DE2724041B2 - Verbindung von Implantat-Teilen bei Verbund-Endoprothesen - Google Patents

Verbindung von Implantat-Teilen bei Verbund-Endoprothesen

Info

Publication number
DE2724041B2
DE2724041B2 DE2724041A DE2724041A DE2724041B2 DE 2724041 B2 DE2724041 B2 DE 2724041B2 DE 2724041 A DE2724041 A DE 2724041A DE 2724041 A DE2724041 A DE 2724041A DE 2724041 B2 DE2724041 B2 DE 2724041B2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
plastic
implant parts
intermediate cavity
connection
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE2724041A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE2724041C3 (de
DE2724041A1 (de
Inventor
Otto Winterthur Frey (Schweiz)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of DE2724041A1 publication Critical patent/DE2724041A1/de
Publication of DE2724041B2 publication Critical patent/DE2724041B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2724041C3 publication Critical patent/DE2724041C3/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0019—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in hardness, e.g. Vickers, Shore, Brinell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0026—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00161—Carbon; Graphite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/10—Details of socket shapes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/20—Connections with hook-like parts gripping behind a blind side of an element to be connected
    • F16B2200/205—Connections with hook-like parts gripping behind a blind side of an element to be connected the hook being a separate retainer

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Veruindung von Implantat-Teilen bei Verbund-Endoprothesen, die aus Werkstoffen mit unterschiedlichen mechaj .sehen Eigenschaften bestehen und durch einen in den zwischen den Implantat-Teilen gebildeten Zwischenhohlraum eingepaßten Kunststoff-Formkörper vor unmittelbarem gegenseitigen Kontakt geschützt sind.
Derartige unterschiedliche Werkstoff-Eigenschaften, die bei direkten Kontakten der Werkstoffe zu erhöhtem Verschleiß oder anderen, bei Implantaten oder Endo-Prothesen nicht tolerierbaren Abnutzungserscheinungen führen können, sind beispielsweise unterschiedliche Härten, Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten und/oder elastische Eigenschaften.
Um einen direkten Kontakt solcher Werkstoffe — wie z. B. biokeramische Stoffe oder pyrolytischer Kohlenstoff auf der einen Seite und Metalle bzw. Metall-Legierungen auf der anderen Seite — zu vermeiden, ist es bekannt, diese Werkstoffe durch Kunststoff-Zwischenkörper — beispielsweise aus dem in der Implantattechnik vielfach benutzten Polyäthylen — zu trennen. Bei einer ersten bekannten Konstruktion (CH-PS 5 33 982) ist ein kugelförmiger Abschnitt eines Hüftgelenkkopfes aus Kohlenstoff mittels einer elastomeren Zwischenschicht auf einem hervorstehenden Zapfen eines metallischen Hüftgelenks gelagert, wobei die Zwischenschicht durch eine nicht näher beschriebene Abdichtung gegen Körperflüssigkeiten geschützt wird. Wie man aus der Zeichnung (Fig. 5 des genannten Patents) schließen kann, besteht die Abdichtung aus einem Metallring, der in direktem Kontakt mit dem pyrolitischen Kohlenstoff der Oberfläche des Abschnitts steht; damit sind aber die eingangs erwähnten, nicht tolerierbaren Abnutzungserscheinungen zwischen diesen beiden Werkstoffen — wenn auch nur in einer
relativ kleinen Berührungsfläche — gegeben.
Bei einer bekannten Hüftgelenkpfanne (CH-PS
5 68 753), die als Verbundprothese ausgebildet ist, ist eine kaloitenlörmige Gelenkfläche aus Keramik vor handen, die durch eine Kunststoffummantelung von einem metallischen Pfannenteil getrennt ist
Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß eine derartige Kunststoff-Ummantelung unter Belastung zum Kaltfließen neigt und aus dem offenen Zwischenraum zwischen der Gelenkfläche und dem Pfannenteil ausfließt; im Laufe der Zeit kommt es so auch hier zu direkten Kontakten zwischen den nicht miteinander verträglichen Werkstoffen. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, dieses plastische Kaltfließen möglichst weitgehend zu unterbinden und dadurch auch bei langzeitigen Belastungen derartige Kontakte zu verhindern.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Zwischenhohlraum durch die gegenseitige Formgebung der zu verbindenden Implantat-Teile an seinen äußeren Bereichen zu Spalten verengt ist, und daß der Kunststoff-Formkörper in diesen Spalten dünnwandige Verlängerungen aufweist
Durch die Verengung des Zwischenhohlraums zwischen den Implantat-Teilen aus den bei direktem Kontakt miteinander unverträglichen Werkstoffen an den äußeren Bereichen ihrer Verbindungen zu engen Spalten und die dünnwandigen Verlängerungen des Kunststoff-Formköiyers wird ein plastisches Kaltfließen des Kunststoffes verhindert weil sich seine Verlängerungen in diesen Spalten vor allem elastisch verformen, bei Rückgang der Belastungen in Längsrichtung der Spalten also wieder ihre ursprüngliche Form annehmen.
Die elastische Verformung des Kunststoff-Formkör-
pers und ebenfalls der Verlängerungen sowie sein
Einpassen in den Zwischenhohlraum, können erleichtert
werden, wenn die Grenzfläche des Zwischenhohlraums zu mindestens einem der Werkstoffe teilweise konisch in Richtung der den Kunststoff-Formkörper belasten den Scherkräfte verläuft. Weiterhin.'/geben sich relativ kurze Baulängen, wenn der Übergang zu den Spalten unstetig über einen vorspringenden Ansatz erfolgt.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Anwendung der neuartigen Verbindung auf Keramik/Metall-Verbundprothesen. Die Spaltbreiten des Zwischenhohlraumes und die Dicken der Verlängerungen des Kunststoff-Formkörpers werden in Abhängigkeit von den Eigenschaften des Kohlenstoffes gewählt; Auswahlkriterium ist dabei, daß die Verformungen der Verlängerungen bei Belastungen in Spaltrichtung weitgehend elastisch bleiben.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert.
Fig. 1 zeigt im Längsschnitt die Verbindung eines Keramik-Gelenkkopfes einer Hüftgelenkprothese, der mittels eines Zapfens mit einem metallischen Schaft verbunden ist;
Fig.2 ist ein Schnitt durch den zwischen diesem Gelenkkopf und dem Zapfen des Schaftes eingepaßten Kunststoff-Formkörpers in unbelastetem Zustand.
F i g. 3 gibt, stark vergrößert, ebenfalls im Schnitt eine Schraubenverbindung zwischen einer metallischen Schraube und einem Keramikkörper wieder, wie sie
z. B. auch für die Fixierung des Gelenkkopfes auf dem
Zapfen in F i g. 1 angewendet ist.
Fig.4 schließlich ist ein Schnitt durch den zur Verbindung nach Fig.3 gehörigen Kunststoff-Formkörper in unbelastetem Zustand.
Ein Zapfen 1 eines nicht weiter dargestellten, aus Metall bestehenden Schaftes einer Hüftgelenk-Prothese trägt einen aus Biokeramik gefertigten Gelenkkopf 2. Der Gelenkkopf 2 ist auf dem Zapfen 1 mit Hilfe einer ebenfalls aus Metall hergestellten Verankerungsschraube 3 befestigt
Wie geschildert ist es notwendig, einen direkten Kontakt zwischen Gelenkkopf 2 und den Metallelementen 1 und 3 zu verhindern. Zwischen dem Gelenkkopf 2 und dem Zapfen 1 ist daher ein kappenartiger, kreiszylindrischer Kunststoff-Formkörper 4 eingepaßt, dessen Form in unbelastetem Zustand F i g. 2 zeigt
Für den Durchtritt der Schraube 3 hat der Kunststoff-Formkörper 4 eine öffnung 5. Weiterhin läuft er an seinem in Richtung der Belastung und der Relativbewegung zwischen dem Zapfen 1 und dem Gelenkkopf 2 freien Ende erfindungsgemäß in einer dünnwandigen Verlängerung 6 aus. Die Verlängerung 6 greift in eine Spalte 7 ein, die auf Grund eines verbreiterten Absatzes 9 des Zapfens 1 zwischen diesem und dem montierten Gelenkkop'2 entsteht. Die Spalte 7 schließt einen Zwischenhohiraum 8 für einen Kunsistoff-Formkörper 4 in Richtung parallel zur Zapfenachse — welches auch die bevorzugte Richtung für die Relativbewegung des Gelenkkopfes 2 auf dem Zapfen 1 und für die auf den Kunststoff-Formkörper 4 wirkenden Scherkräfte ist — nach unten ab. Wie bereits erwähnt bewirkt diese Ausbildung des Kunststoff- Formkörpers 4 und des Zwischenhohlraums 8, daß der Kunststoff-Formkörper 4 und vor allem seine Verlängerung 6 sich bei Relativbewegungen der miteinander verbundenen Teile 1 und 2 elastisch verformen; so wird ein plastisches Fließen des Kunststoffes, das im Laufe der Zeit zu direkten Berührungen der Elemente 1 und 2 führen kann, verhindert.
Durch eine randartige Verbreiterung 10 des Kopfes der Schraube 3 (F i g. 3) wird bei dem zweiten gezeigten Beispiel der Zwischenhohiraum 11, der bei eingesetzter Schraube 3 in der für sie vorgesehenen Bohrung 12 des
ίο Gelenkkopfes 2 entsteht, nach oben mit einer engen Spalte 13 abgeschlossen. Sein unterer Abschluß verengt sich durch die mit einer konischen Anschrägung 14 versehene Verengung 15 der Bohrung 12 zu einer weiteren, im wesentlichen in Achsrichtung der Schraube 3 und damit wiederum in der bevorzugten Bewegungsrichtung der Relativbewegung der Elemente 2 und 3 gelegenen Spalte 16.
In den Spalten 13 und 16 sowie in dem Zwischenhohlraum 11 ist ein rotationssymmetrischer Kunststoff-Formkörper 17 mit seinen dünnwandigen oberen und unteren Verlängerungen 18 und 19 (Γ ; g. 4) eingepaßt. Bei diesem Beispiel sind die GrenzfiacrKn 20 und 21 zwischen den Kunststoff-Formkörper 17 und den Elementen 2 bzw. 3 wenigstens über einen Teil ihrer Länge konisch ausgebildet, damit das Einpassen und die elastisch* Verformung des Kunststoff-Formkörpers 17 bei Belastungen und Belastungsänderungen, die im wesentlichen in Richtung der Schraubenachse erfolgen, erleichtert werden.
Hierzu 2 Blatt Zeichnungen

Claims (4)

Patentansprüche:
1. Verbindung von Implantat-Teilen bei Verbund-Endoprothesen, die aus Werkstoffen mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften bestehen und durch einen in den zwischen den Implantat-Teilen gebildeten Zwischenhohlraum eingepaßten Kunststoff-Formkörper vor unmittelbarem gegenseitigen Kontakt geschützt sind, oadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zwischenhohlraum (8, 11) durch die gegenseitige Formgebung der zu verbindenden Implantat-Teile (1, 2; 2, 3) an seinen äußeren Bereichen zu Spalten (7; 13,16) verengt ist, und daß der Kunststoff-Formkörper (4,17) in diesen Spalten (7; 13,16) dünnwandige Verlängerungen (6; 18,19) aufweist.
2. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grenzfläche (20,21) des Zwischenhohlraums (8, 11) zu mindestens einem der Werkstoffe 'eilweise kenisch in Richtung der den Kunststoff-Pormkörper (4:17) belasteten Scherkräfte verläuft
3. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Übergang zu den Spalten (7; 13, 16) unstetig über einen vorspringenden Ansatz (9; 10,15) erfolgt
4. Anwendung der Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 auf eine Keramik-Metall-Verbundprothese.
DE2724041A 1977-05-23 1977-05-27 Verbindung von Implantat-Teilen bei Verbund-Endoprothesen Expired DE2724041C3 (de)

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DE2724041B2 true DE2724041B2 (de) 1979-03-22
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US (1) US4227265A (de)
JP (1) JPS53146499A (de)
AT (1) AT351155B (de)
CA (1) CA1099053A (de)
CH (1) CH612586A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2724041C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2391711A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1593819A (de)
NL (1) NL171017C (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2724041C3 (de) 1983-02-17
NL171017B (nl) 1982-09-01
NL7805319A (nl) 1978-11-27
FR2391711B3 (de) 1981-01-23
US4227265A (en) 1980-10-14
AT351155B (de) 1979-07-10
JPS53146499A (en) 1978-12-20
NL171017C (nl) 1983-02-01
CA1099053A (en) 1981-04-14
CH612586A5 (de) 1979-08-15
FR2391711A1 (fr) 1978-12-22
DE2724041A1 (de) 1978-11-30
ATA243078A (de) 1978-12-15
GB1593819A (en) 1981-07-22

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