DE2447468C2 - Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als reibungssenkende Zusätze in flüssigen Arbeitsmedien - Google Patents

Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als reibungssenkende Zusätze in flüssigen Arbeitsmedien

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Publication number
DE2447468C2
DE2447468C2 DE2447468A DE2447468A DE2447468C2 DE 2447468 C2 DE2447468 C2 DE 2447468C2 DE 2447468 A DE2447468 A DE 2447468A DE 2447468 A DE2447468 A DE 2447468A DE 2447468 C2 DE2447468 C2 DE 2447468C2
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Germany
Prior art keywords
acid
phosphonic acid
friction
additives
acid ester
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Expired
Application number
DE2447468A
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English (en)
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DE2447468A1 (de
Inventor
Frederick William Willoughby Hills Ohio Koch
Jerry Lee Chardon Ohio Musser
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Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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Priority claimed from US05/403,373 external-priority patent/US3932290A/en
Application filed by Lubrizol Corp filed Critical Lubrizol Corp
Publication of DE2447468A1 publication Critical patent/DE2447468A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2447468C2 publication Critical patent/DE2447468C2/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Description

R2O
R3CHCH2
N. /
gelöst.
Die Erfindung betrifft somit die in den Patentansprüchen gekennzeichneten Gegenstände.
Vorzugsweise enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen als Hauptkomponente Phosphonsäureester der allgemeinen Formel III
IO
15
in der R! und R2 jeweils einen niederen Alkylrest bedeuten, mit mindestens einem Epoxid der allgemeinen Formel II
(Π)
20
in der R' einen Alkylrest mit 10 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellt, in Gegenwart geringer Mengen einer starken Base bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 225° C hergestellt worden ist.
2. Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Epoxidverbindung aus einem technischen Gemisch von Cm und Ci6 unverzwelgtkettigen a-Oleflnen herge- 3u stellt worden ist.
3. Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reste P' und R2 n-Butylreste darstellen.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man mindestens einen Phosphorigsäuredlester der allgemeinen Formel I, in der R1 und R2 die vorstehende Bedeutung aufweisen, mit mindestens einer Epoxidverblndung der allgemeinen Formel II, in der R* die vorstehende Bedeutung aufweist. In Gegenwart geringer Mengen einer starken Base bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 225° C umsetzt.
5. Verwendung der Phosphonsäurezusammensetzung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3 als reibungssenkende Zusätze in flüssigen Arbeitsmedien, insbesondere automatischen Transmissionsflüssigkelten und Schmiermitteln.
50
Die Entwicklung von Flüssigkeiten zur Kraftübertragung, wie Hydraulikflüssigkeiten und öle für automat!- sehe Getriebe, erfordert die Entwicklung neuer Zusatzstoffe zur Verbesserung der Kraftübertragungseigenschaften. Eine der häufig zu ändernden Eigenschaften Ist die Reibungseigenschaft der Flüssigkeit. Es Ist daher oft erwünscht, daß die Flüssigkeit einen geringeren ReI-bungskoefflzlenten aufweist, als das als Hauptkomponente dienende Baslsöl. Die Entwicklung verbesserter relbungssenkender Zusätze ist daher von beträchtlichem Interesse.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, neue Phosphonsäureester zu schaffen, die den Reibbeiwert. bzw. Reloungskoefflzlenten von flüssigen Arbeltsmedlen senken. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung
R1On
P—CH2CHR3 (ΠΙ)
R2O OH .
in der R1, R2 und R3 die in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3 angegebene Bedeutung haben.
Die Phosphonsäureester der Erfindung werden durch Umsetzung eines Phosphorigsäurediesters -nlt einem Epoxid hergestellt.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Epoxide enthalten vorzugsweise etwa 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatome. Technische Gemische derartiger Epoxide sind bekannt.
Das Mengenverhältnis der eingesetzten Reaktionspartner kann In einem verhältnismäßig breiten Bereich liegen, da ein Überschuß eines Reaktionspartners im 'Reaktionsprodukt verbleibt, ohne dessen Eigenschaften zu verändern. Vorzugsweise wenden etwa äqulmolare Mengen der beiden Reaktionspartner eingesetzt oder es wird ein geringer Überschuß an Epoxid verwendet, beispielsweise etwa 1,0 bis 1,5 Mol Epoxid pro Mol Phosphorlgsäuredlester.
Die Umsetzung wird in Gegenwart einer starken Base durchgeführt, beispielsweise einem Alkallmetall, Alkallmetallalkyl, -alkoxld oder -amid. Es Ist eine geringe Menge der starken Base, vorzugsweise etwa 0,01 bis 0,5 Prozent, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Reaktionspartner, erforderlich.
Die Umsetzung erfolgt unter Erhitzen des Reaktionsgemisches auf Temperaturen von 100 bis 225° C, vorzugsweise auf etwa 150 bis 225° C. Vorzugsweise wird unter einem inerten Schutzgas, wie Stickstoff, gearbeitet. Gegebenenfalls kann auch in Gegenwart von Inerten Verdünnungsmitteln gearbeitet werden.
Nach beendeter Umsetzung werden die flüchtigen Bestandteile dem Reaktionsgemisch, beispielsweise durch Destillation unter vermindertem Druck, abgetrennt. Der Rückstand wird filtriert. Das Produkt kann In an sich bekannter Welse gereinigt werden. Gewöhnlich wird das Produkt jedoch unverändert eingesetzt.
Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Verbindungen fallen vermutlich als Gemische von Veiblndungen an, so dali sie nur durch das Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung gekennzeichnet werden können. Es gibt jedoch Grund zu der Annahme, daß die Umsetzung der Phosphorlgsäuredlester mit den Epoxlden hauptsächlich als einfache Additionsreaktion verläuft, so daß als Hauptprodukt Phosphonsäureester der allgemeinen Formel III anfallen.
Die Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel III können von den Begleitprodukten In an sich bekannter Welse getrennt werden, beispielsweise durch Chromatographie.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Phosphonsäureester sind wertvolle Zusatzstoffe In flüssigen Arbeitsmedien, da sie deren Reibungseigenschaften modifizieren. Man kann sie In den verschiedensten Schmiermitteln auf der Basis natürlicher oder synthetischer öle mit Schmier-. viskosität oder deren Gemischen verwenden. Die Produkte der Erfindung eignen sich hauptsächlich als
Zusätze in Flüssigkeiten bzw. Ölen für automatische Getriebe, Achsenschmierölen und Hydraulikölen. Die Produkte der Erfindung eignen sich jedoch auch als Zusätze in anderen Schmierölen und -fetten.
Beispiele für natürliche Öle sind tierische und pflanzliche Öle, wie Rizinusöl und Specköl, sowie mit Lösungsmitteln oder Säuren raffinierte, paraffinbasische, naphthenbasische oder gemischt paraffin-naphthen-basische Mineralschmieröle. Öle mit Schmierviskosität aus Steinkohle oder Ölschiefer stellen ebenfalls brauchbare Basisöle dar. Weitere Beispiele für Basisöle, bei denen die Zusätze der Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind Kohlenwasserstofföle und halogensubstituierte Kohlenwasserstofföle, wie Polymerisate und Mischpolymerisate von Olefinen, z.B. Polybutylene, Polypropylene, Propylen-Isobutylen-Copolymerisate und chlorierte Polybutylene, Alkylbenzole, z.B. Dodecylbenzole, Tetradecylbenzole, Dlnonylbenzole und Dl-(2-äthylhexyO-benzole und Polyphenyle, z. B. Blphenyl und Terphenyl. Alkylenoxidpolymerisate, deren Mischpolymerisate und Derivate, In denen die endständigen Hydroxylgruppen verestert oder veräthert sind, stellen eine weitere Klasse von bekannten synthetischen Schmierölen dar. Beispielsweise bestehen solche Schmieröle aus Polymerslaten von Äthylen- oder Propylenoxid, Alkyl- oder Aryläthem dieser Polyoxyalkylenpolymerisate, z. B. Methylpolyisopropylenglykoläther mit einem durchschnittlichen Molekulargewicht von 1000, Diphenyläther des Polyäthylenglykols mit einem Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 1000 und Dläthyiäther des Polypropylenglykols mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1000 bis 15üU, oder Mono- oder Polycarbonsäurester dieser Polymerisate, bcisplelsv jlse Essigsäureester, gemischte C^-Fettsäureestec oder die Cu-Oxosäuredlester des Tetraäthylenglykols. Ei e weitere Klasse synthetischer Schmieröle sind die Ester von Dicarbonsäuren, wie Phthalsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Maleinsäure, Azelainsäure, Korksäure, Sebacinsäure, Fumarsäure, Adipinsäure und dimere Llnolsäure, mit den verschiedensten Alkoholen, wie Butanol, Hexanol, Dodecylalkohol und 2-Äthylhexylalkohol. Spezielle Beispiele dieser Ester sind Dibutyladipat, Di-(2-äthy!hexyl)-sebacat, Din-hexylfumarat, Dioctylsebacat, Dllsooctylazelat, Dllsodecylazelat, Dioctylphthalat, Didecyiphthalat, Dielcosylsebacat der 2-Äthylhexyldlester der dimeren Llnolsäure und das bei der Umsetzung von 1 MoI Sebazlnsäure mit 2 Mol Tetraäthylenglykol und 2 Mol 2-Äthylcapronsäure erhaltene Estergemisch. Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen eignen sich auch als Zusätze für Siliconöle, wie Polyalkyl-, Polyaryl-, Polyalkoxy- oder PoIyaryloxyslloxanöle und -silikatöle. Beispiele für diese Schmieröle sind Tetraäthylsilikat, Tetralsopropylslllkat, Tetra-(2-äthylhexyi)-slllkat, Tetra-(4-methyl-2-tetraäthyD-sllikat, Tetra-(p-tert.-butylphenyl)-sllikat, Hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)-dislloxan, Poly-(methyl)-slloxane und Poly-(methylphenyl)-sl!oxane. Weitere synthetische Schmieröle sind die flüssigen Ester von Phosphorsäuren, wie Tricresylphosphat, Trioctylphosphat und Decanphosphonsäuredläthylester, sowie polymere Tetrahydrofurane.
Im allgemeinen werden 0,05 bis 20,0 Gewichtstelle der erfindungsgemäßen Phosphonsäuredlester in 100 Teilen öl gelöst. Die erfindungsgemäßen Zusätze können auch zusammen mit anderen Zusätzen verwendet werden. Beispielsweise können daneben Detergents und Dlspersants des aschebildenden oder aschefreien Typs, Oxidationsinhibitoren, Stockpunktsernledriger, Hochdruckzusätze, Farbstabilisatoren und Schaumverhütungsmittel zugesetzt werden.
Beispiele für aschebildende Detergents sind öllösliche neutrale und basische Salze von Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallen mit Sulfonsäuren, Carbonsäuren oder organisehen Phosphorsäuren, die mindestens eine direkte Kohlenstoff-Phosphorbindung enthalten, wie Verbindungen, die durch Umsetzung eines Olefinpolymerisats, z. B. Polyisobuten mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1000, mit einer Phosphorverbindung, wie Phosphortrichlorid, Phosphorheptasulfid, Phosphorpentasulfid, Phosphortrichlorid und Schwefel, weißer Phosphor und ein Schwefelhalogenid, oder Thiophosphorsäurechlorid, hergestellt worden sind. Die am gebräuchlichsten verwendeten Salze dieser Säuren sind die Natrium-, Kalium-, Lithium-, Calcium-, Magnesium-, Strontium- und Bariumsalze.
Der Ausdruck »basische Salze« kennzeichnet Metallsalze, In denen das Metall in einer stöchiometrtsch größeren Menge als der organische Säurerest vorhanden ist. Übliche Verfahren zur Herstellung von basischen Salzen bestehen im Erhitzen einer Mineralöllösung einer Säure mit einem stöchiometrischen Überschuß an metallhaltiger, neutralisierender Verbindung, wie einem Metalloxid, -hydroxid, -carbonat, -bicarbonat oder -sulfid, auf Temperaturen von mindestens 50° C und anschließendes Filtrieren des entstandenen Reaktionsgemisches. Die Verwendung eines »Beschleunigers« in der Neutralisationsstufe, der den Einbau eines großen Metalioberschusses erleichtert, ist gleichfalls bekannt.
Beispiele für geeignete Beschleuniger, die auch als Promotoren bezeichnet werden, sind Phenole, wie Phenol, Naphthole, Alkylphenole, Thiophenol, mit Schwefel umgesetzte Alkylphenole und Kondensationsprodukte von Formaldehyd mit Phenolen, weiterhin Alkohole, wie Methanol, Isopropanol, Octylalkohol, 2-Äthoxyäthanol, Diäthylglykolmonoäthyläther, Äthylenglykol, Stearyialkohol und Cyclohexylalkohol, ferner Amine, wie Anilin, Phenylendiamin, Phenothiazin, Phenyl-/?-naphthylamin und Dodecylamln. Ein besonders wirksames Verfahren zur Herstellung der basischen Salze besteht Im Vermischen einer Säure mit einem Überschuß an einer basischen Erdalkalimetallverbindung und einem Alkohol als Beschleuniger, wonach das Gemisch bei erhöhten Temperaturen, wie 60 bis 200° C, mit Kohlensäure behandelt wird.
Beispiele für aschefreie Detergents und Dlspersants sind Copolymerisate von Monomeren, wie Methacrylsäuredecylester, Vlnyldecyläther oder hochmolekulare Olefine, mit einem vo'are Substituenten enthaltenden Monomeren, wie Aminoalkylacrylsäureester oder Poly-(oxyäthylen)-substitulerte Acrylate, ferner Aminsalze, Amide und Imide von öllöslichen Mono- oder Dicarbonsäuren, wie Stearinsäure, Ölsäure, Tallölsäure, und hochmolekulare, durch Alkyl- oder Alkylenreste substituierte Bernsteinsäuren. Besonders geeignet als aschfreie Detergents sind acylierte Polyamine und ähnliche stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen mit mindestens 54 Kohlenstoffatomen (vgl. US-PS 32 72 746); Reaktionsprodukte dieser Verbindungen mit anderen Verbindungen, wie Borverbindungen, Phosphorverbindungen, Epoxlden, Aldehyden öder organischen Säuren, und Ester von durch Kohlenwasserstoffreste substituierten Bernsteinsäuren (vgl. US-PS 33 81 022).
Beispiele für Hochdruckzusätze, Korrosions- und Oxidationsinhibitoren sind chlorierte allphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie chlorierte Wachse, weiterhin organische Sulfide und Polysulfide, wie Benzyldisulfld, Bls-(chlorbenzyl)-disulfid, Dibutyltetrasulfid, mit
Schwefel umgesetzte Methylester der Ölsäure, mit Schwefel- umgesetzte Alkylphenole, mit Schwefel umgesetztes Dipenten und mit Schwefel umgesetztes Terpen, ferner mit Phosphor und Schwefel umgesetzte Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie die Reaktionsprodukte der Umsetzung eines Phosphorsulfids mit Terpentin oder mit Ölsäuremethylester, weiterhin Phosphorsäureester und Phosphorigsäureester, hauptsächlich Di- und Triester, wie Dibutylphosphlt, Diheptylphosphlt, Dicyclohexylphosphit, Pentylphenylphosphit, Dipentylphenyiphosphit, Tridecylphosphit, Distearylphosphit, Dimethylnaphthyiphosphit, Oleyl-4-pentylphenylphosphit, Polypropylensubstituiertes (Molekulargewicht 500)-phenylphosphit und Diisobutylsubstituiertes-phenylphosphit, ferner Metallthiocarbamate, wie Zlnkdioctyldithlocarbamat und Bariumheptylphenyldithiocarbamat, weiterhin Dithiophosphate von Metallen der II. Gruppe, wie ZinkdicycloJhexyldithiophosphat, Zinkdioctyldithiophosphat, Bariumdi-(heptylphenyl)-dithiophosphat, Cadmiumdinonyldithiophosphat und das Zinksalz einer durch Umsetzung von Phosphorpentasulfid mit einem äquimolaren Gemisch von Isopropanol und n-Hexanol hergestellten Dithiophosphorsäure. Man kann die Flüssigkeiten mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Zusatz direkt durch Auflösen der verschiedenen Zusätze oder deren -5 Öllösungen in einem Mineralöl herstellen. Jedoch ist es bevorzugt, Konzentrate aus den Zusätzen herzustellen, die aus einem Verdünnungsmittel, meist einem Mineralöl, und mindestens einem der Zusätze bestehen, und diese Konzentrate im Mineralöl aufzulösen, wodurch schließlich die fertigen Betriebsflüssigkeiten entstehen.
Die Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung. Teile und Prozentangaben beziehen sich auf das Gewicht, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist.
Beispiel 1
Ein Gemisch von 194 Teilen (1 Mol) Phosphorigsäure-di-n-hutylester, 239 Teilen (1 Mol) eines Epoxids aus einem technischen Gemisch von geradkettigen Cm- und Ci6-a-Olefinen und 0,2 Teilen Natriummethoxid wird 8 Stunden auf 190 bis 200° C erhitzt. Danach werden weitere 60 Teile (0,25 Mol) Epoxid zugegeben, und das Gemisch wird weitere 8 Stunden auf 200 bis 205= C erhitzt. Anschließend werden fiücb'ige Bestandteile bei 1500C unter vermindertem Druck abdestilliert. Der Rückstand wird durch eine Filtrierhilfe filtriert. Man erhalt ein Produkt mit einem Phosphorgehalt von 6,28 Prozent.
Beispiel 2
Ein Gemisch von 776 Teilen (4 Mol) Phosphcrlgsäure-di-n-butylesier und 1195 Teilen (5MoI) des Epoxids aus Beispiel 1 wird mit Stickstoff gespült. Anschließend werden 4.6 Teile Natriummetall zugegeben. Danach wird das Gemiscn unter Stickstoff 10 Siunden auf 160 bis 1700C erhitzt. Sodann wird das Reaktionsgemisch durch eine Filtrierhilfe filtriert. Man 6d erhüit ein Produkt mit einem Phosphorgehalt von 6,30 Prozent.
Nachstehend wird eine Rezeptur für eine Flüssigkeit für automatische Getriebe angegeben.
Reaktionsprodukt von Poly- 1,75 Prozent
isobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrld
mit Poiyäthylenpolyamin
(3 bis 7 Aminogruppen)
Reaktionsprodukt von Borsäure 0,67 Prozent
mit einem Reaktionsprodukt
von Polyisobutenylbernstein-
säureanhydrid und einem PoIy-
äthylenpolyamin
Zinkdiisooctyldithiophosphat 0,64 Prozent
Talgsubstituiertes Diäthanolamin 0,10 Prozent
Ester-Amid-Gemisch eines Malein- 1,20 Prozent
säureanhydrid-Styrol-Copolymerisats
(12prozentige Lösung in Toluol)
Quellmittel für Dichtungsringe 3,00 Prozent
auf Kohlenwasserstoffbasis
Substituiertes Diphenylamin 0,20 Prozent
Reaktionsprodukt von 2 Mol Glycid 0,04 Prozent
mit 1 Irtol eines Cu-Gemisches
eines primären Amins
Antischaummittel auf Siliconbasis 0,02 Prozent
65
Mineralöl (ATF)
Produkt aus Beispiel
92.25 Prozent 0.13 Prozent

Claims (1)

Patentansprüche:
1. Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie durch Umset- zung mindestens eines Phosphorigsäurediesters der allgemeinen Formel I
R1O
\1
Ρ—Η
DE2447468A 1973-10-04 1974-10-04 Phosphonsäureesterzusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als reibungssenkende Zusätze in flüssigen Arbeitsmedien Expired DE2447468C2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/403,373 US3932290A (en) 1973-10-04 1973-10-04 Phosphorus-containing friction modifiers for functional fluids
US05/602,036 US4005159A (en) 1973-10-04 1975-08-05 Hydroxy containing phosphonates

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DE2447468A1 DE2447468A1 (de) 1975-04-17
DE2447468C2 true DE2447468C2 (de) 1984-08-09

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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101432A (en) * 1977-07-14 1978-07-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Lubricant compositions containing organophosphorus derivatives of hydroxycarboxylic acids
JPS57155295A (en) * 1981-03-23 1982-09-25 Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd Lubricating oil for power transmitting apparatus
US4532057A (en) * 1983-08-31 1985-07-30 Mobil Oil Corporation Lubricant composition comprising the reaction product of a vicinal diol and a dihydrocarbyl phosphite
US5110488A (en) * 1986-11-24 1992-05-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions containing reduced levels of phosphorus
US6127323A (en) 1997-04-21 2000-10-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Power transmission fluids containing alkyl phosphonates
CA2496100A1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Power transmission fluids with enhanced extreme pressure characteristics

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NICHTS-ERMITTELT

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DE2447468A1 (de) 1975-04-17
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FR2246626B1 (de) 1979-05-04

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