DE2913865A1 - Crankshaft in IC engines, esp. for motor vehicles - where journals and fillets are surface hardened, and then middle zone of journals is tempered to permit inexpensive straightening of shaft - Google Patents
Crankshaft in IC engines, esp. for motor vehicles - where journals and fillets are surface hardened, and then middle zone of journals is tempered to permit inexpensive straightening of shaftInfo
- Publication number
- DE2913865A1 DE2913865A1 DE19792913865 DE2913865A DE2913865A1 DE 2913865 A1 DE2913865 A1 DE 2913865A1 DE 19792913865 DE19792913865 DE 19792913865 DE 2913865 A DE2913865 A DE 2913865A DE 2913865 A1 DE2913865 A1 DE 2913865A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- crankshaft
- hardened
- straightening
- journals
- fillets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
- F16C3/08—Crankshafts made in one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/07—Crankshafts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Kurbelwelle für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere inCrankshaft for internal combustion engines, in particular in
Kraftfahrzeugen, und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung == =-== = = - - === = ===== = == ===== === == = == = = == == == = == n Die Xfindung bezieht sich auf eine gehärtete Kurbelwelle von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen, bei der die Hohlkehlen mitgehärtet sind.Motor vehicles and processes for their manufacture == = - == = = - - === = ===== = == ===== === == = == = = == == == = == n The Xfinding relates on a hardened crankshaft of internal combustion engines, especially in motor vehicles, in which the fillets are also hardened.
Es ist bekannt, bei Kurbelwellen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen nicht nur die jeweiligen Gleitstellen zu härten, sondern auch die Hohlkehlen, d.h. die tbergänge der Gleitstellen zu den angrenzenden Planken. Durch dieses Mithärten der Hohlkehlen läßt sich die Schwingfestigkeit der Kurbelwelle wesentlich erhöhen. So können hierbei Steigerungen der Schwingfestigkeit erzielt werden, die etwa dem doppelten Wert einer an ihren Hohlkehlen nicht gehärteten Kurbelwelle entsprechen.It is known not to do with crankshafts of internal combustion engines to harden only the respective sliding points, but also the fillets, i.e. the transitions from the sliding points to the adjacent planks. Through this co-hardening of the Concave fillets can be used to significantly increase the fatigue strength of the crankshaft. So In this way, increases in fatigue strength can be achieved that are about twice as high Value of a crankshaft that is not hardened at its fillets.
Der nachteil derartiger komplett gehärteter Kurbelwellen besteht darin, daß diese nach der Härtung nicht mehr richtbar sind, so daß man gezwungen ist, den durch den Härtevorgang bewirkten Verzug in aufwendiger Weise durch Schleifen der Kurbelwelle herauszubringen. Aufgrund dieses schwerwiegenden j4achteils ist bisher die Einführung solcher komplett gehärtete Kurbelwellen in die Großserienherstellung gescheitert.The disadvantage of such completely hardened crankshafts is that that these can no longer be straightened after hardening, so that one is forced to use the warping caused by the hardening process in a complex manner by grinding the Bring out the crankshaft. Because of this serious disadvantage, so far the introduction of such completely hardened crankshafts into large-scale production failed.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, geeignete tSßnahmen dafür zu treffen, daß komplett gehärtete Eurbelwellen auch in Großserie unter vertretbarem Aufwand herstellbar sind.The object of the invention is to take suitable measures to that completely hardened Eurbel shafts also in large series with reasonable effort can be produced.
nach c.em Grundgedanken der Erfindung ist eine solche gehärtete Kurbelwelle im wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gegehärteten Kurbelwellenzapfen in der Mitte jeweils eine durch Anlassen erzeugte, im Vergleich zu den übrigen Bereichen weichere Zone aufweisen. Durch die angelassene Zone geringerer Härte in der Mitte des Kurbelwellenzapfens ist es möglich, den durch das Härtet erzeugten Verzug der wurbelwelle durch hichten zu beseitieen. Das bisher erforderliche aufwendige Schleifen ist nicht mehr erforderlich.according to c.em basic idea of the invention is such a hardened crankshaft essentially characterized in that the hardened crankshaft journals in the middle one generated by tempering, compared to the other areas have a softer zone. Due to the tempered zone of lower hardness in the middle of the crankshaft journal, it is possible to reduce the distortion caused by the hardening vertebral shaft to be eliminated by hacking. The previously required complex grinding is no longer required.
Nach einem weiteren grundmerkmal der Erfindung zeichnet sich ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger gehärteter hurbelwellen durch folgende nacheinander vorgenommene Verfahrensschritte aus: a) Einhärten der hurbelwellenzapfen, einschließlich der Radien (Hohlkehlen).According to a further basic feature of the invention, a method is distinguished for the production of such hardened crankshafts by the following performed one after the other Process steps from: a) Hardening of the crankshaft journal, including the Radii (fillets).
b) Anlassen der Zapfenmitte, so daß dort eine relativ weiche Zone entsteht. b) Tempering the center of the pin so that there is a relatively soft zone arises.
c) Richten der Kurbenwelle, derart, daß eine bleibende Deformation nur in der Zapfenmitte zusstandekommt. c) straightening the camshaft in such a way that a permanent deformation only comes about in the center of the journal.
Diese: Verfahren kann insbesondere bei hohlen Kurbelwellen Verwendung finden.This: Method can be used especially with hollow crankshafts Find.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, das Anlassen der Kurbelwellenzapfen in deren Miten auf induktivem wege vorzunehmen. Die Kurbelwelle kann anschließend in an sich bekannter Weise mittels einer Hichtpresse oder durch Xollrichten im kalten oder warmen Zustand gerichtet werden. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, die Kurbelwelle während des Induktivanlassens im warmen Zustand zu richten.In an advantageous development of the invention, it is proposed that Annealing the crankshaft journals in their centers to be carried out inductively. The crankshaft can then in a manner known per se by means of a hacking press or by straightening in a cold or warm state. Alternatively it is also possible to keep the crankshaft warm during induction starting to judge.
Durch die Erfindung werden - außer der bereits erwähnten Nöglich- Keit des Richtens - noch folgende weitere wesentliche Vorteile erreicht. Einmal kann die bei bisher üblichen Kurbelwellen erforderliche Vergütung wegfallen, wodurch eine wesentliche Verbilligung bei der Herstellung der Kurbelwelle erzielbar ist.As a result of the invention - apart from the already mentioned possibilities - Keit of straightening - the following additional significant advantages are achieved. Once can the remuneration required for conventional crankshafts is no longer necessary, which means a substantial reduction in the cost of manufacturing the crankshaft can be achieved.
Des weiteren ist es möglich, anstelle der bisher verwendeten teuren legierten stähle (z.B. 37 Cr 4 V oder 42 Gr ho 4 V) unlegierte Kohlenstoffstähle, z.B. Ok 45 Is, zu verwenden.It is also possible to replace the expensive ones previously used alloyed steels (e.g. 37 Cr 4 V or 42 Gr ho 4 V) unalloyed carbon steels, e.g. Ok 45 Is to be used.
Das Einbringen der erforderlichen Schmiermittelbohrungen kann vorteilhafterweise nach dem Anlassen des Kurbenwellenzapfens erfolgen. Hierdurch wird das Auftreten von Härterissen an der Schmiermittelbohrung vermieden.The introduction of the required lubricant holes can be advantageous after starting the crankshaft journal. This will make the occurrence of hardening cracks on the lubricant bore avoided.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kurbelwelle zeichnet sich ferner durch aus, daß ein Schleifen von drei keparaturstufen ohne lvachhärten möglich ist.The crankshaft according to the invention is also characterized in that It is possible to grind in three repair stages without post-hardening.
In der Zeichnung ist anhand eiries (teilweisen) Längsschnittes durch eine kurbelwelle ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.The drawing is based on a (partial) longitudinal section a crankshaft illustrated an embodiment of the invention.
Die Drehachse der einteilig ausgebildeten Kurbelwelle 1() ist mit 11 bezeichnet. Eine weitere strichpunktierte Linie 12 kennzeichnet die Mittelachse der Zapfen der Kurbelwelle, von denen einer aus der Leichnung ersichtlich und mit 13 beziffert ist.The axis of rotation of the one-piece crankshaft 1 () is with 11 designated. Another dash-dotted line 12 denotes the central axis the journal of the crankshaft, one of which can be seen from the calibration and with 13 is numbered.
Der Eurbelwellenzapten 13 ist seitlich - wie üblich - durch Kurbelwellenwangen 14, 15 begrenzt.The Eurbel shaft journal 13 is laterally - as usual - by crankshaft cheeks 14, 15 limited.
Die aus der zeichnung ersichtliche Kurbelwelle 10 weist zahlreiche gehärtete Zonen auf, die mit 16 bis 18 bezeichnet sind.The crankshaft 10 shown in the drawing has numerous hardened zones, which are designated 16-18.
Die Zeichnung verdeutlicht hierbei insbesondere, daß die mit 19 bis 22 bezifferten Radien (Hohlkehlen) der Kurbelwelle in die gehärteten Zonen 16 bis 18 mit einbezogen sind. Die Zonen 16 bis 18 sind durch Induktionshärtung erzeugt worden.The drawing shows in particular that those with 19 to 22 numbered radii (fillets) of the crankshaft in the hardened zones 16 to 18 are included. The zones 16 to 18 are produced by induction hardening been.
ln de durch eine strichpunktierte Linie 23 gekennzeichneten mitte des Kurbelwellenzapfens 13 ist eine weitere im Schnitt etwa parabelförmige umlaufende Zone 24 eingezeichnet. Diese ist durch induktives Anlassen nach dea Härtevorgang erzeugt worden und zeichnet sich entsprechend durch eine geringere Härte als die umgebenden gehärteten Zonen aus. Der Härteverlauf längs des Kurbelwellenzapfens 13 (nach Rockwell) ist in der Zeichnung durch Pfeile veranschaulicht. Durch die eine geringere Härte aufweisende angelassene Zone 24 in der Mitte 23 de Kurbelwellenzapfens 13 ist es möglich, die Kurbelwelle nach dem Härtevorgang zu richten und dadurch in einfacher Weise den durch das Härten erzeugten Verzug wieder aussugleichen.In the middle indicated by a dash-dotted line 23 of the crankshaft journal 13 is a further circumferential approximately parabolic in section Zone 24 is shown. This is due to inductive tempering after the hardening process and is characterized accordingly by a lower hardness than that surrounding hardened zones. The hardness curve along the crankshaft journal 13 (according to Rockwell) is illustrated in the drawing by arrows. Through the a tempered zone 24 having a lower hardness in the middle 23 of the crankshaft journal 13 it is possible to straighten the crankshaft after the hardening process and thereby to compensate for the distortion caused by hardening in a simple manner.
Es is ferner zweckmäßig, die in der Mitte des Kurbelwellenzapfens angedeutete und mit 25 bezifferte Schmiermittelbohrung erst flach dem Anlaßvorgang einzubringen, da hierdurch vorteilhafteweise Härterisse vermieden werden können.It is also useful to place the one in the middle of the crankshaft journal indicated and numbered with 25 lubricant hole only flat the starting process to be introduced, as this advantageously avoids hardening cracks.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19792913865 DE2913865A1 (en) | 1979-04-06 | 1979-04-06 | Crankshaft in IC engines, esp. for motor vehicles - where journals and fillets are surface hardened, and then middle zone of journals is tempered to permit inexpensive straightening of shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19792913865 DE2913865A1 (en) | 1979-04-06 | 1979-04-06 | Crankshaft in IC engines, esp. for motor vehicles - where journals and fillets are surface hardened, and then middle zone of journals is tempered to permit inexpensive straightening of shaft |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2913865A1 true DE2913865A1 (en) | 1980-10-23 |
Family
ID=6067608
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19792913865 Withdrawn DE2913865A1 (en) | 1979-04-06 | 1979-04-06 | Crankshaft in IC engines, esp. for motor vehicles - where journals and fillets are surface hardened, and then middle zone of journals is tempered to permit inexpensive straightening of shaft |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2913865A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3702472A1 (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1988-08-11 | Daimler Benz Ag | Device for destructively checking the hardness pattern in crankshaft journal pins |
DE3916421C1 (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-08-30 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
DE3939935A1 (en) * | 1989-12-02 | 1991-06-06 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Producing crank shafts - by machining simultaneously moving surface, side face, and recesses between surface and faces followed by hardening and final grinding |
DE10261710A1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-08 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for surface treatment of a steel shaft of non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section useful for the production and treatment of crankshafts, camshafts, and gear shafts |
DE102004013257B3 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-08-18 | Hegenscheidt-Mfd Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts of motor vehicle engine comprises applying a pulling force on the crankshaft whilst it is rotating, and hardening using a laser beam |
WO2007147930A1 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-27 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Method of treating a crankshaft |
DE102009023295A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-09 | Audi Ag | Crankshaft for internal combustion engine, comprises crankpins for bearing the crank shafts, finishing pins for bearing connecting rods and stringers between adjacent pairs of crankpins and finishing pins, and/or hardened transition areas |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2734494A1 (en) * | 1977-07-30 | 1979-02-08 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Crankshaft for V=cylinder IC engine - has hardening interrupted at half pin length to leave softer area between two adjacent connecting rods |
-
1979
- 1979-04-06 DE DE19792913865 patent/DE2913865A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2734494A1 (en) * | 1977-07-30 | 1979-02-08 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Crankshaft for V=cylinder IC engine - has hardening interrupted at half pin length to leave softer area between two adjacent connecting rods |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
G.W. SEULEN, F.H. REINKE: "Entwicklungsstand der Induktions-Härtetechnik für Kurbelwellen". In: Klepzig Fachberichte 80 (1972), H.1, M5, S.33-43 * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3702472A1 (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1988-08-11 | Daimler Benz Ag | Device for destructively checking the hardness pattern in crankshaft journal pins |
DE3916421C1 (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-08-30 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
DE3939935A1 (en) * | 1989-12-02 | 1991-06-06 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Producing crank shafts - by machining simultaneously moving surface, side face, and recesses between surface and faces followed by hardening and final grinding |
DE10261710A1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-08 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for surface treatment of a steel shaft of non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section useful for the production and treatment of crankshafts, camshafts, and gear shafts |
DE10261710B4 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2011-07-21 | Volkswagen AG, 38440 | Process for surface treatment of a shaft |
DE102004013257B3 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-08-18 | Hegenscheidt-Mfd Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts of motor vehicle engine comprises applying a pulling force on the crankshaft whilst it is rotating, and hardening using a laser beam |
WO2007147930A1 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-27 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Method of treating a crankshaft |
US8222577B2 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2012-07-17 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Method of treating a crankshaft |
DE102009023295A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-09 | Audi Ag | Crankshaft for internal combustion engine, comprises crankpins for bearing the crank shafts, finishing pins for bearing connecting rods and stringers between adjacent pairs of crankpins and finishing pins, and/or hardened transition areas |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
8130 | Withdrawal |