DE2517378A1 - Activated carbon fibre filter beds - which remove both aerosols and polluting gases having fibres of less than 1 micron dia. - Google Patents

Activated carbon fibre filter beds - which remove both aerosols and polluting gases having fibres of less than 1 micron dia.

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Publication number
DE2517378A1
DE2517378A1 DE19752517378 DE2517378A DE2517378A1 DE 2517378 A1 DE2517378 A1 DE 2517378A1 DE 19752517378 DE19752517378 DE 19752517378 DE 2517378 A DE2517378 A DE 2517378A DE 2517378 A1 DE2517378 A1 DE 2517378A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
mat
filter
fibres
aerosol
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19752517378
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Kvetoslav Spurny
Werner Prof Dr Stoeber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to DE19752517378 priority Critical patent/DE2517378A1/en
Publication of DE2517378A1 publication Critical patent/DE2517378A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
    • B01D39/2065—Carbonaceous material the material being fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/354—After-treatment
    • C01B32/382—Making shaped products, e.g. fibres, spheres, membranes or foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
    • D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter

Abstract

Aerosol filter consists of a fibre mat of carbon fibres the dias. of which should not exceed 1 um which are regularly packed, uniformly and parallelly orientated, and then activated. The process for making this filter can consist of atomising a soln. of organic polymer and pyrolysing the resultant fibres by heating. They are then collected on a moving belt and oriented by an electric field. Finally resulting filter mat is activated. Alternatively the mat can be formed from plastic fibres and converted into a carbon fibre mat by subsequent pyrolysis. The carbon fibres can be dispersed in water and then laid as a mat by deposition from the water slurry. To act both as an aerosol filter and as an adsorption bed for compds. which cause pollution. 99% efficient aerosol filters are known, using synthetic fibres. Similarly activated carbon granule adsorbent beds to remove harmful cpds. such as CO, CO2, H2S, AsH3, HCN etc. are known. The filter described efficiently fulfils the roles of both these processes.

Description

Hochwirksame Staub-, Aerosol- und Sorptionsfilter aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern Die Erfindung betrifft ein Aerosolfilter, das aus einer Filtermatte besteht, deren Fasern höohstens 1 ym im Durohmesser aufweisen. Bei bekannten Filtern dieser Art bestehen die Fasern aus organisohem Kunststoff (z.B. PVC-Derivaten) oder aus anorganischen Stoffe (z.B. Glas, Quarz, Asbest). Highly effective dust, aerosol and sorption filters made from carbonaceous Fibers The invention relates to an aerosol filter, which consists of a filter mat, the fibers of which have a maximum of 1 ym in the Durohmesser. With known filters this Art, the fibers consist of organic plastic (e.g. PVC derivatives) or of inorganic substances (e.g. glass, quartz, asbestos).

Der Wirkungsgrad solcher Filter bei der Filterung von Aerosolen ist höher als 99 % Gegenüber schädlichen Gasen z.B. CO, CO2, H2O, AsH3, HCN uzw.) haben diese Filter aber keine Sorptionsfähigkeit; sie sind außerdem gegenber ungttnstigen Betriebsbedingungen (z.3 höhere Temperaturen, Radioaktivität, aggresive chemische Stoffe) emfindlich.The efficiency of such filters in filtering aerosols is higher than 99% against harmful gases e.g. CO, CO2, H2O, AsH3, HCN etc.) but these filters have no sorption capacity; they are also unfavorable to oneself Operating conditions (e.g. higher temperatures, radioactivity, aggressive chemical Substances) sensitive.

Die letztgenannten NsShteile treten zwar bei bekannten aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern bestehendn Filtern, z.B.The last-mentioned NsSh parts occur in known from carbonaceous Fibers consisting of filters, e.g.

naob der DAS 1 130 419, nicht auf. Die Fasern dieser Filter haben jedoch einen wesentlich grdleren Durchmesser als 1 so daß der Wirkungsgrad bei der Filterung von Aerosolen sobleobt ist. Aber auch als Sorptionsfllter kommen sie infolge ihres verhältnismäßig groben Aufbaues praktisch nicht in Betracht.naob the DAS 1 130 419, not on. The fibers of these filters have however a much larger diameter than 1 so that the efficiency of the Filtering of aerosols is recommended. But they are also used as sorption filters their relatively coarse structure is practically out of the question.

Andererseits sind spezielle Sorptionsfilter, die aus grobdisperser Aktivkohle, d.h. aus groben Pulverteilchen von einigen mm Durchmesser bestehen, also keine faserige Struktur aufweisen, nioht als Aerosolfilter geeignet; ihre Wirkungsgrade ftir ærosole und Stäube betragen daher weniger als 40 .On the other hand, there are special sorption filters made from coarsely dispersed Activated carbon, i.e. consisting of coarse powder particles a few mm in diameter, therefore do not have a fibrous structure, not suitable as an aerosol filter; their efficiencies ftir ærosols and dusts are therefore less than 40.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Aerosolfilter su eobeffn, da. gleichzeitig auch als Sorptionsfilter dienen kann.The invention is based on the object, an aerosol filter su eobeffn, there. can also serve as a sorption filter at the same time.

Dieser Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die das Aerosolfilter bildende Filtermatte aus Kohlenstoff-Fasern von höchstens 1 µm Durchmesser besteht, die regelmäßig gepackt sowie gleichmäßig und parallel orientiert und dann aktiviert sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the the aerosol filter forming the filter mat made of carbon fibers of a maximum of 1 µm Diameter, which is packed regularly as well as oriented uniformly and parallel and then activated.

Diese erfindungsgemäßen Filter weisen einerseits dank ihrer feinfaserigen Struktur den hohen Wirkungsgrad von entsprechend aufgebauten speziellen Aerosolfiltern auf, andererseits stellen sie infolge der durch die Aktivierung porös gewordenen Oberflächen der Kohlenstoff-Fasern mit Poren im Angström-Bereich (10-8 cm), die somit auch genügend klein gegenüber dem Faserdurchmesser sind, ein vorzügliches Sorptionsfilter der. Die Porosität der Filter, d. das Verhältnis des Volumens der freien Porenstruktur zwischen den Fasern zum gesamten Volumen des Filters, ist neben der geringen Faserdicke ein wichtiger Parameter, der die Filtereigenschaften wesentlich beeinflußt. Die spezifische Oberfläche bestimmt nämlich die Sorptionseigenschaften; je größer diese Fläche ist, desto größere Mengen vor Gasmolekülen können sorbiert werden. So kö@@te z.B. eine Katte @@@ 1 m² für die Sorption eine Oberfläche von 50 @@@@@@@@@@@ erfügun@ stellen.These filters according to the invention have on the one hand thanks to their fine-fibred Structure the high efficiency of appropriately constructed special aerosol filters on, on the other hand, they represent as a result of the activation that has become porous Surfaces of the carbon fibers with pores in the Angstrom range (10-8 cm), the are therefore also sufficiently small compared to the fiber diameter, an excellent one Sorption filter of the. The porosity of the filters, i.e. the ratio of the volume of the free pore structure between the fibers to the entire volume of the filter, is next to the small fiber thickness is an important parameter that significantly affects the filter properties influenced. The specific surface determines the sorption properties; the larger this area, the larger the amount of gas molecules that can be sorbed will. For example, a Katte @@@ 1 m² for sorption could have a surface of 50 @@@@@@@@@@@ erAddun @.

Erfindungsgemäße Katten (etwa 2 - 5 mm dick mit einer Porosität größer als 0,8) können in Geräten z.B. für Luftschutz, Atomschuz, Luftprobenahmen Verwendung finden.Cats according to the invention (about 2 - 5 mm thick with a porosity larger than 0.8) can be used in devices e.g. for air protection, nuclear protection, air sampling Find.

Vorteilhaft können die erfindungsgemäßen Filter in einem Verfahren hergestellt werden, wie es in der Figurschematisch dargestellt ist.The filters according to the invention can advantageously be used in one process be produced as it is shown schematically in the figure.

Organische Polymere PO (z.B. Polyacrilmitrile, Cellulosederivate, Viskose) und entsprechende Lösungsmittel LM werden gut miteinander gemischt mittels einer Pumpe P in ein System von Zerstäuberdüsen D eingeführt und dort z.B. mit Hilfe von Druckstickstoff N2 zerstäubt. Dabei entstehen sehr feine Polymerfasern, die durch Erhitzung (im Ofen OF) je nach der Polymerenart in einer inerten Atmosphäre von 500° bis 1000°C pyrolisiert werden. Die so entstandenen kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern werden dann in einem elektrostatischen Feld von negativ geladenen Metallplatten M auf ein poröses Fließband FB abge-@@ieden und dabei gleichmäßig und parallel orientiert.Organic polymers PO (e.g. polyacrylamide, cellulose derivatives, Viscose) and the corresponding solvent LM are mixed well with each other by means of a pump P introduced into a system of atomizer nozzles D and there, for example, with the help atomized by pressurized nitrogen N2. This creates very fine polymer fibers that by heating (in oven OF) in an inert atmosphere depending on the type of polymer can be pyrolyzed from 500 ° to 1000 ° C. The resulting carbonaceous Fibers are then placed in an electrostatic field by negatively charged metal plates M deposited on a porous conveyor belt FB and thereby oriented uniformly and parallel.

Durch die Geschwindigkeit des Fließbandes kann die Dicke der Filtermatte geregelt werden.The thickness of the filter mat can be determined by the speed of the conveyor belt be managed.

Die so hergestellten Filtermatten werden in an sich fir die Herstellung von Aktivkohle bekannter Weise chemisch aktiviert, um die gewiinsohten guten Sorptionseigenschaften Zu erreichen.The filter mats produced in this way are in themselves used for production chemically activated by activated charcoal in order to achieve the usual good sorption properties To reach.

Ein anderes Herstellungsverfahren besteht darin, daß aus feinen Kunststoff-Fasern zuerst eine Kunstfasermatte gefertigt und dann diese Natte durch Pyrolyse in eine Filtrationsschicht aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern umgewandelt wird.Another manufacturing process is that of fine plastic fibers first made a synthetic fiber mat and then pyrolysed this mat into a Filtration layer is converted from carbonaceous fibers.

Schließlich ist es auch möglich, die Filter aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern auf nassem Wege" herzustellen. Die Mikrofasern werden im Wasser dispergiert; durch eine Sedirnentierung entsteht dann - ähnlich wie bei der Herstellung von Faserpapieren -eine Faserschicht, d.h. eine Filtermatte.Finally, it is also possible to make the filter from carbonaceous Making fibers by the wet route ". The microfibers are dispersed in the water; Sedimentation then creates - similar to the production of fiber paper -a fiber layer, i.e. a filter mat.

Claims (4)

PatentansprücheClaims 1. Aerosolfilter, das aus einer Filtermatte besteht, deren Fasern höchstens 1 Zm im Durchmesser aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die das Aercsolfilter bildende Filtermatte aus Kohlenstoff-Fasern von höchstens 1 Zm Durchmesser besteht, die regelmäßig gepackt sowie gleichmäßig und parallel orientiert und dann aktiviert sind.1. Aerosol filter, which consists of a filter mat, the fibers of which have at most 1 cm in diameter, characterized in that the aerosol filter the forming filter mat consists of carbon fibers with a maximum diameter of 1 cm, which are regularly packed as well as oriented evenly and in parallel and then activated are. 2. verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aerosolfilters nach Anspruoh 1, da d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß aus gelösten organischen Polymeren durch Zerstäuben entstehende Polymerfasern durch Erhitzen pyrolysiert, in einem elektrcstatischen Feld auf ein Fließband abgeschieden und dann als Filtermatte aktiviert werden.2. A method for producing an aerosol filter according to Claim 1, as it is not stated that it is made of dissolved organic polymers Polymer fibers produced by atomization, pyrolyzed by heating, in one Electrostatic field deposited on a conveyor belt and then activated as a filter mat will. 3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aerosolfilters nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e 1 c h n e t, daß aus feinen Kunststoff-Fasern zuerst eine Kunstfasermatte gefertigt und dann diese Matte durch Pyrolyse in eine Filtrationsschicht von kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern umgewandelt wird.3. A method for producing an aerosol filter according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e 1 c h n e t that made of fine plastic fibers first a synthetic fiber mat and then this mat by pyrolysis in a filtration layer is converted from carbonaceous fibers. 4. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aerosolfilters nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß kohlenstoffhaltige Fasern im Wasser dispergiert werden und durch Sedimentierung eine Faserschicht (Biltermatte) gebildet wird.4. A method for producing an aerosol filter according to claim 1, characterized in that carbonaceous fibers are dispersed in the water and a fiber layer (bilter mat) is formed by sedimentation.
DE19752517378 1975-04-19 1975-04-19 Activated carbon fibre filter beds - which remove both aerosols and polluting gases having fibres of less than 1 micron dia. Pending DE2517378A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752517378 DE2517378A1 (en) 1975-04-19 1975-04-19 Activated carbon fibre filter beds - which remove both aerosols and polluting gases having fibres of less than 1 micron dia.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752517378 DE2517378A1 (en) 1975-04-19 1975-04-19 Activated carbon fibre filter beds - which remove both aerosols and polluting gases having fibres of less than 1 micron dia.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2517378A1 true DE2517378A1 (en) 1976-10-28

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3029758A1 (en) * 1980-08-06 1982-04-01 Ochs, Hans-Joachim, 4030 Ratingen GAS ADSORPTION FILTER, IN PARTICULAR FOR AIR PURIFICATION
DE9312898U1 (en) * 1993-08-30 1993-11-04 Mitschke Peter Filter arrangement
US5674462A (en) * 1994-07-25 1997-10-07 Calgon Carbon Corporation Method for the removal of non-metal and metalloid hydrides
US10220369B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-03-05 Calgon Carbon Corporation Enhanced sorbent formulation for removal of mercury from flue gas

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3029758A1 (en) * 1980-08-06 1982-04-01 Ochs, Hans-Joachim, 4030 Ratingen GAS ADSORPTION FILTER, IN PARTICULAR FOR AIR PURIFICATION
DE9312898U1 (en) * 1993-08-30 1993-11-04 Mitschke Peter Filter arrangement
US5674462A (en) * 1994-07-25 1997-10-07 Calgon Carbon Corporation Method for the removal of non-metal and metalloid hydrides
US10220369B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-03-05 Calgon Carbon Corporation Enhanced sorbent formulation for removal of mercury from flue gas

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