DE2462995C2 - Process for cleaning polluted groundwater and drinking water - Google Patents
Process for cleaning polluted groundwater and drinking waterInfo
- Publication number
- DE2462995C2 DE2462995C2 DE2462995A DE2462995A DE2462995C2 DE 2462995 C2 DE2462995 C2 DE 2462995C2 DE 2462995 A DE2462995 A DE 2462995A DE 2462995 A DE2462995 A DE 2462995A DE 2462995 C2 DE2462995 C2 DE 2462995C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- drinking water
- oxygen
- groundwater
- light
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960002809 lindane Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LHHGDZSESBACKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlordecone Chemical compound ClC12C3(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C4(Cl)C2(Cl)C2(Cl)C4(Cl)C3(Cl)C1(Cl)C2=O LHHGDZSESBACKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane Chemical compound Cl[C@H]1[C@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H](Cl)[C@H]1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMEONFUTDYJSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl levulinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O GMEONFUTDYJSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POSKOXIJDWDKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Kelevan Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)C2(Cl)C3(Cl)C4(Cl)C(CC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC)(O)C5(Cl)C3(Cl)C1(Cl)C5(Cl)C42Cl POSKOXIJDWDKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-PICURKEMSA-N dieldrin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@]3(Cl)C(Cl)=C([C@]([C@H]22)(Cl)C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)[C@H]2[C@@H]2[C@H]1O2 DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-PICURKEMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006824 dieldrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NGPMUTDCEIKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dieldrin Natural products CC1=C(Cl)C2(Cl)C3C4CC(C5OC45)C3C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl NGPMUTDCEIKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-SVWSLYAFSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)OS(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@]1(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)[C@@]2(Cl)C1(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-SVWSLYAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-GKRDHZSOSA-N endrin Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@]3(Cl)C(Cl)=C([C@]([C@H]22)(Cl)C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)[C@@H]2[C@H]2[C@@H]1O2 DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-GKRDHZSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098221 silver cyanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Description
In DE-OS 23 00 273 ist eine Vorrichtung für Photoreaktionen beschrieben, die für die Tertiärbehandlung von Abwasser bestimmt ist. Darin wird eine Oxydation unter Verwendung von Ultraviolettstrahlung zusammen mit verschiedensten Oxydationsmitteln, Katalysatoren oder Photosensibilisatoren ausgeführt. Nahe des Bodens der Vorrichtung ist eine Gaszufuhreinrichtung vorhanden, um durch Einblasen von Gas die Bildung von Schmutzablagerungen auf den Hüllen der Lichtquellen zu verhindern und die Oxydationsreaktion zu unterstützen.In DE-OS 23 00 273 a device for photoreactions is described, which is used for the tertiary treatment of Sewage is intended. In it is an oxidation using ultraviolet radiation along with various oxidizing agents, catalysts or photosensitizers carried out. Near the bottom of the Device is a gas supply device is available to the formation of dirt deposits by blowing gas to prevent on the covers of the light sources and to support the oxidation reaction.
Aus FR-PS 21 58 714 ist ein Verfahren zur Entfernung von Phenolen aus Wasser bekannt, bei dem zur Unterstützung des Abbaus ein Photosensibilisator zugesetzt wird.From FR-PS 21 58 714 a method for removing phenols from water is known, in which for A photosensitizer is added to support the breakdown.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von verschmutztem Grund- oder Trinkwasser zu
schaffen, mit dem insbesondere organische Substanzen beseitigt werden.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch das Verfahren gemäß den Patentansprüchen.The object of the invention is to create a method for cleaning polluted groundwater or drinking water, with which organic substances in particular are removed.
This object is achieved by the method according to the claims.
Völlig überraschend wurde gefunden, daß sich in geringen Mengen vorhandene Stoffe, die sich aus verschiedenen Gründen als besonders störend erwiesen haben, dadurch beseitigen lassen, daß man die Schmutzstoffe durch Verteilen des Grund- oder Trinkwassers über eine große Oberfläche bei gleichzeitiger Einwirkung von Sauerstoff oder eines sauerstoffhaltigen Gases und von Licht mit einer Wellenlänge von 200 bis 2000 nm oxydativ abbaut.It has been found, completely surprising, that there are substances present in small amounts which are composed of various Reasons have proven to be particularly annoying, can be eliminated by the fact that the pollutants through Distributing the groundwater or drinking water over a large surface with simultaneous exposure to oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and oxidative light with a wavelength of 200 to 2000 nm degrades.
jo Im allgemeinen sind die in Wässern dispergierten oder gelösten organischen Verbindungen nicht näher
definierbar. Eine genaue Kenntnis ihrer chemischen Art und Eigenschaften ist jedoch nicht nötig, da nach dem
erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sämtliche organischen Substanzen abgebaut werden. Diese Stoffe können natürlichen
oder synthetischen Ursprungs sein. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu,
wenn die umweltfeindlichen Verunreinigungen im Wasser nur in sehr geringer Menge vorliegen, wo sie absr
wegen ihrer Giftigkeit oder ihres Geschmacks besonders stören, wie das bei cyanid- oder ölhaltigem Grundwasser
der Fall ist. Aber auch biologisch nicht abbaubarc Detergentien unterliegen der Abbaureaktion, sofern sie
organischer Natur sind. Das gleiche gilt für aromatische Verbindungen, wie Benzol,Toluol, Nitrobonzol, Fluoren
oder Insektizide, wie DDT oder Hexachlorcyclohexan.
Wenngleich in der Praxis nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorwiegend organische Stoffe abgebaut
werden, so lasser· sich auch gewisse anorganische Verbindungen unschädlich machen, die einen chemisch leicht
veränderlichen Bestandteil enthalten. Als Beispiele für derartige Verbindungen sind Cyanide, Cyanate und
Thiocyanate sowie deren Komplexverbindungen zu erwähnen. Die Anwendbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen
Verfahrens ist von dem physikalischen Zustand der abzubauenden Stoffe weitgehend unabhängig, d. h, sie
können gelöst, emulgiert oder suspendiert vorliegen. Sie müssen also lediglich in irgendeiner Form im Wasser
dispergiert sein.jo In general, the organic compounds dispersed or dissolved in water cannot be defined in more detail. However, precise knowledge of their chemical nature and properties is not necessary, since all organic substances are broken down according to the method according to the invention. These substances can be of natural or synthetic origin. The process according to the invention is of particular importance when the environmentally harmful impurities are only present in very small amounts in the water, where they are particularly disturbing because of their toxicity or their taste, as is the case with cyanide or oil-containing groundwater. But also non-biodegradable detergents are subject to the degradation reaction, provided they are organic in nature. The same applies to aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, nitrobonzene, fluorene or insecticides such as DDT or hexachlorocyclohexane.
Although in practice mainly organic substances are broken down by the process according to the invention, certain inorganic compounds which contain a chemically easily changeable component can also be rendered harmless. Examples of such compounds are cyanides, cyanates and thiocyanates and their complex compounds. The applicability of the method according to the invention is largely independent of the physical state of the substances to be degraded, i. That is, they can be dissolved, emulsified or suspended. So they just have to be dispersed in the water in some form.
Werden die Wasser erfindungsgemäß unter Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht der Einwirkung von Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen ausgesetzt, so werden die in ihnen dispergierten Verbindungen einer Photooxydation unterworfen. Der Kohlenstoffbestandteil wird in Kohlendioxid übergeführt, das nach Sättigung des Wassers entweicht. Der Stickstoff wird in Abhängigkeit von seiner Bindungsform als Ammoniak oder Nitratstickstoff frei. Der Stickstoff der genannten Pseudohalogenide wird beispielsweise in Ammoniak übergeführt Schwefel enthaltende organische Verbindungen, wie übel riechende Mercaptane und Thioäther, setzen in der Regel Schwefeldioxid frei. Der Sauerstoff kann in reiner Form oder zweckmäßigerweise als Luftsauerstoff zugeführt werden.Are the water according to the invention under irradiation with UV light or the action of oxygen When exposed to gases containing oxygen, the compounds dispersed in them undergo photooxidation subject. The carbon component is converted into carbon dioxide after saturation of the water escapes. The nitrogen is, depending on its bond form, as ammonia or nitrate nitrogen free. The nitrogen of the pseudohalides mentioned is converted into ammonia, for example sulfur containing organic compounds, such as malodorous mercaptans and thioethers, usually set Sulfur dioxide free. The oxygen can be supplied in pure form or conveniently as atmospheric oxygen will.
Für die Bestrahlung kann Licht einer Wellenlänge zwischen 200 und 2000 nm gewählt werden, beispielsweise das Licht einer Leuchtröhre, insbesondere das einer Quecksilberlampe oder im einfachsten Fall auch Sonnenlicht. Hierbei wird die Reaktion in der Weise durchgeführt, daß das Trink- oder Grundwasser in möglichst großer Oberfläche der bestrahlung ausgesetzt wird. Am besten erscheint hier ein Umpumpen des zu reinigenden Wassers über einen öfteren Rieselturm mit großer, dem Licht ausgesetzter Oberfläche. In dieser Form läßt sich das Verfahren auch kontinuierlich gestalten. Auch eine Kombination mit gleichzeitigem biologischem Abbau ist möglich.For the irradiation, light with a wavelength between 200 and 2000 nm can be selected, for example the light of a fluorescent tube, especially that of a mercury lamp or, in the simplest case, sunlight. Here, the reaction is carried out in such a way that the drinking or ground water in as possible large surface area is exposed to radiation. The best way to do this seems to be to recirculate what is to be cleaned Water over a frequent trickle tower with a large surface exposed to light. In this form you can also make the process continuous. Also a combination with simultaneous biological degradation is possible.
Die Reaktion kann in einem sehr weiten Temperaturbereich durchgeführt werden. Da sie jedoch bei höheren Temperaturen mit größerer Geschwindigkeit abläuft, ist es bevorzugt, bei erhöhter Temperatur zu arbeiten. Als praktisch günstig hat sich ein Temperaturbereich zwischen 20 und 1000C, vorzugsweise zwischen 40 und 900C, erwiesen.The reaction can be carried out over a very wide temperature range. However, since it takes place at a greater rate at higher temperatures, it is preferred to work at an elevated temperature. A temperature range between 20 and 100 ° C., preferably between 40 and 90 ° C., has proven to be practically favorable.
Der Abbau der im Wasser dispergierten Verbindungen wird im allgemeinen durch die Anwesenheit vonThe degradation of the compounds dispersed in the water is generally caused by the presence of
Wasserstoffionen katalysiert. Auch die Ionen der Halogene haben einen gewissen Einfluß. Überraschenderweise ist der katalytische Einfluß der Wasserstoffionen bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Chlorionen besonders groß.Catalyzed by hydrogen ions. The ions of the halogens also have a certain influence. Surprisingly the catalytic influence of the hydrogen ions in the simultaneous presence of chlorine ions is particularly great.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile sind insbesondere darin zu sehen, daß sämtliche organischen StoffeThe advantages that can be achieved with the invention are particularly to be seen in the fact that all organic substances
auch die von der Natur biologisch schwer abbaubaren Verbindungen und Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe vollständig abgebaut werden können. Zur Erzielung einer guten Verteilung können auch indifferente anorganische Stoffe, wie z. 8. feinst gemahlenes Talkum oder Kieselsäure oder Attapulgit-Ton, zugesetzt werden, die nach dem Abbau der Verunreinigungen zurückbleiben und somit wieder verwendet werden können.also the compounds, which are difficult to biodegrade naturally, and chlorinated hydrocarbons can be dismantled. In order to achieve a good distribution, indifferent inorganic substances, such as 8. Finely ground talc or silica or attapulgite clay, which are added after Degradation of the impurities are left behind and can therefore be used again.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert Für die Praxis ist es nicht nötig, daß der verwendete Sauerstoff (Luftsauerstoff) kohlendioxidfrei ist. In den Beispielen wurde jedoch ein kohlendioxidfreier Luftstrom verwendet, um auf diese Weise den Abbau qualitativ und quantitativ zu belegen. Da bei dem Abbau der verschiedenen organischen Verbindungen unter den gewählten Bedingungen mit Sicherheit mehrere verschiedene Reaktionen nebeneinander und nacheinander ablaufen, ist ein direkter Vergleich der Abbaugeschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Substanzen untereinander aufgrund einer Angabe der Halbwertzeit nicht sinnvoll. Es wurden deshalb bei der tabellarischen Zusammenstellung der Ergebnisse für die verschiedenen Substanzen die Werte für die Zeiten gewählt, die sich für einen Abbau von 25%, 50% und 75% aus den für die einzelnen Substanzen erhaltenen Abbaukurven entnehmen lassen.The process according to the invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following examples it is not necessary that the oxygen (atmospheric oxygen) used is carbon dioxide-free. In the examples, however, a carbon dioxide-free air flow is used to increase the quality and quantity of the degradation in this way occupy. As in the breakdown of the various organic compounds under the selected conditions Certainly several different reactions happening side by side and one after the other is a direct one Comparison of the degradation rates of the individual substances with one another based on an indication of the Half-life does not make sense. Therefore, in the tabular compilation of the results for the different substances, the values for the times are chosen that result in a degradation of 25%, 50% and 75% can be inferred from the degradation curves obtained for the individual substances.
Beispiel 1example 1
Durch eine Lösung von 150 mg Äthanol in 900 ml Wasser wurde unter starkem Rühren und gleichzeitiger Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht einer Hg-Hochdrucktauchlampe ein kohlendioxidfreier Luftstrom geleitet. Die Temperatur der Reaktionsmischung betrug während des Versuchs 90 bis 95"C. Das bei der Reaktion entstandene Kohlendioxid wurde mit dem Luftstrom über einen Rückflußkühler in eine Vorlage mit Barytlauge geleitet, dort aufgefangen und von Zeit zu Zeit bestimmt. Die Abbauraten finden sich in Tabelle I.By a solution of 150 mg of ethanol in 900 ml of water was with vigorous stirring and at the same time Irradiation with UV light from a mercury high pressure immersion lamp, a carbon dioxide-free air stream is passed. The temperature of the reaction mixture was 90 to 95 ° C. during the experiment. That formed during the reaction Carbon dioxide was passed with the air stream over a reflux condenser into a receiver with barite liquor, there caught and determined from time to time. The degradation rates can be found in Table I.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Durch eine wäßrige Suspension von 450 mg tines Gemisches von gleichen Teilen eines Insektizids auf Basis von Chlordecon und einer handelsüblichen pyrogenen Kieselsäure wurde unter starkem Rühren und unter gleichzeitiger Bestrahlung mit einer Hg-Hochdrucktauchlampe ein kohlendioxidfreier Luftstrom eingeleitet. Die Temperatur betrug während des Versuchs 18° C bzw. bei einem weiteren Versuch 90 bis 95° C. Das bei der Reaktion gebildete Kohlendioxid wurde mit dem Luftstrom über einen Rückfiußkühler in eine Vorlage mit Barytlauge geleitet, dort aufgefangen und bestimmt. Bei 18°C dauerte es 50,7 h, bis sich 100 mg Kohlendioxid gebildet hatten, bei 90 bis 95° C dagegen nur 11,3 h. Des weiteren wurden Abbauraten ermittelt, die sich zusammen mit denjenigen weiterer erprobter insektizide in Tabelle 11 finden.Based on an aqueous suspension of 450 mg tines mixture of equal parts of an insecticide of Chlordecon and a commercially available fumed silica was with vigorous stirring and under Simultaneous irradiation with a mercury high pressure immersion lamp initiated a carbon dioxide-free air stream. the The temperature was 18 ° C during the experiment and 90 to 95 ° C in a further experiment Carbon dioxide formed in the reaction was transferred to a receiver with the air stream via a reflux condenser Baryta solution passed, collected there and determined. At 18 ° C it took 50.7 hours for 100 mg of carbon dioxide to settle had formed, at 90 to 95 ° C, however, only 11.3 h. Furthermore, degradation rates were determined, which together with those of other tried and tested insecticides can be found in Table 11.
Substanzsubstance
Einwaage (mg)Weight (mg)
Zeit (Std.) bis zur Bildung von CO2 in der Theorie
25% 50% 75%Time (hours) until the formation of CO 2 in theory
25% 50% 75%
ÄthanolEthanol
LävulinsäureäthylesterLevulinic acid ethyl ester
Harnstoffurea
NatriumcyanidSodium cyanide
Kaliumrhodanid*)Potassium rhodanide *)
Berliner BlauBerlin blue
SilbercyanidSilver cyanide
150 144 304,9150 144 304.9
9898
58 300 420,858 300 420.8
132,9 15,0 173 21,5132.9 15.0 173 21.5
228.7 22,7228.7 22.7
219.2219.2
125.0125.0
28.628.6
383383
26,726.7
ber. 343,0
38,4ber. 343.0
38.4
*) Der Schwefel wurde (labei zu Sulfit oxydiert und als SO2 in die Vorlage übergetrieben.
Tabelle II*) The sulfur was oxidized to sulfite and driven into the receiver as SO 2.
Table II
*) Insektizid auf Basis von Chlordecon*) Insecticide based on chlordecone
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2462995A DE2462995C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for cleaning polluted groundwater and drinking water |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2462995A DE2462995C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for cleaning polluted groundwater and drinking water |
| DE2408778A DE2408778C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in waste water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2462995C2 true DE2462995C2 (en) | 1984-10-11 |
Family
ID=25766687
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2462995A Expired DE2462995C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for cleaning polluted groundwater and drinking water |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2462995C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8517817U1 (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1987-05-14 | Multimatic Maschinen Gmbh & Co, 4520 Melle, De | |
| EP0360941A2 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-04 | Ultrox International | Decompostion of volatile organic halogenated compounds contained in gases and aqueous solutions |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2158714A5 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-06-15 | Elf Entr Rech Activit | Destroying organic trace pollutants (esp phenols) in water - - by uv irradiation |
| DE2300273A1 (en) * | 1972-01-07 | 1973-07-19 | Toray Industries | DEVICE FOR PHOTO ACTIONS |
-
1974
- 1974-02-23 DE DE2462995A patent/DE2462995C2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2158714A5 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-06-15 | Elf Entr Rech Activit | Destroying organic trace pollutants (esp phenols) in water - - by uv irradiation |
| DE2300273A1 (en) * | 1972-01-07 | 1973-07-19 | Toray Industries | DEVICE FOR PHOTO ACTIONS |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8517817U1 (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1987-05-14 | Multimatic Maschinen Gmbh & Co, 4520 Melle, De | |
| EP0360941A2 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-04 | Ultrox International | Decompostion of volatile organic halogenated compounds contained in gases and aqueous solutions |
| EP0360941A3 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-12-19 | Ultrox International | Decompostion of volatile organic halogenated compounds contained in gases and aqueous solutions |
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