DE2707715A1 - Utilising solar energy for desalination and salt prodn. - using heat exchanger at atmospheric pressure supplying sea-water to vacuum evaporator - Google Patents
Utilising solar energy for desalination and salt prodn. - using heat exchanger at atmospheric pressure supplying sea-water to vacuum evaporatorInfo
- Publication number
- DE2707715A1 DE2707715A1 DE19772707715 DE2707715A DE2707715A1 DE 2707715 A1 DE2707715 A1 DE 2707715A1 DE 19772707715 DE19772707715 DE 19772707715 DE 2707715 A DE2707715 A DE 2707715A DE 2707715 A1 DE2707715 A1 DE 2707715A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- water
- salt
- vacuum
- vacuum evaporator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Titel: Mit Sonnenenergie betriebene Meerwasser-Title: Solar powered seawater
etnsalzungs - und Salzgewinnungsanlage lerzeichnis: weite 1.) Deckblatt- Verzeichnis 1 2.) Beschreibung des Verfahrens 3.) Beschriebung der Anlagenkomponenten 4,5 4.) Leistungsbeschreibung der Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage 6 5.) Kapazitätsberechnung der Anlage 7 6.) Gesamtanlage (Skizze) 3 7.) Patentansprüche 2.) Beschreibung des Verfahrens: Die Anlage besteht grundsätzliche aus zwei Kreislauf Der erste Kreislauf wird mit Brauchwasser durchflos dieses Brauchwasser zirkuliert durch die von der so aufgeheizten Rohre, wird zum Schluß gesammelt, wenn eine Temperatur von ca. 80°C erreicht hat, welches Regulieren der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit möglich ist dieser Sammeleitung gelangt das Brauchwasser in ein Wärmetauscher mit einer Temperatur von ca. 45°C. In Wärmetauscher wird vorzugsweise Gegenstromverfahren geschlagen. Das Brauchwasser sammelt sich in einem der isoliert ist, und das wasser seine Temperatur von ca. salting and salt production plant list: wide 1.) cover sheet Directory 1 2.) Description of the process 3.) Description of the system components 4,5 4.) Performance description of the seawater desalination plant 6 5.) Capacity calculation of the system 7 6.) Overall system (sketch) 3 7.) Patent claims 2.) Description of the process: The system basically consists of two circuits The first circuit is circulated with service water through this service water through the pipes so heated, is collected at the end when a temperature of approx. 80 ° C, which allows the flow rate to be regulated If this collecting line is the domestic water in a heat exchanger with a Temperature of approx. 45 ° C. The countercurrent process is preferred in the heat exchanger beaten. The service water collects in one of the insulated areas and the water its temperature of approx.
45°C hält, um erneut in den Kreislauf einfließen zu nen. Das Meerwasser wird vorgewärmt (evtl. durch 80 strahlung) im zweiten Kreislauf auf ca. 40°C und ge in den Wärmetauscher, wobei es auf ca. 75°C aufgabe wird. Das Meerwasser fließt in den Vakuumverdampfer speziell so gebaut sein muß, daß das Meerwasser auf laufender Basis in dem Vakuumverdampfer verda;npfen kann, und das anfallende salz schnell und einfach entfernt werden kann (evtl. auf mechanische Weise), was hier h schlich nachts erfolgen sollte. Entscheidend für den Vakuumverdampfer ist auch, daß das einlaufende Meerwasser auf eine große Oberfläche gebracht wird durch spezielle Verfahrensweise, um günstige Werte fur die die Verdampfung zu erhalten. 45 ° C to flow back into the cycle. The sea water is preheated (possibly by 80 radiation) in the second circuit to approx. 40 ° C and ge into the heat exchanger, where it is fed to approx. 75 ° C. The sea water flows The vacuum evaporator must be specially built in such a way that the seawater is on running Base can evaporate in the vacuum evaporator, and the resulting salt quickly and can easily be removed (possibly in a mechanical way), which crept here should be done at night. It is also crucial for the vacuum evaporator that the incoming sea water is brought to a large surface by a special procedure, in order to obtain favorable values for the evaporation.
Eine evtl. zusätzliche Beheizung des einfließenden Meerwassers in den Vakuumverdampfer durch Fremdenergie würde eine Beschleunigung der Durchgangsmenge bedeuten. Der erste Kreislauf könnte insofern aus Stahl gefertigt werden und der zweite Kreislauf aus salzbeständigem Stahl. Aus dem Vakuumverdampfer wird der Dampf abgeleitet und kondensiert im Meerwasser. Unten am Kondensatabscheider kann Trinkwasser abgeleitet werden. Oben am Kondensatabscheider wird die Leitung zum Anschluß einer Vekuumpumpe vorgesehen. Die Vakuumpump. erzeugt beim Anfahren der Anlage einen Unterdruck von ca. 0,1 at und läuft während des Betriebes der Anlage weiter, um evtl. Undichtigkeiten in den Leitungen und Komponenten auszugleichen.Any additional heating of the incoming sea water in the vacuum evaporator by external energy would accelerate the flow rate mean. The first cycle could be made of steel and the second circuit made of salt-resistant steel. The vacuum evaporator becomes the steam diverted and condensed in sea water. Drinking water can be found at the bottom of the condensate separator be derived. At the top of the condensate separator, the line is used to connect a Vacuum pump provided. The vacuum pump. creates a vacuum when the system starts up of approx. 0.1 at and continues to run while the system is in operation to prevent any leaks balance in the lines and components.
Im Vakuumverdampfer kann Meersalz technisch gewonnen werden.Sea salt can be obtained technically in a vacuum evaporator.
3.) Beschreibung der Anlagenkomponenten: a.) Sonnenenergiespeicherfläche: Diese besteht aus einzelnen Elementen, jedes Element kann dargestellt werden als eine großflächige Blechplatte, die mit einzelnen Wasserrohren längs durchzogen wird. Die Fläche ist entsprechend den Strahlungswerten optimal zu gestalten (z.U. schwarzer Anstrich usw.), daß eine max.3.) Description of the system components: a.) Solar energy storage area: This consists of individual elements, each element can be represented as a large sheet metal plate with individual water pipes running through it lengthways. The surface is to be optimally designed according to the radiation values (e.g. black Paint, etc.) that a max.
Energiezufuhr ermöglicht wird. Die einzelnen Rohre werden in ein Sammelrohr geleitet, welches das auf ca. SO-C erwärmt Wasser dem Wärmetauscher zuführt. Aufgrund von Wärmedehnungen sind Rohrkompensatoren bzw. Gleitauflager vorzusehen. Das rohwasser läuft mit ca. 45°C in die Flächen ein und verläßt diese mit ca. 80°C. Energy supply is made possible. The individual tubes are in a Collecting pipe, which feeds the water heated to approx. SO-C to the heat exchanger. Due to thermal expansion, pipe expansion joints or sliding supports must be provided. The raw water enters the surfaces at approx. 45 ° C and leaves them at approx. 80 ° C.
b.) Wärmetauscher (WT)t Bei der technischen Ausführung des WT sind folgende Kriterien zu berücksichtigen: ein Gegenstrom- WT ist anzustreben; Dampfbildung auf der Meerwassersteite ist nicht erwünscht, um Salzablagerungen möglichst zu vermeiden. Das Temperaturbild muß so sein, daß die Endtemperatur des Meerwassers gleichmäßig gewährleistet ist bei Eintritt in den Vakuumverdampfer. Ein Säubern des WT muß relativ schnell erfolgen können. Das in den WT einlaufende Meerwasser wird vorzugsweise ebenfalls durch Sonnenstrahlung vorgewärmt auf ca. 40'C, um den Temperaturverlauf im 'NT günstig zu beeinflussen.b.) Heat exchanger (WT) t In the technical design of the WT are the following criteria must be taken into account: a countercurrent heat exchanger is to be aimed for; Steam formation on the sea water side is not desirable in order to avoid salt deposits as much as possible. The temperature picture must be such that the final temperature of the sea water is uniform is guaranteed when entering the vacuum evaporator. Cleaning the WT must be relative can be done quickly. The sea water entering the WT is preferred also preheated by solar radiation to approx. 40'C to keep track of the temperature to influence favorably in the 'NT.
c.) Zwischenbehälter: Der Zwischenbehälter sammelt das aus dem WT ca. 45"C warme rohwasser und wird hier als Wärmereservoir benutzt.c.) Intermediate container: The intermediate container collects that from the WT approx. 45 "C warm raw water and is used here as a heat reservoir.
Der fiwischenbehälter muß insofern entsprechend isoliert sein, er ist erforderlich, um bei beginnender Sonneneinstrahlung eine möglichst hohe Einlauftemperatur für die bestrahlten Energiesammelflächen gewährleisten zu können. The fish tank must be insulated accordingly, he is necessary to ensure that the inlet temperature is as high as possible when the sun begins to shine to be able to guarantee for the irradiated energy collecting surfaces.
d.) Vakuumverdampfer: Die Kriterien zur technischen Ausführung des Vakuumverdampfers sind folgende: Der Vakuumverdampfer muß bei entsprechender Salzablagerung schnell gereinigt werden können.d.) Vacuum evaporator: The criteria for the technical execution of the Vacuum evaporators are as follows: The vacuum evaporator must be used when there is a corresponding salt deposit can be cleaned quickly.
Die relative Verdampfungsfläche des Meerwassers muß ziemlich hoch sein, um das Vakuum an die Oberfläche des Meerwassers gelangen zu lassen, so daß eine relativ schnelle Verdampfung ermöglicht wird. Das Vakuum beträgt ca. 0,1 at, wobei die Verdampfungstemperatur von ca. 45'C zugeordnet wird. The relative evaporation area of the sea water must be quite high be to let the vacuum reach the surface of the sea water so that a relatively rapid evaporation is made possible. The vacuum is approx. 0.1 at, whereby the evaporation temperature of approx. 45'C is assigned.
e.) Kondensator: Der Dampf aus dem Vakuumverdampfer wird im Kondensator kondensiert, welches meerwasser von ca. 15- 20°C bewirkt.e.) Condenser: The vapor from the vacuum evaporator is in the condenser condenses, which causes sea water of approx. 15-20 ° C.
Im Kondensatabscheider sammelt sich das kondensierte Frischwasser, welches unten am Kondensatabscheider abgezogen wird. Oben am Kondensatabscheider wird Vakuum gezogen vorzugsweise mittels einer rotierenden Vakuumpumpe. The condensed fresh water collects in the condensate separator, which is drawn off at the bottom of the condensate separator. At the top of the condensate trap a vacuum is drawn, preferably by means of a rotating vacuum pump.
4. Leistungsbeschreibung dieser Meerwasserentsalzungs -anlage: Da rund eine Millierde Menschen auf der Erde (Latein amerika, Asien, Afrika) nur über ein Existenzminimum an Trinkwasser verfügt (ca. 3 Liter täglich), einige hundert Millionen Hunger leiden, weil ihnen Wasser für Felder und Vieh fehlt, der Durchschnitts- Erdbewohner jedoch knapp 3000 Liter pro Tag braucht, wird in dieser Beschreibung ein Nominal- Trinkwasserverbrauch von ca.4. Description of services for this seawater desalination plant: Da around a billion people on earth (Latin America, Asia, Africa) just over has a subsistence level of drinking water (approx. 3 liters per day), a few hundred Millions go hungry because they lack water for fields and cattle, the average Earth inhabitants, however, need just under 3000 liters per day, is used in this description a nominal drinking water consumption of approx.
1000 Liter pro Person und Tag zugrundegelegt. 1000 liters per person per day is assumed.
Eine Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage von ca. ein Quadr kilometer Fläche, in der Yauptsache durch Sonnenenergie betrieben, wäre insofern in der Lage ca. 15 000 Menschen mit Trink- und Breuchwasser zu versorgen. Ein Einbringen von zusätzlicher Fremdenergie (Äbfaliverbrennung, Olverbrennung usw.) würde eine Optimierung der Anlage bed ten. Zu beachten ist, deß ein Teil von verbrauchtem Wasser mittels Klärung wiederverwendbar wäre. Die Entsalzungsanlge kenn beliebig erweitert werden. Nach vorsichtiger Schätzung kann bei dieser Anlage derzeit mit 3 einem Preis von ca. 0,1 biß 1 DW m3 Trinkwasser gerechnet werden. Bei bisher in Betrieb befindlichen Entsalzungsanlagen beträgt der Preis ca. 2,50 DM m³ Trinkwas 5. Kapazitätsberechnung der Anlage: bm 1 m3 Wasser aufzuheizen von 15°C auf 45'C sind erforderlich: Q = m x c x ( t2- t) = 1000 kg x 1 kcal/kg grd x ( 45 - 15 ) grd = 90 000 kcal/ m3 Die gesamte Verdampfungswärme fAr 1 m³ Wasser bei der Verdampfungstemperatur von ts= 45°C beträgt: vs = 570 000 kcal/ m³ Die gesamt aufzubringende Energie beträgt somit: Q + vs = 600 000 kcal/m³ Die Sonnenstrahlung besitzt eine Energie von ca. 1100 kcal/ h m2 Bei einer Strahlungsfläche von einem Quadratkilometer wird bei einer Strahlungsdauer von ca. 8 Stunden täglich folgende Energie frei: E = 1000m x 1000m x 8h x 1100 kcal/ h = 8 830 000 000 kcali Tag E : (Q + v) = 8 800 000 000 kcal/Tag 600 000 kcal/ m3 = 14 600 m³/ Tag Eine derartige Anlage würde demnach ca. 14 600 m3 Trinkwasser täglich erzeugen können. A seawater desalination plant with an area of around one square kilometer, Mainly powered by solar energy, it would be able to do approx. 15 To supply 000 people with drinking and Breuch water. An introduction of additional External energy (waste incineration, oil incineration, etc.) would optimize the It should be noted that some of the water consumed is treated by means of clarification would be reusable. The desalination plant can be expanded as required. To With a cautious estimate, a price of approx. 0.1 to 1 DW m3 of drinking water are calculated. For previously in operation Desalination plants the price is about 2.50 DM m³ drinking water 5. Capacity calculation of the system: bm 1 m3 of water are to be heated from 15 ° C to 45'C required: Q = m x c x (t2- t) = 1000 kg x 1 kcal / kg deg x (45 - 15) deg = 90,000 kcal / m3 The total heat of evaporation for 1 m³ of water at the evaporation temperature from ts = 45 ° C is: vs = 570,000 kcal / m³ The total energy to be applied is thus: Q + vs = 600,000 kcal / m³ The solar radiation has an energy of approx. 1100 kcal / h m2 With a radiation area of one square kilometer, one Radiation duration of approx. 8 hours daily releases the following energy: E = 1000m x 1000m x 8h x 1100 kcal / h = 8 830 000 000 kcali day E: (Q + v) = 8 800 000 000 kcal / day 600,000 kcal / m3 = 14,600 m³ / day. Such a system would therefore be approx. 14,600 m3 of drinking water can produce daily.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19772707715 DE2707715A1 (en) | 1977-02-23 | 1977-02-23 | Utilising solar energy for desalination and salt prodn. - using heat exchanger at atmospheric pressure supplying sea-water to vacuum evaporator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19772707715 DE2707715A1 (en) | 1977-02-23 | 1977-02-23 | Utilising solar energy for desalination and salt prodn. - using heat exchanger at atmospheric pressure supplying sea-water to vacuum evaporator |
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DE2707715A1 true DE2707715A1 (en) | 1978-08-24 |
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DE19772707715 Pending DE2707715A1 (en) | 1977-02-23 | 1977-02-23 | Utilising solar energy for desalination and salt prodn. - using heat exchanger at atmospheric pressure supplying sea-water to vacuum evaporator |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0067146A1 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-15 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) | Distillation device |
AU718277B2 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 2000-04-13 | Ebara Corporation | Desalination apparatus and method of operating the same |
ES2207388A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-05-16 | Gines Sanchez Gomez | Obtaining fresh water and salt from the marine water and distillation system |
EP2876087A1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-27 | Wolfgang Zenker | Latent heat vacuum evaporator |
-
1977
- 1977-02-23 DE DE19772707715 patent/DE2707715A1/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0067146A1 (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-15 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) | Distillation device |
AU718277B2 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 2000-04-13 | Ebara Corporation | Desalination apparatus and method of operating the same |
US6391162B1 (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2002-05-21 | Ebara Corporation | Desalination apparatus and method of operating the same |
ES2207388A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-05-16 | Gines Sanchez Gomez | Obtaining fresh water and salt from the marine water and distillation system |
EP2876087A1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-27 | Wolfgang Zenker | Latent heat vacuum evaporator |
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