DE2622295A1 - Kinetic energy storing flywheel - is made of fibre reinforced plastics which is used for rim and wound spokes - Google Patents

Kinetic energy storing flywheel - is made of fibre reinforced plastics which is used for rim and wound spokes

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Publication number
DE2622295A1
DE2622295A1 DE19762622295 DE2622295A DE2622295A1 DE 2622295 A1 DE2622295 A1 DE 2622295A1 DE 19762622295 DE19762622295 DE 19762622295 DE 2622295 A DE2622295 A DE 2622295A DE 2622295 A1 DE2622295 A1 DE 2622295A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
spokes
rim
wound
kinetic energy
flywheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19762622295
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German (de)
Inventor
Wolf-Ruediger Dipl Ing Canders
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19762622295 priority Critical patent/DE2622295A1/en
Publication of DE2622295A1 publication Critical patent/DE2622295A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C15/00Construction of rotary bodies to resist centrifugal force
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30Flywheels
    • F16F15/305Flywheels made of plastics, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics [FRP], i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/55Flywheel systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

A flywheel for the purpose of storing kinetic energy can store a high specific energy per unit weight if a plastics material, reinforced by carbon, boron or polyamide fibres, is used throughout. The fibres are stressed only in their longitudinal direction and not transversely, to achieve this, they are arranged in the direction of the rim circumference in the plastics matrix during the manufacture of the rim. The spokes are made of a reinforced plastics with a lower modulus of elasticity than the rim. The figures on the sections of the spokes indicate in what order the spokes are wound.

Description

Schwungrädee aiis hob festeaKunstfaserverbund-Flywheels aiis lifted a

werkstoffen zur Energiespeicherung 1. Problematik und Zielsetzung Der spezifische Energieinhalt in Wh/Kg eines rotierenden Rades ist proportional dem Quadrat der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bzw. proportional der Tangentialspannung, die aufgrund der Fliehkraftbelastung im Schwungradmaterial entsteht. Der spezifische Energieinhalt herkömmlicher Schwungräder aus Stahl liegt bei 40 Wh/kg. materials for energy storage 1. Problems and objectives The specific energy content in Wh / Kg of a rotating wheel is proportional the square of the peripheral speed or proportional to the tangential stress, caused by the centrifugal force in the flywheel material. The specific one The energy content of conventional steel flywheels is 40 Wh / kg.

Durch die Entwicklung neuartiger Kunstfasern wie z.B, Kohlefaser,Borfaser oder Polyaramidfasern stehen Werkstoffe hoher Festigkeit zur Verfügung,mit denen sich rotierende Energiespeicher wesentlich größeren Energieinhaltes realisieren lassen. Diese Fasern zeichnen sich durch extrem hohe Zugfestigkeiten aus,so daß ein Schwungrad aus diesem Material mit Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten bis zur dreifachen Schallgeschwindigkeit betrieben werden kann.Through the development of new types of synthetic fibers such as carbon fiber, boron fiber or polyaramid fibers, materials of high strength are available with which Realize rotating energy storage with much larger energy content permit. These fibers are characterized by extremely high tensile strengths, so that a flywheel made of this material with peripheral speeds up to three times Speed of sound can be operated.

Bei Entwurf und Konstruktion eines aus Kunstfasern hergestellten Schwungrades haben die Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes einen maßgeblichen Einfluß auf die Gestaltung. When designing and constructing one made from synthetic fibers Flywheel, the properties of the material have a decisive influence on the design.

Die Kunstfaser an sich kann nicht als eigenständiger Werkstoff verarbeitet werden.Sie muß zur mechanischen Fixierung in eine Kunstharzmatrix eingebettet werden.The synthetic fiber itself cannot be processed as an independent material It must be embedded in a synthetic resin matrix for mechanical fixation.

Problematisch ist die Tatsache,daß die mechanische Belastbarkeit des Laminates quer zur Faserrichtung nur etwa 3% der mechanischen Belastbarkeit in Faserlängsrichtung beträgt.Diese Anisotropie des Werkstoffes macht es unmöglich, die von den isotropen Werkstoffen bekannten Schwungscheibenprofile mit hohem spezifischem Energieinhalt auf das aus Kunstfaserverbundwerkstoffen gefertigte Schwungrad zu übertragen.Die bei diesen Scheibenprofilen auftretende Radialspannung (Bild 1) liegt in der Größenordnung der Tangentialspannung und würde bei dem gewählten Faserverlauf zu einer Zerstörung des Schwungrades führen. Somit kommt nur ein Profil in Frage, das eine sehr geringe Spannungsbelastung in radialer Richtung aufweist. Dies ist z.B. bei dünnen Kreisringen gegeben. Bild 2 zeigt das Verhältnis der maximalen Radial- zur Tangentialspannung eines Kreisringes als Funktion des Innenradius. Man erkennt,daß bei einem Radienverhältnis von ri/ra=0,82 die Radialspannung unkritische Werte annimmt.The problem is that the mechanical strength of the Laminates across the fiber direction only have about 3% of the mechanical load capacity in the longitudinal direction of the fibers This anisotropy of the material makes it impossible to identify that of the isotropic Materials known flywheel profiles with a high specific energy content to the flywheel made of synthetic fiber composites The radial stress occurring in these disc profiles (Fig. 1) is of the order of magnitude the tangential stress and would destroy it with the chosen fiber orientation of the flywheel. Thus, only one profile comes into question, which is a very low one Tension load having in the radial direction. This is e.g. given with thin circular rings. Figure 2 shows the ratio of the maximum radial for the tangential stress of a circular ring as a function of the inner radius. You can see that with a radius ratio of ri / ra = 0.82 the radial stress assumes uncritical values.

Mit einem solchen Rad-läßt sich theoretisch ein spezifischer Energieinhalt von 350 Wh/kg erreichen. Von diesem Maximalwert dürften sich beim heutigen Stand der Fasertechnologie 50% praktisch erreichen lassen, was immerhin noch dem 4-5-fachen des spezifischen Energieinhaltes z.B. einer Bleibatterie entspricht. With such a wheel, a specific energy content can theoretically be determined of 350 Wh / kg. From this maximum value, at today's level the fiber technology can achieve 50% in practice, which is still 4-5 times that the specific energy content e.g. corresponds to a lead battery.

Die auf das Volumen bezogene Energiedichte in Wh/l eines solchen aus einem Kreisring bestehenden Rades ist aufgrund der schlechten Volumenausnutzung verhältnismäßig gering. Ein Ziel muß es daher sein,das durch den zulässigen Durchmesser des Kreisringes gegebene Bauvolumen besser auszunutzen. The volume-related energy density in Wh / l of such a A wheel consisting of a circular ring is due to poor volume utilization relatively low. One goal must therefore be that through the permissible diameter to better utilize the given building volume of the circular ring.

Die Verbindung zwischen Radnabe und Kreisring durch Speichen ist seit langem bekannt. Üblicherweise wird die Speiche am Innenradius des Radkranzes befestigt. Diese Methode erweist sich aber als völlig ungeeignet bei der Verwendung von Kunstfaserverbundwerkstoffen als Konstruktionsmaterial. Die Fliehkräfte verursachen in Speiche und Radkranz unterschiedliche radiale Dehnungen, die aufgrund der mechanischen Verbindung zwischen Speiche und Radkranz starke Reaktionskräfte hervorrufen. Werden die Speichen nun am Innenradius des Radkranzes befestigt, müssen die Reaktionskräfte ausschließlich von der Harzmatrix aufgenommen werden. Diese kann aber nur vernachlässigbar kleine Kräfte übertragen, so daß es zur Lösung der Verbindung von Speiche und Radkranz kommt. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es somit, die Verbindung von Radkranz und Radnabe so zu gestalten, daß eine Lösung dieser Verbindung im Betrieb nicht möglich ist. The connection between the wheel hub and the circular ring is through spokes known for a long time. Usually the spoke is on the inner radius of the wheel rim attached. However, this method proves to be completely unsuitable for use of synthetic fiber composites as a construction material. The centrifugal forces cause Different radial expansions in the spoke and wheel rim, which are due to the mechanical The connection between the spoke and the wheel rim cause strong reaction forces. Will the spokes are now attached to the inner radius of the wheel rim, the reaction forces must can only be absorbed by the resin matrix. But this can only be negligible small forces are transmitted, so that it loosens the connection between the spoke and the wheel rim comes. Another goal is thus to connect the wheel rim and wheel hub in such a way to design that a solution of this connection is not possible during operation.

2. Lösung des Problems Zur Verbesserung der Volumenausnutzung wird von uns die Anordnung von mehreren koaxialen Kreisringen vorgeschlagen, deren radiale Abmessungen durch die jeweils zulässigen Radialspannungen festgelegt sind. Zur mechanischen Fixierung und zur Übertragung der beim Betrieb des Speicherrades auftretenden Drehmomente müssen diese Ringe durch elastische Zwischenlagen (z.B. spezielle Schaumstoffe) verbunden werden. Diese Zwischenlage nimmt gleichzeitig die unterschiedlichen Dehnungen der Ringe auf, so daß diese in radialer Richtung mechanisch entkoppelt sind.2. Solving the problem To improve the volume utilization is we proposed the arrangement of several coaxial circular rings, their radial Dimensions are determined by the respective permissible radial stresses. To mechanical Fixation and for the transmission of the torques occurring during the operation of the storage wheel these rings must be replaced by elastic intermediate layers (e.g. special foams) get connected. This intermediate layer takes the different stretches at the same time of the rings so that they are mechanically decoupled in the radial direction.

Als Verbindung zwischen dem äußeren Kreisring und der Welle sind Speichen erforderlich, die ebenfalls aus hochfesten Fasern gewickelt werden müssen. As a connection between the outer circular ring and the shaft are Spokes required, which must also be wound from high-strength fibers.

Bei der von uns vorgeschlagenen Speichenwicklung wird sowohl der Radkranz als auch die Radnabe am Außenradius umschlungen. Die dadurch entstehende Querbelastung des Ringes wird durch dieWahl einer großen Speichenzahl auf unkritische Werte herabgesetzt. Als Konstruktionswerkstoff für die Speichen wird ein Kunstfaserverbundwerkstoff mit einem kleineren Elastizitätsmodul als für den Ring gewählt. Mit dieser Maßnahme lassen sich die durch die Speichen entstehenden Biegemomente im Radkranz auf ein Minimum reduzieren. Die Krümmungsradien an den Stellen,an denen die Speichen die Radnabe und den Radkranz umschlingen, müssen so groß gewählt werden, daß ein Faserbruch vermieden wird. With the spoke winding proposed by us, both the The wheel rim and the wheel hub are wrapped around the outer radius. The resulting The choice of a large number of spokes reduces the load on the ring to a non-critical level Values reduced. A synthetic fiber composite is used as the construction material for the spokes with a smaller modulus of elasticity than selected for the ring. With this measure the bending moments in the wheel rim created by the spokes can be incorporated Reduce the minimum. The radii of curvature at the points where the spokes the The wheel hub and the wheel rim must be chosen to be large enough to prevent fiber breakage is avoided.

Bild 3 zeigt das Wickelschema der Speichenwicklung.Figure 3 shows the winding scheme of the spoke winding.

Beginnend mit der Speiche 1 werden die Speichen 2,3,4 usw.Starting with spoke 1, the spokes 2, 3, 4, etc.

kontinuierlich gewickelt. In Bild 4 ist die komplette Speichenwicklung dargestellt. Dieses Verfahren hat außerdem den Vorteil, daß sämtliche Speichen mit einem Faserstrang nacheinander gewickelt werden können. Der gewünschte Querschnitt der Speiche ergibt sich durch mehrmalige Wiederholung der Wickelprozedur.continuously wound. In picture 4 is the complete spoke winding shown. This method also has the advantage that all spokes with a fiber strand can be wound one after the other. The desired cross-section the spoke results from repeating the winding procedure several times.

Zur Erprobung der von uns vorgeschlagenen Speichenwicklung wurde der in Bild 5 gezeigte Prototyp aus Kevlar-49 Fasern gewickelt. To test the spoke winding proposed by us The prototype shown in Figure 5 is wound from Kevlar-49 fibers.

Claims (2)

3. Patentansprüche Auf folgende Punkte wird Patentanspruch erhoben: 1) Ein Schwungrad zur Energiespeicherung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einem oder mehreren mechanisch entkoppelten konzentrischen Ringen aus hochfestem Faserverbundwerkstoff besteht, die durch eine Speichenwicklung mit geringerem Elastizitätsmodul mit der Radnabe verbunden sind.3. Patent claims Claims are made on the following points: 1) A flywheel for energy storage, characterized in that it consists of a or several mechanically decoupled concentric rings made of high-strength fiber composite material consists of a spoke winding with a lower modulus of elasticity with the Wheel hub are connected. 2) Eine Speichenwicklur.g nach Bild 3,4, gekennzeichnet dadurch,daß die Speichen Radkranz und Radnabe am Außenradius umschlingen, wobei der Umschlingungswinkel an der Radnabe so gewählt wird,daß die Wicklung in einem kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang maschinell gewickelt und die erforderliche Stärke der Speichen durch mehrfache Wiederholung der Wickelprozedur erreicht werden kann. 2) A Speichenwicklur.g according to Figure 3.4, characterized in that wrap the spokes around the wheel rim and wheel hub at the outer radius, with the wrap angle is chosen on the wheel hub so that the winding in a continuous operation machine wound and the required thickness of the spokes by repeated repetition the winding procedure can be achieved.
DE19762622295 1976-05-19 1976-05-19 Kinetic energy storing flywheel - is made of fibre reinforced plastics which is used for rim and wound spokes Withdrawn DE2622295A1 (en)

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DE19762622295 DE2622295A1 (en) 1976-05-19 1976-05-19 Kinetic energy storing flywheel - is made of fibre reinforced plastics which is used for rim and wound spokes

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2934710A1 (en) * 1978-08-29 1980-03-13 Aerospatiale INERTIA METHOD FOR CENTERING A CONTINUOUSLY CIRCULAR RIM ON YOUR HUB AND CORRESPONDING ROTATING DEVICE
EP0026570A1 (en) * 1979-09-26 1981-04-08 The Garrett Corporation Centre assemblies for flywheels, and flywheels incorporating such assemblies
EP0066040A1 (en) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-08 Rockwell International Corporation Flywheel shell construction
DE3535394A1 (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-12 Isoreg Corp., Littleton, Mass. Flywheel-type energy storage device
FR2574491A1 (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-13 Europ Agence Spatiale ENERGY STORAGE WHEEL
DE19541901A1 (en) * 1995-11-10 1996-05-30 Wtz Motoren & Maschforsch Gmbh Flywheel for mechanisms with rapid rotating parts e.g. centrifuges
WO2009071922A2 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-11 Ricardo Uk Limited Flywheel and its construction method
WO2010094912A1 (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-26 Ricardo Uk Limited A flywheel
DE102010033349A1 (en) 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Heike Bartenbach Rotor for storage of electrical power in industry, has bearing with measuring equipment for determination of imbalance of rotor, where structure of rotor is protected with respect to energy transfer between rotor and motor
US8808096B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2014-08-19 Ricardo Uk Limited Flywheel
US9273755B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2016-03-01 Ricardo Uk Limited Method and apparatus for balancing a flywheel
US9391489B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2016-07-12 Ricardo Uk Limited Magnetic coupler having magnets with different magnetic strengths
US9704631B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2017-07-11 Ricardo Uk Limited Flywheel
US9718343B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2017-08-01 Ricardo Uk Limited Energy storage system having a flywheel for a vehicle transmission

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2934710A1 (en) * 1978-08-29 1980-03-13 Aerospatiale INERTIA METHOD FOR CENTERING A CONTINUOUSLY CIRCULAR RIM ON YOUR HUB AND CORRESPONDING ROTATING DEVICE
FR2434968A1 (en) * 1978-08-29 1980-03-28 Aerospatiale INERTIAL PROCESS OF CENTRAL OF A CONSTANTLY CIRCULAR RIM ON ITS HUB AND CORRESPONDING ROTARY DEVICE
US4263819A (en) * 1978-08-29 1981-04-28 Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale Inertial method of centering a constantly circular rim on its hub and corresponding rotary device
EP0026570A1 (en) * 1979-09-26 1981-04-08 The Garrett Corporation Centre assemblies for flywheels, and flywheels incorporating such assemblies
EP0066040A1 (en) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-08 Rockwell International Corporation Flywheel shell construction
DE3535394A1 (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-12 Isoreg Corp., Littleton, Mass. Flywheel-type energy storage device
FR2574491A1 (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-13 Europ Agence Spatiale ENERGY STORAGE WHEEL
EP0187080A1 (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-07-09 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Energy storage wheel
US4765198A (en) * 1984-12-07 1988-08-23 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Energy storage wheel
DE19541901A1 (en) * 1995-11-10 1996-05-30 Wtz Motoren & Maschforsch Gmbh Flywheel for mechanisms with rapid rotating parts e.g. centrifuges
WO2009071922A2 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-11 Ricardo Uk Limited Flywheel and its construction method
WO2009071922A3 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-07-30 Ricardo Uk Ltd Flywheel and its construction method
WO2010094912A1 (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-26 Ricardo Uk Limited A flywheel
JP2012518144A (en) * 2009-02-19 2012-08-09 リカルド ユーケー リミテッド Flywheel
US8808096B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2014-08-19 Ricardo Uk Limited Flywheel
US9273755B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2016-03-01 Ricardo Uk Limited Method and apparatus for balancing a flywheel
US9704631B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2017-07-11 Ricardo Uk Limited Flywheel
DE102010033349A1 (en) 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Heike Bartenbach Rotor for storage of electrical power in industry, has bearing with measuring equipment for determination of imbalance of rotor, where structure of rotor is protected with respect to energy transfer between rotor and motor
US9391489B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2016-07-12 Ricardo Uk Limited Magnetic coupler having magnets with different magnetic strengths
US9718343B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2017-08-01 Ricardo Uk Limited Energy storage system having a flywheel for a vehicle transmission

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