DE2406121A1 - ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ENCLOSED BY A POLYMER - Google Patents

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ENCLOSED BY A POLYMER

Info

Publication number
DE2406121A1
DE2406121A1 DE19742406121 DE2406121A DE2406121A1 DE 2406121 A1 DE2406121 A1 DE 2406121A1 DE 19742406121 DE19742406121 DE 19742406121 DE 2406121 A DE2406121 A DE 2406121A DE 2406121 A1 DE2406121 A1 DE 2406121A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
acrylic acid
mol
activated carbon
enclosed
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19742406121
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Wu-Der No-Ree Huang
Robert Edward Sparks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandoz AG
Original Assignee
Sandoz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandoz AG filed Critical Sandoz AG
Publication of DE2406121A1 publication Critical patent/DE2406121A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/44—Elemental carbon, e.g. charcoal, carbon black
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3276—Copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/354—After-treatment
    • C01B32/372—Coating; Grafting; Microencapsulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/354—After-treatment
    • C01B32/382—Making shaped products, e.g. fibres, spheres, membranes or foam

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Description

DR. MÜLLER-BORE Dipl.-ING. 3Π0ΕΝ' NG UIPL.-CHEM. DR. DEUFELDR. MÜLLER-BORE Dipl.-ING. 3Π0ΕΝ 'NG UIPL.-CHEM. DR. DEUFEL

DIPL.-CHEM. DR. SCHÖN Dl PL.-PHYS. H ERTE L *) / Π £ 1 ODIPL.-CHEM. DR. SCHÖN DI PL.-PHYS. H ERTE L *) / Π £ 1 O

PATENTANWÄLTE Ä H U U L PATENT LAWYERS Ä HUU L

S/S 89-1S / S 89-1

SANDOZ LTD.
Basel / SchweizSANDOZ LTD.
Basel, Switzerland

Von einem Polymeren umschlossene Aktivkohle Activated carbon enclosed in a polymer

Die Erfindung betrifft von einem Polymeren umschlossene Aktivkohle. Insbesondere befaßt sich die Erfindung mit einer Aktivkohle, die von Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Styrol oder Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Acrylnitril umschlossen ist sowie mit ihrer Verwendung zur Entfernung von urämischen Toxinen aus den Darmtrakt.The invention relates to activated carbon enclosed by a polymer. In particular, the invention is concerned with an activated carbon enclosed by copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene or copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile is as well as its use to remove uremic toxins from the intestinal tract.

Es ist bekannt> daß Aktivkohle in vitro organische urämische Toxine aufgrund der Tatsache zu entfernen vermag, daß sie dazu in der Lage ist, dialysierendes Fluid in künstlichen Nierengängen mit niedrigem Volumen zu regenerieren. Aktivkohle vermag jedoch nicht in vivo urämische Toxine zu entfernen, da andere Substanzen, die in den Darmfluids vorliegen, die Sorptionsstellen auf der Aktivkohle erschöpfen. It is known that activated carbon is organic uremic in vitro Able to remove toxins due to the fact that it is capable of dialyzing fluid in artificial kidney ducts to regenerate with low volume. However, activated charcoal cannot remove uremic toxins in vivo, as others Substances present in the intestinal fluids deplete the sorption sites on the activated carbon.

409833/0827409833/0827

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung einer von einem Polymeren eingeschlossenen Aktivkohle, welche urämische Toxine in dem Darmtrakt zu entfernen vermag.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a polymer-entrapped activated carbon which contains uremic toxins able to remove in the intestinal tract.

Die neue, von Polymeren eingeschlossene Aktivkohle gemäß vorliegender Erfindung besteht aus einer Aktivkohle, die von einem hydrophilen, geladenen polymeren Film umschlossen ist. Der polymere Film setzt sich aus einem Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Styrol oder aus einem Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Acrylnitril zusammen. Diese Copolymeren können nach üblichen Methoden hergestellt werden, beispielsweise durch Polymerisation in Masse oder durch Polymerisation in Lösung.The new polymer-entrapped activated carbon according to the present invention Invention consists of an activated carbon which is enclosed by a hydrophilic, charged polymeric film. Of the polymeric film is composed of a copolymer of acrylic acid and styrene or of a copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile together. These copolymers can be prepared by customary methods, for example by bulk polymerization or by polymerization in solution.

Das Acrylsäure/Styrol-Copolymere kann ungefähr 5 bis 50 Mol-% Acrylsäure und vorzugsweise 25 bis 35 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten. Das Acrylsäure/Acrylnitril-Copolymere kann ungefähr 2 bis 60 Mol-% Acrylsäure und vorzugsweise 30 bis 40 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten. Die Porengröße der polymeren Filme ist derartig, daß sie vorzugsweise einen Durchgang der orämischen Toxine, beispielsweise von Kreatinin und Harnsäure, durch die Poren gestattet, so daß diese Toxine an der Aktivkohle sorbiert werden können, während der Durchgang von solchen Substanzen verhindert wird, welche die aktivierten Kohlenstoffsorptionssteilen erschöpfen.The acrylic acid / styrene copolymer can be about 5 to 50 mol% Acrylic acid and preferably contain 25 to 35 mol% acrylic acid. The acrylic acid / acrylonitrile copolymer can be about 2 to 60% Contain mol% acrylic acid and preferably 30 to 40 mol% acrylic acid. The pore size of the polymeric films is such that they preferably a passage of the oremic toxins, for example of creatinine and uric acid, allowed through the pores so that these toxins can be sorbed on the activated carbon, while preventing the passage of those substances which exhaust the activated carbon sorbent moieties.

Polymere Filme aus Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Styrol, die weniger als 5 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten, sowie polymere Filme aus Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Acrylnitril, die weniger als 2 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten, neigen dazu, brüchig zu werden, so daß sie als Umhüllungs- oder Einkapselungsmaterialxen unbefriedigend sind.Polymeric films made from copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene that contain less than 5 mol% acrylic acid, as well as polymeric films from copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile, which contain less than 2 mol% acrylic acid, tend to become brittle, so that they are unsatisfactory as wrapping or encapsulating materials.

Polymere Filme aus Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Styrol, die mehr als 50 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten, sowie polymere Filme aus Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Acrylnitril, die mehr als 60 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten, neigen zu einer Bildung löslicherPolymeric films made from copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene containing more than 50 mol% acrylic acid, as well as polymeric films from copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile which contain more than 60 mol% acrylic acid tend to form more soluble ones

409833/0827409833/0827

Alkalisalze der Copolymeren und sind daher als Einkapselungsmaterialien ungeeignet.Alkali salts of the copolymers and are therefore used as encapsulating materials not suitable.

Die poiymeren Filme aus Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Styrol sollten daher ungefähr 5 Mol-% bis ungefähr 5O Mol-%, vorzugsweise jedoch ungefähr 25 Mol-% bis ungefähr 35 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten. In ähnlicher Weise sollten die polymeren Filme aus Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Acrylnitril ungefähr 2 Mol-% bis ungefähr 6O Mol-% und vorzugsweise ungefähr 30 Mol-% bis ungefähr 40 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthalten.The polymeric films made from copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene should therefore about 5 mol% to about 50 mol%, preferably but about 25 mole percent to about 35 mole percent acrylic acid contain. Similarly, the polymeric films made from copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile should be approximately 2 mol% to about 60 mole percent, and preferably about 30 mole percent to about Contains 40 mol% acrylic acid.

Beispiel Example

Ein Copolymerfilm aus Acrylsäure und Styrol mit 24,7 Mol-% Acrylsäure und einer Filmdicke von 17,3 u (Of68 mils) (in feuchtem Zustand) wird aus Aceton vergossen und in einem Dialysator zur Bestimmung der Durchlässigkeit des Films gegenüber verschiedenen Materialien getestet. Die Ergebnisse sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengefaßt:A copolymer film of acrylic acid and styrene with 24.7 mol% acrylic acid and a film thickness of 17.3 µm (O f 68 mils) (when wet) is cast from acetone and placed in a dialyzer to determine the permeability of the film to various materials tested. The results are summarized in the following table:

Diffusionsvermögen, Gelöste Substanz 1Q-7 χ cm2 χ -1Diffusivity, dissolved substance 1Q -7 χ cm 2 χ -1

Harnstoff 8,5Urea 8.5

Kreatinin 7,5Creatinine 7.5

Glucose 4,3Glucose 4.3

NaCl 1,5 Natriumacetat 0NaCl 1.5 sodium acetate 0

Natriumeitrat OSodium citrate O

Natriumoleat OSodium oleate O

Die vorstehenden Ergebnisse zeigen die Durchlässigkeit eines erfindungsgemäßen Films. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, daß dieser Film einen Durchgang von Kreatinin und Harnstoff ermöglicht, jedoch den Durchtritt von Natriumacetat, Natriumeitrat und Natriumoleat verhindert.The above results show the permeability of a film of the present invention. It should be noted that this Film allows the passage of creatinine and urea, but allows the passage of sodium acetate, and sodium citrate Prevents sodium oleate.

4 0 9 8 3 3/08274 0 9 8 3 3/0827

Claims (6)

-A--A- PatentansprücheClaims (l/ Aktivkohle, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie von einem hydrophilen geladenen polymeren Film umhüllt ist. (l / activated carbon, characterized in that it is encased in a hydrophilic charged polymeric film. 2. Aktivkohle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der polymere Film ein Film aus einem Copolymeren aus Acrylsäure und Styrol oder aus Acrylsäure und Acrylnitril ist.2. Activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric film is a film made of a copolymer of acrylic acid and styrene or of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile. 3. Aktivkohle nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Acrylsäure/Styrol-Copolymerfilm 5 Mol-% bis 50 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthält.3. activated carbon according to claim 2, characterized in that the Acrylic acid / styrene copolymer film 5 mol% to 50 mol% acrylic acid contains. 4. Aktivkohle nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Acrylsäure/Styrol-Copolymerfilm 25 Mol-% bis 35 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthält.4. activated carbon according to claim 3, characterized in that the acrylic acid / styrene copolymer film 25 mol% to 35 mol% acrylic acid contains. 5. Aktivkohle nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Acrylsäure/Acrylnitril-Copolymerfilm 2 Mol-% bis 60 Mol-%
Acrylsäure enthält.5. activated carbon according to claim 2, characterized in that the acrylic acid / acrylonitrile copolymer film 2 mol% to 60 mol%
Contains acrylic acid. 6. Aktivkohle nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Acrylsäure/Acrylnitril-Copolymerfilm 30 Mol-% bis 40 Mol-% Acrylsäure enthält.6. activated carbon according to claim 5, characterized in that the acrylic acid / acrylonitrile copolymer film 30 mol% to 40 mol% Contains acrylic acid. 409833/0827409833/0827
DE19742406121 1973-02-09 1974-02-08 ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ENCLOSED BY A POLYMER Pending DE2406121A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33115273A 1973-02-09 1973-02-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2406121A1 true DE2406121A1 (en) 1974-08-15

Family

ID=23292827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19742406121 Pending DE2406121A1 (en) 1973-02-09 1974-02-08 ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ENCLOSED BY A POLYMER

Country Status (10)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS49112897A (en)
BE (1) BE810730A (en)
CA (1) CA1025355A (en)
DD (1) DD109363A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2406121A1 (en)
ES (1) ES423054A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2217011B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1466702A (en)
IT (1) IT1048165B (en)
NL (1) NL7401542A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2627824A1 (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-01-13 Eisai Co Ltd COATED SPHERICAL CHARCOAL FOR BLOOD CLEANSING
DE3801457A1 (en) * 1988-01-20 1989-08-03 Hasso Von Bluecher Activated carbon having high abrasion resistance and low moisture sensitivity
DE4036354A1 (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-05-21 Hasso Von Bluecher Removing solvent vapour from off-gases contg. oil, grease etc. - by passing the gas through a wide-pore adsorption filter and then through a fine-pore adsorbent

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5361589A (en) * 1976-11-16 1978-06-02 Taiyo Kaken Co Purdfied active carbon
JPS5542210A (en) * 1978-09-12 1980-03-25 Koichi Ogawa Special activated carbon
BE1005999A4 (en) * 1992-06-19 1994-04-12 Leuven K U Res & Dev Absorbent FOR CULTURE MEDIUM AND ITS ANTICIPATED HOLDER.
US6706287B2 (en) * 2001-05-15 2004-03-16 Kibow Biotech Inc. Prebiotic and probiotic compositions and methods for their use in gut-based therapies
EP1800686A3 (en) * 1999-05-13 2009-12-30 Genzyme Corporation Anionic polymers as toxin binders and antibacterial agents
US6270755B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2001-08-07 Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anionic polymers as toxin binders
US6290946B1 (en) 1999-05-13 2001-09-18 Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anionic polymers as toxin binders and antibacterial agents
CA2314494A1 (en) 2000-05-02 2001-11-02 Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anionic polymers as species specific antibacterial agents
WO2005105068A1 (en) * 2004-04-15 2005-11-10 Dow Global Technologies Inc. In vivo stimulation of intestinal transporters for excretion of nitrogenous wastes
US20090155508A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-18 Pactiv Corporation Encapsulated Activated Carbon and the Preparation Thereof
DE102013021957A1 (en) 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Method for removing protein-bound uremic toxins by adsorption to dialyzable excipients
GB2527288A (en) * 2014-06-11 2015-12-23 Imp Innovations Ltd Functionalised material
DE102017113853A1 (en) 2017-06-22 2018-12-27 B. Braun Avitum Ag Hemocompatible adsorbent for dialysis of protein-bound uremic toxins

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2627824A1 (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-01-13 Eisai Co Ltd COATED SPHERICAL CHARCOAL FOR BLOOD CLEANSING
DE3801457A1 (en) * 1988-01-20 1989-08-03 Hasso Von Bluecher Activated carbon having high abrasion resistance and low moisture sensitivity
DE4036354A1 (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-05-21 Hasso Von Bluecher Removing solvent vapour from off-gases contg. oil, grease etc. - by passing the gas through a wide-pore adsorption filter and then through a fine-pore adsorbent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1025355A (en) 1978-01-31
DD109363A5 (en) 1974-11-05
JPS49112897A (en) 1974-10-28
GB1466702A (en) 1977-03-09
FR2217011B1 (en) 1977-05-06
BE810730A (en) 1974-05-29
IT1048165B (en) 1980-11-20
NL7401542A (en) 1974-08-13
ES423054A1 (en) 1977-03-01
FR2217011A1 (en) 1974-09-06

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