DE2415970A1 - Lightweight concrete plates prodn - produced by machining processes from blocks moulded in thermally insulating moulds - Google Patents
Lightweight concrete plates prodn - produced by machining processes from blocks moulded in thermally insulating mouldsInfo
- Publication number
- DE2415970A1 DE2415970A1 DE2415970A DE2415970A DE2415970A1 DE 2415970 A1 DE2415970 A1 DE 2415970A1 DE 2415970 A DE2415970 A DE 2415970A DE 2415970 A DE2415970 A DE 2415970A DE 2415970 A1 DE2415970 A1 DE 2415970A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- block
- formwork
- produced
- moulds
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006329 Styropor Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
- B28B11/145—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for dividing block-shaped bodies of expanded materials, e.g. cellular concrete
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
- B28B5/04—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds moved in succession past one or more shaping stations
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Platten aus Leichtstoffen.Process for the production of panels from lightweight materials.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von gegebenenfalls mit parallel zu den Breitseiten verlaufenden Kanälen versehenen Platten aus leichtstoffen Wie Styroporbeton.The invention relates to a method for the production of optionally panels made of lightweight materials with channels running parallel to the broad sides Like styrofoam concrete.
Es ist bekannt, aus Leichtstoffen, beispielsweise Styroporbeton, körper verschiedener Form, so auch verhältnismäßig dünne Platten dadurch herzustellen, daß das bezügliche Mischgut in Schalungsformen, die den fertigen Körpern völlig entsprechen, abgefüllt wird und in denen es aushärtet, worauf die Schalungen entfernt werden und die fertigen-Körper erhalten werden.It is known from lightweight materials, such as styrofoam concrete, body various shapes, so also to produce relatively thin panels by that the related mix in formwork forms, which the finished body completely correspond, is filled and in which it hardens, whereupon the formwork is removed and the finished bodies are obtained.
Bei der Herstellung dünnwandiger Körper, beispielsweise Platten, ist es für eine Beschleunigung der Aushärtung und eine möglichst baldige Entschalung erforderlich, ärmebehandlungen, etwa durch Dampfzufuhr, durchzuführen. Außerdem sind die Abmessungen der Formlinge an die jeweils verwendete Form gebunden, wobei jeder einzelne Formling nach Füllung der Schalungsform gepreßt wird, um eine brauchbare Dichte zu erzielen, was formbedingt oft schwierig ist. Besonders schwierig wird die Herstellung nach dem bekannten Verfahren dann, wenn in verhältnismäßig dünnen Platten Bohrungen bzw0 Kanäle vorhanden sein sollen, die parallel zu den Breitseiten und beispielsweise geneigt zu den Stirnseiten der Platte im Inneren derselben verlaufen. Die EIerstellung solcher Bohrungen bzw. Kanäle etwa durch Eohrfräsen ist in dünnwandigen Platten äußerst schwierig und mit großem Ausschuß verbunden.In the manufacture of thin-walled bodies, for example panels, is it for an acceleration of the hardening and a removal of the formwork as soon as possible necessary to carry out heat treatments, for example by supplying steam. aside from that the dimensions of the moldings are tied to the mold used in each case, with every single molding after filling the formwork mold is pressed to a usable one Achieving density, which is often difficult due to the shape. Will be particularly difficult the production by the known method when in relatively thin Plate holes or channels should be available that are parallel to the broad sides and for example run inclined to the end faces of the plate inside the same. The creation of such bores or channels, for example by milling, is thin-walled Plates extremely difficult and associated with large rejects.
Das Ziel der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zu schaffen,-mit dem die Nachteile der bekannten Herstellungsverfahren vermieden und billigere und bessere Körper rascher hergestellt werden können.The aim of the invention is to create a method -with which avoided the disadvantages of the known manufacturing processes and cheaper and better bodies can be made faster.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das der Herstellung der Platten dienende, beispielsweise Schaumstoff, Zement, Steinmehl, Gips, talk, Kunststoff-Haftvermittler u. dgl. According to the invention, the production of the plates is used, for example Foam, cement, stone dust, plaster of paris, talc, plastic adhesion promoters and the like.
enthaltende Mischgut zunächst in großvolumige, insbesondere wärmeisolierte Blockschalungen gefüllt, gegebenenfalls in diesen gepreßt und hierauf in der Blockschalung zur Aushärtung gelagert, anschließend wird der ltohblock entschalt und durch Fräsen, Sägen od. dgl.mixed material containing initially into large-volume, in particular thermally insulated Block formwork filled, if necessary pressed into this and then in the block formwork stored for hardening, then the clay block is demolded and milled, Saws or the like
in die herzustellenden Teile zerteilt.divided into the parts to be produced.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht vor allem darin, daß sich die bisher erforderliche Wärmebehandlung zur Beschleunigung. der Aushärtung erübrigt. Beim Abbinden von Materialien, die dabei )rme abgeben, wie dies bei Zement, Gips, Kalk u. dgl. der Pall ist, wird nämlich durch die freiwerdende wärme ab einem bestimmten kritischen " Volumen eine innere Aufheizung des Mischgutes erreicht, die umso größer ist, je größer die "kritische" Masse ist.There is a major advantage of the method according to the invention above all in the fact that the previously required heat treatment for acceleration. the curing is unnecessary. When setting materials that give off poor as is the case with cement, plaster of paris, lime, and the like, the pall is made free by the above a certain critical "volume, heat an internal heating of the material to be mixed achieved, which is greater, the greater the "critical" mass.
Das "kritische" Volumen ist je nach mischgut ver.schieden und liegt für würfelförmig gegossenen Styroporbeton bei wärmeisolierten Schalungen bei etwa 0S5 a3, wobei Temperaturen bis zu 1100 C erreicht werden.The "critical" volume is different depending on the mix and is included for cube-shaped cast styrofoam concrete with heat-insulated formwork around 0S5 a3, with temperatures of up to 1100 C being reached.
Damit ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein weiterer wesentlicher Effekt verbunden.This is another essential aspect of the method according to the invention Effect connected.
Durch die innere Aufheizung erfahren expandierfähige Zuschlagstoffe, wie Styropor, eine Schäumung bzw. eine Nachschäumung, wenn vorgeschäumtes Material zugegeben wurde, wodurch der innere Druck der Püllmasse erhöht und ein dichteres Gefüge erzielt wird. Außerdem wird durch die höhere temperatur beispielsweise bei Verwendung von Zement auch der Kristallisationsvorgang des Zementes beschleunigt.Due to the internal heating, expandable aggregates experience such as styrofoam, foaming or post-foaming, if pre-foamed material was added, whereby the internal pressure of the filling compound increased and a denser Structure is achieved. In addition, due to the higher temperature, for example Using cement also speeds up the crystallization process of the cement.
Eventuell beigefügte Kunststoff-Haftvermittler neigen dabei zufolge der höheren Temperatur zu rascherem Aushärten.Any added plastic adhesion promoters tend to be the higher temperature leads to faster curing.
Durch den inneren Druckanstieg erübrigt sich der ansonsten notwendige Vorpreßvorgang weitgehend, besonders dann, wenn die Blockschalungen nach Einbringen des Misch-,;-.tcs allseits verschlossen werden.Due to the internal pressure increase, the otherwise necessary one is superfluous Pre-pressing process largely, especially when the block formwork is installed of the mixed -,; -. tcs are closed on all sides.
Nach der Entschalung wird der Rohblock durch Bearbeitung, z. B. durch Fräsen, Bohren oder Sägen in exakt bemessene Einzelteile geteilt. Zum Sägen können vorzugsweise Gattersägen verwendet werden Die Abfälle, die durch die Bearbeitung entstehen, werden zweckmäßigerweise wieder der Mischung als Zuschlagstoffe beigemengt, wodurch eine verlRstlose, rasche, genaue und billige Herstellungsmethode erzielt wird.After the formwork has been removed, the raw block is machined, e.g. B. by Milling, drilling or sawing with precision measured items divided. Frame saws can preferably be used for sawing the processing arise are expediently again the mixture as aggregates added, creating a cost-free, quick, accurate and cheap manufacturing method is achieved.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung erläutert, die schematisch eine beispielsweise Anlage zur Herstellung von mit Bohrungen bzw. Kanälen versehenen dünnen Styroporplatten zeigt Von einem Schalungskran 1 werden leere Blockschalungen 2 unter einen Zwischensilo 3 gebracht, aus dem sie mit ischgut gefüllt werden. Das Mischgut wird dem Zwischensilo 3 aus einem Hauptmischer 4 zugeführt, der seinerseits aus einem Zementsilo 5 mit Zement, aus einem Steinmehlsilo 6 über eine Dosiervorrichtung 7 mit Steinmehl, aus einem Wasserbehälter 8 mit Wasser, aus einem Spänebehälter 9 über einen Spänedosierer 10 mit Spänen und von einem Vormischer 11 mit einer Schaumstoffmischung beaufschlagt wird. Dem Vormischer 11 werden einerseits über eine Dosiervorrichtung 12 aus einem Härterbehälter 13 Härter und aus einem Harzbehälter 14 Harz, andererseits aus einem Wasserbehälter 15 Ifasser und aus einem Schaumstoffbehälter 16 über einen Schaumstoffdosierer 17 Schaumstoff-zugeführt. Der Schaumstoffbehälter 16 wird über ein Fördergebläse 18 mit Schaumstoff aus einem Schaumstofflager 19 versorgt, das über ein Fördergebläse 20 mit einem Schaumstoffzwischenlager 21 in Verbindung steht, das über einen Dosierer 22 aus einem Granulatbehälter 23 versorgt-wird.The method according to the invention is illustrated with the aid of the accompanying drawing explains schematically an example of a plant for the production of bores Thin Styrofoam panels provided or channels provided by a shuttering crane 1 are shown empty block formwork 2 brought under an intermediate silo 3, from which they are with ischgut be filled. The mix is fed to the intermediate silo 3 from a main mixer 4, which in turn from a cement silo 5 with cement, from a stone flour silo 6 over a metering device 7 with stone powder, from a water container 8 with water a chip container 9 via a chip feeder 10 with chips and from a premixer 11 is applied with a foam mixture. The premixer 11 on the one hand Via a metering device 12 from a hardener container 13 and from a hardener Resin tank 14 resin, on the other hand from a water tank 15 I water and from a Foam container 16 via a foam feeder 17 foam-fed. The foam container 16 is fed with foam from a foam storage 19 via a conveyor blower 18 supplied, which via a conveyor blower 20 with a foam intermediate storage 21 in There is a connection which is supplied from a granulate container 23 via a metering device 22.
Die mit Mischgut gefüllten Blockschalungen 2 werden nach Beendigung des Füllvorganges über eine Presse 24 geführt und hierauf vorzugsweise durch einen Deckel zur Gänze verschlossen. Nunmehr werden die gefüllten Blockschalungen beispielsweise für die Dauer von 24 Stunden in einem Reifungszwischenlager 25 abgelagert wo das Mischgut erhärtet und sich auch durch die zufolge der Eigenerwärmung herbeigeführte Innendrucksteigerung verdichtet.The block formwork 2, which is filled with mixed material, is after completion the filling process is performed via a press 24 and then preferably by a Cover completely closed. Now the filled block formwork is, for example deposited for a period of 24 hours in an intermediate ripening store 25 where the Mixture hardens and is also caused by the self-heating Increased internal pressure compressed.
Nach Beendigung des Härtevorganges werden die gefüllten Blockschalungen beispielsweise mittels eines Hubstaplers einem Entschalungskran 26 zugeführt und entichaltv Die Kunststoffblöcke werden hierauf in einer Bohrfräse 27 mit schräg liegenden Bohrungen versehea und anschliessend mit einer Gattersäge 28 in Platten 29 zerteilt, die über einen Kipptisch 30 mittels eines Hubstaplers zu einem Auslieferungsiager gebracht werden.After the hardening process has been completed, the filled block formwork is removed for example by means of a forklift to a demoulding crane 26 and fed entichaltv The plastic blocks are then in a drill 27 with inclined Versehea lying holes and then with a gang saw 28 in panels 29 divided by a tilting table 30 by means of a forklift to a Delivery warehouse to be brought.
Zur Verwertung der beim Bohren und Sägen anfallenden Späne werden diese über einen Absaugkanal 31 und einen Späneförderer 32 dem Spänebehälter 9 zugeführt.To recycle the chips from drilling and sawing these are fed to the chip container 9 via a suction channel 31 and a chip conveyor 32.
Für die Steuerung des gesamten Pertigungsablaxfes ist ein Schaltschrank 33 vorgesehen.A control cabinet is used to control the entire production process 33 provided.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2415970A DE2415970A1 (en) | 1974-04-02 | 1974-04-02 | Lightweight concrete plates prodn - produced by machining processes from blocks moulded in thermally insulating moulds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2415970A DE2415970A1 (en) | 1974-04-02 | 1974-04-02 | Lightweight concrete plates prodn - produced by machining processes from blocks moulded in thermally insulating moulds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2415970A1 true DE2415970A1 (en) | 1975-10-16 |
Family
ID=5911948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2415970A Pending DE2415970A1 (en) | 1974-04-02 | 1974-04-02 | Lightweight concrete plates prodn - produced by machining processes from blocks moulded in thermally insulating moulds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2415970A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2603319A1 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-04 | Vetois Marcel | Moulded low density concrete panels with machined peripheral ribs - for use as partitions or cladding for buildings |
| US6827570B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-12-07 | Amazon Forms One, Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacture of unitary lightweight concrete composite blocks |
| US6974317B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2005-12-13 | Amazon Forms One, Inc. | Lightweight concrete composite blocks |
| CN111409170A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-14 | 刘远城 | Concrete cement piece is equipment of pouring in batches |
-
1974
- 1974-04-02 DE DE2415970A patent/DE2415970A1/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2603319A1 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-04 | Vetois Marcel | Moulded low density concrete panels with machined peripheral ribs - for use as partitions or cladding for buildings |
| US6827570B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2004-12-07 | Amazon Forms One, Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacture of unitary lightweight concrete composite blocks |
| US6974317B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2005-12-13 | Amazon Forms One, Inc. | Lightweight concrete composite blocks |
| CN111409170A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-14 | 刘远城 | Concrete cement piece is equipment of pouring in batches |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105665637B (en) | A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process of frost sand mold | |
| ATE4101T1 (en) | PROCESS FOR FILLING MOLDING TOOL CAVITIES WITH A REACTION MIXTURE OF AT LEAST TWO FLOWABLE REACTION COMPONENTS FORMING A SOLID PLASTIC. | |
| DE1299547B (en) | Process for the rapid pre-curing of cement-bound lightweight concrete moldings | |
| DE2133320B2 (en) | Method for producing a shaped body with at least one continuous cavity made of a powdery component that sets with liquid and a fibrous component | |
| US4124669A (en) | Aerated concrete process | |
| EP0701503B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for casting concrete products | |
| DE2415970A1 (en) | Lightweight concrete plates prodn - produced by machining processes from blocks moulded in thermally insulating moulds | |
| EP0547433A1 (en) | Method of making calcium-hydrosilicate-bound shaped bodies | |
| DE3603527A1 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CAST MOLDS | |
| DE2408503A1 (en) | Moulding synthetic stones blocks or plates - by subjecting the plastics impregnated aggregate in the mould to vibration prior to thermosetting | |
| CH590798A5 (en) | Fire resistant, insulated mouldings for walls or doors - using expanded vermiculite and perlite bonded with water-glass or epoxy resin (OE 15.3.75) | |
| CH595198A5 (en) | Moulding plant for gas concrete bricks | |
| EP0241491B1 (en) | Form tool, in particular for processing plastic and synthetic resin concrete or mortar molding materials | |
| GB2040214A (en) | Method of producing moulded articles | |
| DE102004027920B4 (en) | Plant for filling hollow blocks with thermal insulation has the filler components supplied from dry silos and premixed before final mixing with water and injecting into the blocks on a conveyor feed | |
| EP1005407B1 (en) | Method for producing substantially inorganic foams on fixed installations, and corresponding installations | |
| DE808285C (en) | Vibration mixing of organic plastic foam compounds for the production of molded parts and for filling hollow bodies | |
| DE3929276A1 (en) | Formwork and mould-work procedure in mfr. of precast concrete units - uses clay for intricate features and inserts and flow chart programme included | |
| DE1816888A1 (en) | Glass-fibre-reinforced resin-encased, - structural element | |
| US1063899A (en) | Process of forming cement blocks. | |
| DE574132C (en) | Device and its application for the manufacture of refractory molded parts | |
| EP0020989B1 (en) | Method for producing patterns, coreboxes and tools, and patterns so obtained | |
| DE2701363C2 (en) | Molds based on calcium silicate hydrate for the production of molded parts from foamable plastics | |
| EP0260342A1 (en) | Method for making fibrous building elements such as panels, moulded elements or the like | |
| DE2655515A1 (en) | Lightweight sand-lime bricks from sand, calcareous binder and water - contain plastics particles which melt during firing to leave pores |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OHJ | Non-payment of the annual fee |