung im neutralen bis leicht alkalischen Medium einer Säuerung unterworfen wird.According to the invention this object is achieved in that the biomass subjected to acidification in a neutral to slightly alkaline medium before treatment will.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich vorteilhaft dadurch aus, daßSlnsbesondere auch in einem landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb rentabel einsetzbar ist.The method according to the invention is advantageously characterized in that that it can also be used profitably in an agricultural operation is.

Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, einen Faulbehälter mit Zu- und Ableitungen für die Biomasse sowie eine Ableitung für das entstandene Biogas zu schaffen, mit dem das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit einem Minimum an aufzuwendender Energie durchführbar ist.Another task is a digester with inlet and Discharges for the biomass as well as a discharge for the resulting biogas create, with which the inventive method with a minimum of expenditures Energy is feasible.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß in dem Faulbehälter ein Säurereaktor angeordnet ist.According to the invention this object is achieved in that in the digester an acid reactor is arranged.

Hierdurch ist es möglich, die in dem Säurereaktor eingeführte Biomasse besonders rationell auf die erforderliche Reakttnstemperatur zu erhitzen, da die bei der Methanbildung freigesetzte Reaktionswärme zur Erwärmung mit verwendet werden kann.This makes it possible to use the biomass introduced into the acid reactor particularly efficient to heat to the required reaction temperature, since the The heat of reaction released during methane formation can also be used for heating can.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen sowie in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher gekennzeichnet.Advantageous refinements of the invention are set out in the subclaims as well as in the following description.

Die Erfindung wird anhand des Beispieles der Zeichnung näher erlautet.The invention is explained in more detail using the example of the drawing.

Gülle mit einem Feststoffgehalt von bis zu 12 % wird aus einem Vorlagerbehälter von unten durch ein Rohr2in einem im Innern eines Faulbehälters 3 angeordneten Säurereaktor 1 gepumpt. Der Säurereaktor 1 ist vorteilhaft so dimensioniert, daß die täglich eingepumpte Güllemenge sich drei Tage in ihm befindet und anschließend in den umgebenen Faulbehälter3abgegeben wird.Während dieser Zeit wird die Gülle mittels in dem Faulbehälter 3 angeordnet: Heizschlangen sowie der den Säurereaktor 1 umgebeliien Gülle auf die erforderliche Reaktionstemperatur gebracht.Slurry with a solids content of up to 12% is taken from a storage tank from below through a pipe 2 in an acid reactor arranged inside a digester 3 1 pumped. The acid reactor 1 is advantageously dimensioned so that the daily The amount of manure pumped in is in it for three days and then in the surrounding area Digestion tank3 is released. During this time, the manure is by means of in the digester 3 arranged: heating coils and the liquid manure surrounding the acid reactor 1 brought the required reaction temperature.

Im Säurereaktor 1 wird die Gülle in den Zustand versetzt, in dem die Biogasproduktion voll anläuft, wobei eichzeitig eine teilweise Zersetzung der organischen Stoffe erfolgt. Der pH-Wert der Gülle, der von Haus aus zwischen 7,5 und 8,5 liegt , wird innerhalb des ersten Tages im Säurereaktor durch die Erwärmung und die erste Verarbeitung bis auf einen pH-Wert 5 gesenkt. Durch die im Faulbehälter 3 ablaufende Reaktion wird der pH-Wert nachfolgend auf 6,9 - 7,1 angehoben.In the acid reactor 1, the manure is put into the state in which the Biogas production starts fully, with a partial decomposition of the organic Substances takes place. The pH of the manure, which is naturally between 7.5 and 8.5 , is heated within the first day in the acid reactor and the first Processing reduced to a pH value of 5. By running in the digester 3 In the reaction, the pH is subsequently raised to 6.9-7.1.

Im Faulbehälter 3 wird bei Temperaturen zwischen 370 bis 560 C unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff die Biomasse in Biogas (2/3 CH4, 1/3 CO2) verwandelt, wobei die Feststoffe vollständig verarbeitet werden. Hierbei ist es zur gleichmäßigen Gaserzeugung wichtig, daß die Temperatur im Innern des Faulbehälters 3 konstant gehalten wird. Dies erfolgt über Heizspiralen und Umwälzpumpen, die mittels Thermostaten geregelt werden.In the digester 3 is at temperatures between 370 to 560 C below Exclusion of oxygen converts the biomass into biogas (2/3 CH4, 1/3 CO2), whereby the solids are fully processed. Here it is for the even Gas generation is important that the temperature inside the digester 3 is constant is held. This takes place via heating coils and circulation pumps, which are operated by means of thermostats be managed.

Bei der Gasproduktion ändert sich das spezifische Gewicht der Biomasse je nach fortschreitendem Verarbeitungsverlauf. Es besteht dabei die Gefahr, daß die leichten Feststoffe sich an der Oberfläche sammeln und sich dort als Schwemmschicht festsetzen.During gas production, the specific weight of the biomass changes depending on the progress of the processing. There is a risk that the light solids collect on the surface and form an alluvial layer fix.

Dies hat zur Folge, daß eine unerwünschte Temperaturerhöhung eintritt, wodurch der Vergasungsprozeß unterbrochen wird.This has the consequence that an undesired increase in temperature occurs, whereby the gasification process is interrupted.

Zur Beseitigung der Schwemmschicht werden die schwereren Biomassenanteile im unteren Teil des Faulbehälters mit Hilfe einer Umwälzpumpe 4 durch ein Rohr 5 und eine Hochdruckdüse 6 auf die sich bildende Schwemmschicht gesprüht und letztere dadurch beseitigt. Dieser Vorgang wird periodisch wiederholt und dadurch die Biogaserzeugung unbehindert fortgesetzt.The heavier biomass fractions are used to remove the alluvial layer in the lower part of the digester with the aid of a circulation pump 4 through a pipe 5 and a high pressure nozzle 6 sprayed onto the evacuating layer and the latter thereby eliminated. This process is repeated periodically and thereby the production of biogas continued unhindered.

Das gebildete Biogas wird im oberen Teil des Faulbehälters 3 über geeignete Ventilanordnungen einem Gasverbraucher zugeführt. Die entgaste Gülle sammelt sich auf Grund ihres spezifischen Gewichtes im unteren Drittel des Baulbehälters 3 und wird dort durch den Überdruck, der durch das Einpumpen der frischen Gülle in den Säurereaktor 1 in dem Faulbehälter 3 entsteht, über ein Ablaufrohr 7 einem Lagerbehälter zugeführt und findet Verwendung als hochwertiger Dünger.The biogas formed is in the upper part of the digester 3 over suitable valve arrangements supplied to a gas consumer. The degassed manure collects due to their specific weight in the lower third of the building container 3 and is there due to the overpressure caused by pumping in the fresh manure arises in the acid reactor 1 in the digester 3, via a drain pipe 7 a Storage container and is used as a high-quality fertilizer.

Claims (7)

Patentansprüche 11.)Verfahren zur Verarbeitung einer Biomasse wie Gülle, Kot oder Schlachtereiabfälle durch anaeroben Abbau in einem alkalischen Medium zu Biogas, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Biomasse vor der Behandlung im neutralen bis alkalischen Medium einer Säuerung unterworfen wird. Claims 11.) A method for processing a biomass such as Liquid manure, manure or slaughterhouse waste through anaerobic degradation in an alkaline medium to biogas, characterized in that the biomass before treatment in the neutral until alkaline medium is subjected to acidification. 2. Faulbehälter mit Zu- und Ableitungen für die Biomasse sowie einer Ableitung für das entstandene Biogas zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Faulbehälter (3) ein Säurereaktor (1) angeordnet ist. 2. Digestion tank with supply and discharge lines for the biomass and one Derivation for the resulting biogas for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that an acid reactor (1) is arranged in the digester (3) is. 3. Faulbehälter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Säurereaktor (1) derart dimensioniert ist, daß die periodisch zugeführte Biomasse sich drei Tage in dem Säurereaktor befindet. 3. digester according to claim 2, characterized in that the Acid reactor (1) is dimensioned such that the periodically supplied biomass is in the acid reactor for three days. 4. Faulbehälter nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Biomasse dem Säurereaktor(1) von unten zuführbar ist. 4. digester according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the biomass can be fed to the acid reactor (1) from below. 5. Faulbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Säurereaktor oben geöffnet ist. 5. digester according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that the acid reactor is open at the top. 6. Faulbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Innern des Faulbehälters (3) ein mit einer Umwälzpumpe (4) versehenes Rohr (5) angeordnet ist, dessen untere oeffnung sich im unteren Teil des Faulbehälters (3) befindet und dessen obere öffnung eine Hochdruckdüse (6) aufweist, die auf die Oberfläche der zu vergasenden Biomasse gerichtet ist. 6. digester according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that that inside the digester (3) a pipe provided with a circulation pump (4) (5) is arranged, the lower opening of which is in the lower part of the digester (3) and the upper opening of which has a high-pressure nozzle (6) which points to the Surface of the biomass to be gasified is directed. 7. Faulbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Innern des Faulbehälters (3) über Thermostate steuerbare Heizspiralen und Umwälzanlagen angeordnet sind,7. digester according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that that inside the digester (3) via thermostats controllable heating coils and Circulation systems are arranged,
DE19792939169 1979-09-27 1979-09-27 Prodn. of methane from agricultural waste - using two stage process with initial acid stage followed by alkaline fermentation Ceased DE2939169A1 (en)

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DE19792939169 DE2939169A1 (en) 1979-09-27 1979-09-27 Prodn. of methane from agricultural waste - using two stage process with initial acid stage followed by alkaline fermentation

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DE19792939169 DE2939169A1 (en) 1979-09-27 1979-09-27 Prodn. of methane from agricultural waste - using two stage process with initial acid stage followed by alkaline fermentation

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2543129A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-09-28 Bertin & Cie IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITIES AND METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION AND PREPARATION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION IN TWO PHASES
EP0299369A2 (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-18 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Decentralized clarification process
DE3843789A1 (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-07-13 Langer Bsa Maschf Process and apparatus for treating organic waste products made of solids and liquids, in particular slurry (liquid manure)
DE3835468C1 (en) * 1988-10-18 1990-01-25 Gemabau Gesellschaft Fuer Maschinenanlagen Mbh, 2371 Borgstedt, De Process and apparatus for liquid manure treatment
DE4233873A1 (en) * 1992-10-08 1994-04-14 Gemabau Ges Fuer Maschinenanla Manure and sewage processing - by storing matter for set period before heating in a reaction container followed by sepg. into fluid and solid matter
DE202011106472U1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-01-08 4Biogas Gmbh & Co. Kg Biogas reactor with a reactor vessel

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2543129A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-09-28 Bertin & Cie IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITIES AND METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION AND PREPARATION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION IN TWO PHASES
EP0120772A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-10-03 Bertin & Cie Installations and processes for the biological purification and production of combustible gases by anaerobic two-phase fermentation
EP0299369A2 (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-18 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Decentralized clarification process
US4940544A (en) * 1987-07-17 1990-07-10 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Decentral wastewater treatment process
EP0299369A3 (en) * 1987-07-17 1991-06-19 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Decentralized clarification process
DE3843789A1 (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-07-13 Langer Bsa Maschf Process and apparatus for treating organic waste products made of solids and liquids, in particular slurry (liquid manure)
DE3835468C1 (en) * 1988-10-18 1990-01-25 Gemabau Gesellschaft Fuer Maschinenanlagen Mbh, 2371 Borgstedt, De Process and apparatus for liquid manure treatment
DE4233873A1 (en) * 1992-10-08 1994-04-14 Gemabau Ges Fuer Maschinenanla Manure and sewage processing - by storing matter for set period before heating in a reaction container followed by sepg. into fluid and solid matter
DE202011106472U1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-01-08 4Biogas Gmbh & Co. Kg Biogas reactor with a reactor vessel

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