DE2628731C3 - Electric resistance heating element - Google Patents
Electric resistance heating elementInfo
- Publication number
- DE2628731C3 DE2628731C3 DE19762628731 DE2628731A DE2628731C3 DE 2628731 C3 DE2628731 C3 DE 2628731C3 DE 19762628731 DE19762628731 DE 19762628731 DE 2628731 A DE2628731 A DE 2628731A DE 2628731 C3 DE2628731 C3 DE 2628731C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- carbon fibers
- element according
- heating
- connection ends
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Widerstands-Heizelcment gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an electrical resistance heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.
Es ist bekannt. Metalldrähte oder Metallbändcr u'.s elektrische Heizwiderstände in Heizelementen für Enteisungsanlagen von Flugkörpern zu verwenden. Diese Heizwiderstände sind in einem Trägermaterial angeordnet und werden zusammen mit diesem als fertiges Heizelement auf eine zu enteisende Profilfläche tines Flugzeuges oder eines Hubschrauberrotorblattes beispielsweise durch Klebung aufgebracht. Ein Nachteil dieser Heizelemente besteht in der großen Schwierigkeit, mehrfachgekri'mmte Flächen abzudecken. Dies ist ■ur unter Verwendung von vielen kleinen Segmenten möglich, wodurch erhebliche Herstellungskosten entstehen. It is known. To use metal wires or metal bands and electrical heating resistors in heating elements for de-icing systems for missiles. These heating resistors are arranged in a carrier material and are applied together with this as a finished heating element to a profile surface to be de-iced tines aircraft or a helicopter rotor blade, for example by gluing. A disadvantage of these heating elements is the great difficulty in covering multiple curved surfaces. This is only possible using many small segments, which results in considerable manufacturing costs.
Aus der DE-OS 23 32 264 ist die Verwendung eines ■uf eine isolierende Unterlage aufgebrachten und gehärteten Filmes aus einem härtbaren Kunstharz und Kohlenstoff- und/oder Graphitfasern als leitfähige, bei Stromdurchgang wärmeabgehende Schicht bekannt. 6er Film kann aueh aus einem Gemisch aus einem härtbaren Kunstharz und Kohlenstoff- und/oder Graphitfasernbestehen. From DE-OS 23 32 264 is the use of an ■ uf an insulating pad and hardened film made of a hardenable synthetic resin and carbon and / or graphite fibers as conductive, at Current passage heat-dissipating layer known. 6 film can also consist of a mixture of one curable synthetic resin and carbon and / or graphite fibers.
Es handelt sich um ein vorgefertigtes Element, ebenso wie bei dem nach einem in der DE-OS 23 06 250 beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellten elektrischen Heizelement. Dies Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Oberfläche eines wärmebeständigen elektrisch nicht leitenden Trägers mit einem Gemisch aus einem Organopolysiloxan, Graphitpulver und einem organischen Lösungsmittel beschichtet und den beschichteten Träger erhitzt Man kann einen Träger aus wärmebeständigem Glas, keramischem Material, wärmebeständigem faserverstärktem Kunststoff oder aus einer Kombination dieser Werkstoffe verwenden.It is a prefabricated element, just like the one according to one in DE-OS 23 06 250 described method manufactured electrical heating element. This procedure is characterized by that the surface of a heat-resistant, electrically non-conductive support with a mixture coated from an organopolysiloxane, graphite powder and an organic solvent and the coated Heated carrier A carrier made of heat-resistant glass, ceramic material, Use heat-resistant fiber-reinforced plastic or a combination of these materials.
Aus der DE-OS 20 57 017 ist ein flacher Wärmegenerator entnehmbar, der ein aus Kohlefibrillen hergestelltes Wärmeerzeugniselement in Form eines Blatt Papiers, ein Bindemittel, um die Kohlefibrillen in der gewünschten Lage festzuhalten, einen isolierenden Überzug zur Abdeckung der gesamten Oberfläche des Wärmeerzeugungselenientes und mit dem Wärmeerzeugungselement verbundene Anschlußdrähte aufweist. Auch bei diesem Element handelt es sich um ein vorgefertigtes Heizelement, das durch besondere Arbeitsgänge auf einer zu beheizenden Fläche angeordnet werden muß.From DE-OS 20 57 017 a flat heat generator can be taken, which is made of carbon fibrils Heat generating element in the form of a sheet of paper, a binder to hold the carbon fibrils in the to hold the desired location, an insulating coating to cover the entire surface of the Heat generating element and with the heat generating element having connected leads. This element is also a Prefabricated heating element, which is arranged on a surface to be heated through special operations must become.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, zunächst auf ein zu enteisendes Profil eine Trägerschicht aus z. B. Kunststoff aufzubringen und anschließend die Heizwiderstän de auf dieser Trägerschicht zu befestigen. Hierzu bietet sich das Flammenspritzverfahren an. bei dem das die Heizwiderstände bildende Metall auf eine auf dem Profil befindliche Trägerschicht aufgespritzt wird. Ein auf diese Weise hergestelltes und gleichzeitig auf das Profil eines Flugzeuges oder Hubschrauberrotorblattes aufgebrachtes Heizelement ist in der Herstellung sehr teuer, da hierfür eine große Anzahl lohnintensiver Arbeitsvorgänge notwendig ibt.It is also known to first apply a carrier layer of z. B. plastic to apply and then to attach the Heizwiderstän de on this carrier layer. To do this, offers the flame spray process. in which the metal forming the heating resistors is placed on one of the profile located carrier layer is sprayed on. One made in this way and at the same time on the profile An aircraft or helicopter rotor blade applied heating element is very expensive to manufacture, since this requires a large number of labor-intensive work processes.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektrisches Widerstands-Heizelement zu schaffen, das auf einer beliebig gekrümmten Fläche einer Kunststoffkonstruktion angeordnet werden kann, ohne daß gesonderte Arbeitsschritte nach der Herstellung der Kunststoffkonstruktion erforderlich sind.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating an electrical resistance heating element that can be arranged on any curved surface of a plastic construction without separate work steps are required after the production of the plastic construction.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch I gelöst.According to the invention, the object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen I bis 6 beschrieben.Further refinements of the invention are described in subclaims 1 to 6.
Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist in der Anbringbarkeit des Heizelementes auf beliebig gekrümmten Oberflächen zu sehen. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, daß das Heizelement als integraler und homogener Bestandteil einer Kunststoffkonstruktion, insbesondere eines Flugzeugprofils oder eines Hubschraubcrrotorblattes aus Kohlenfasern zusammen mit der Kunststoffkonstruktion in einem Stück hergestellt wird. Eine derartige Herstellung bringt eine beträchtliche Zeitersparnis und damit auch eine erhebliche Einsparung an Herstellungskosten mit sich.One advantage of the invention is that the heating element can be attached to any curved surface to see. It is also advantageous that the heating element is an integral and homogeneous component a plastic construction, in particular an aircraft profile or a helicopter rotor blade Carbon fiber is made in one piece together with the plastic construction. Such a one Production saves a considerable amount of time and thus also a considerable saving in production costs with himself.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung dargestellt.In the drawing is an embodiment according to Invention shown.
Mit 1 ist der Tragflügel eines Flugzeuges bezeichnet, an dessen äußerem Ende zwei von mehreren Heizelementen 2 auf der Oberfläche der Tragflügelnase als integrale Bestandteile angeordnet sind. Die Hei/elemente 2 weisen zeichnerisch nicht dargestellte Hei/-widerstände aus Kohlefasern auf. die beispielsweise auch in Mattenform vorliegen können und in glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff oder in einem Kohlefaserverbundwerkstoff eingebettet sind. Die Heizwiderstände sind über ebenfalls zeichnerisch nicht dargestellte Anschlüsse an Zuleitungen angeschlossen, über die von einer Energiequelle gelieferte Heizenergie den Heizwiderständen zugeführt wird. Im allgemeinen werden1 with the wing of an aircraft is referred to, at its outer end two of several heating elements 2 on the surface of the wing nose as integral components are arranged. The healing elements 2 have heating resistors (not shown in the drawing) made of carbon fibers. the example can also be in mat form and in glass fiber reinforced plastic or in a carbon fiber composite material are embedded. The heating resistors are also not shown in the drawing Connections connected to supply lines, via the heating energy supplied by an energy source to the heating resistors is fed. Generally will
die Heizwiderstände nach einem vorgegebenen Heizzyklus nacheinander kurzzeitig beheizt.the heating resistors are briefly heated one after the other according to a specified heating cycle.
Um einen einwandfreien elektrischen Anschluß der Zuleitungen an die H^izwiderstände sicherzustellen, ist es möglich, an der Anschlußenden der Kohlefasern Metallschichten galvanisch aufzubringen bzw. aufzudampfen. Auch können die Anschlußenden der Kuhlefa· sern aus in die Kohlefasern einlaminierten mit Metall gefüllten Harzen bestehen. Eine weitere elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den in Rede stehenden Teilen kann durch die Verwendung von Klemmverbindungen hergestellt werden.In order to ensure a perfect electrical connection of the supply lines to the heating resistors, it is possible to apply or vapor-deposit metal layers on the connecting ends of the carbon fibers. The connection ends of the hollow fibers can also be made of metal laminated into the carbon fibers filled resins. Another electrically conductive connection between the two in question Split can be made through the use of clamp connections.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762628731 DE2628731C3 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Electric resistance heating element |
| FR7718939A FR2356336A1 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1977-06-21 | Resistance heating element for aircraft wings and helicopter blades - consists of mat of carbon or boron fibres and glass fibres |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762628731 DE2628731C3 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Electric resistance heating element |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2628731A1 DE2628731A1 (en) | 1977-12-29 |
| DE2628731B2 DE2628731B2 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
| DE2628731C3 true DE2628731C3 (en) | 1981-03-26 |
Family
ID=5981502
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762628731 Expired DE2628731C3 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Electric resistance heating element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2628731C3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3525333A1 (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-01-29 | Edgar Seemann | Electrical resistance heater having carbon and graphite components |
| DE4019447A1 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-02-07 | Klaus Dipl Ing Leonhardt | Tyre warm=up bandage - has carbon fibre conductor as heating elements and glass fibres for insulation |
| DE4233118A1 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-01-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Flexible electric heating element esp for motor vehicle seat - comprises woven blanket or resistive fibres with electrode contact wires laid along or around its edges |
| GB2291575A (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-01-24 | Dowty Aerospace Gloucester | Heating element for aircraft surface. |
| DE19904076A1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Vehicle molded part made of a composite material with unidirectionally arranged carbon fibers |
| DE10015158B4 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2011-05-05 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Mold carrier part with integrated heating element and method for producing the same |
| DE10151298A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-30 | Joerg Runge-Rannow | Multi-layer heating film and process for its production |
| US20090078690A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2009-03-26 | Mi-Ae Lee | Fiber reinforced heating unit and mattress with thereof |
| EP3147216B1 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2019-08-07 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Electrical de-icing for aircraft |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2306250A1 (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1974-08-15 | Donetsu Kogyo K K | Electrical heating element prodn. - by coating heat-resistant non-conductive support with mixt of organopolysiloxane, graphite powder and organic solvent |
| DE2332264A1 (en) * | 1973-06-25 | 1975-01-23 | Basf Farben & Fasern | Carbon fibre and resin corrosion-resistant coating - used as electrical resistance heating layer e.g. on metals |
-
1976
- 1976-06-25 DE DE19762628731 patent/DE2628731C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2628731A1 (en) | 1977-12-29 |
| DE2628731B2 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |