DE2364654A1 - Heating device for liquids and gases - has number of heating elements through which fluid flows in housing with appropriate branches - Google Patents
Heating device for liquids and gases - has number of heating elements through which fluid flows in housing with appropriate branchesInfo
- Publication number
- DE2364654A1 DE2364654A1 DE2364654A DE2364654A DE2364654A1 DE 2364654 A1 DE2364654 A1 DE 2364654A1 DE 2364654 A DE2364654 A DE 2364654A DE 2364654 A DE2364654 A DE 2364654A DE 2364654 A1 DE2364654 A1 DE 2364654A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heating elements
- heating
- housing
- fluid
- gases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical group [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 dextrose Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/148—Silicon, e.g. silicon carbide, magnesium silicide, heating transistors or diodes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
SIGRI ELEKTROGRAPHIT GMBH Meitingen beiSIGRI ELEKTROGRAPHIT GMBH Meitingen
Augsburg, den ] '· ßE2·Augsburg, the ] '· ßE2 ·
73/1973/19
HeizvorrichtungHeater
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen mit einem oder mehreren von dem fluiden Medium durchströmten, mit elektrischen Anschlüssen versehenen und von einem Gehäuse umschlossenen Heizelementen sowie mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Rohren zur Zu- und Ableitung des fluiden Mediums·The invention relates to a device for heating of liquids and gases with one or more of the fluid medium flowing through it, with electrical Connections provided and enclosed by a housing heating elements and connected to the housing Pipes for the supply and discharge of the fluid medium
Zur Aufheizung strömender Medien sind poröse elektrische Widerstandsheizelemente enthaltende Vorrichtungen bekanntgeworden, in denen das Medium das poröse Heizelement durchströmt und der Wärmeübergang im wesentlichen an den Porenoberflachen des Heizelements erfolgt. Die Austauschleistung derartiger Vorrichtungen ist infolge der großen Austauschfläche sehr groß, so daß eine bestimmte Leistung im Vergleich zu kompakten Heizelementen oder sonstigen Wärmeaustauschern in einem kleineren Volumen erzielt wird. Die Vorrichtungen sind deshalb besonders für Geräte und Apparate geeignet, die nicht in beliebiger Größe ausgeführt werden können. Devices containing porous electrical resistance heating elements have become known for heating flowing media. in which the medium flows through the porous heating element and the heat transfer is essentially on the pore surfaces of the heating element takes place. The exchange performance Such devices is very large due to the large exchange area, so that a certain Performance compared to compact heating elements or other heat exchangers in a smaller volume is achieved. The devices are therefore particularly suitable for devices and apparatus that cannot be made in any size.
Die bekannten Widerstandsheizelemente bestehen aus einem 2:0 porösen Sintermetall, aus Kohlenstoff- und Graphitkörpern oder aus Kohlenstoff- und Graphit-Pilz oder -Vlies. Für eine hohe Belastbarkeit der Elemente sowie ein gleichmäßiges und schonendes Erhitzen des strömenden Mediums sind insbesondere die Breite des Porenspektrums' und die Verteilung der Poren von Wichtigkeit. Die bekannten Sinterkörper und Graphitkörper weisen im allgemeinen herstellungsbedingt ein verhältnismäßig breites Porenspektrum auf, wodurch insbesondere in Poren mit kleinemThe known resistance heating elements consist of a 2: 0 porous sintered metal, carbon and graphite bodies or made of carbon and graphite mushrooms or fleece. For a high load capacity of the elements as well Uniform and gentle heating of the flowing medium is particularly the breadth of the pore spectrum ' and the distribution of the pores is important. The known Sintered bodies and graphite bodies generally have a relatively wide range of pores due to the manufacturing process on, making especially in pores with small
PA 73/19 Dr.We/häu - 2 - .PA 73/19 Dr.We / häu - 2 -.
509826/0238509826/0238
_ 2 —_ 2 -
Durchmesser und entsprechend langer Verweilzeit Überhitzungen des.strömenden Mediums nicht ausgeschlossen werden können und das Aufheizen thermisch labiler Stoffe, wie z.B. Kohlenwasserstoffe, erheblich erschwert oder gar unmöglich gemacht wird. Die Verwendbarkeit der bekannten Heizelemente wird darüber hinaus durch unzureichende Beständigkeit gegen oxidierende Medien, durch Korrosionsangriff und begrenzte thermische Stabilität in unerwünschtem Maße eingeschränkt.Diameter and correspondingly long dwell time overheating of the flowing medium cannot be excluded and the heating of thermally unstable substances, such as hydrocarbons, is made considerably more difficult or even impossible. The usability of the known In addition, heating elements are characterized by insufficient resistance to oxidizing media Corrosion attack and limited thermal stability restricted to an undesirable extent.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das für ein gleichmäßiges Erhitzen des Mediums nachteilige breite Porenspektrum poröser Heizelemente zu vermeiden und die Beständigkeit der Heizelemente gegen oxidierende und korrosive Medien insbesondere bei hohen Temperaturen zu verbessern.The invention is based on the object that for a Uniform heating of the medium to avoid the disadvantageous wide range of pores of porous heating elements and the Resistance of the heating elements to oxidizing and corrosive media, especially at high temperatures to improve.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Vorrichtung und Heizelementen der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, die aus mit Schlitzen versehenen Sinterkörpern aus Siliciumcarbid bestehen. The object is achieved according to the invention with a device and heating elements of the type mentioned above, which consist of slotted silicon carbide sintered bodies.
Die als Heizelemente verwendeten Körper aus Siliciumcarbid sind für Flüssigkeiten und Gase undurchlässig, so daß das aufzuheizende Medium ausschließlich die eingeformten Schlitze durchströmt. In allen Schlitzen sind Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Verweilzeit gleich groß und- ebenso die pro Schlitz auf das Medium übertragene Wärmemenge. Die Breite der Schlitze wird zweckmäßig der Fließcharakteristik des jeweiligen Mediums angepaßt, d.h., für zähe Medien, Emulsionen und Suspensionen werden vorteilhaft Heizelemente mit breiteren Schlitzen verwendet. Um eine gleichmäßige Anströmung des. oder der Heizelemente zu erreichen, ist es zweckmäßig, die Heiz-.The silicon carbide bodies used as heating elements are impermeable to liquids and gases, so that the medium to be heated only flows through the molded slots. In all slots are Flow velocity and dwell time are the same and also the amount of heat transferred to the medium per slot. The width of the slots becomes appropriate adapted to the flow characteristics of the respective medium, i.e. for viscous media, emulsions and suspensions Advantageously, heating elements with wider slots are used. In order to achieve a uniform flow of the. Or the To achieve heating elements, it is convenient to use the heating.
PA 73/19 Dr.We/häu ' - 3 -PA 73/19 Dr.We / häu '- 3 -
509826/0238509826/0238
• j·• j
elemente quer zur Strömungsrichtung des Mediums anzuordnen, die Anströmfläche größer als· die Querschnittsfläche des Zuleitungsrohrs auszubilden und den Querschnitt des Zuleitungsrohrs trichterförmig auf den Querschnitt der Heizelemente zu verbreitern. 'to arrange elements transversely to the direction of flow of the medium, to make the inflow area larger than the cross-sectional area of the supply pipe and the cross-section of the supply pipe to widen the shape of a funnel to the cross-section of the heating elements. '
Die in bekannter Weise durch Formen eines aus Siliciumcarbidpulver und eines Bindemittels, wie z.B. Dextrose, bestehenden Gemischs und anschließendem Erhitzen der Formlinge in einer Silicium-Dampf enthaltenden Atmosphäre hergestellten Heizelemente sind gegen oxidierende und korrodierende Stoffe weitgehend beständig und können beispielsweise zum Aufheizen von Luft oder Wasserdampf verwendet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil von Siliciumcarbidelementen ist die verhältnismäßig geringfügige Abhängigkeit des in weiten Grenzen variierbaren elektrischen Widerstands von der Temperatur.In a known manner by molding one from silicon carbide powder and a binder such as dextrose, the existing mixture and then heating the Moldings in an atmosphere containing silicon vapor Manufactured heating elements are largely resistant to oxidizing and corrosive substances and can for example to heat air or steam be used. Another advantage of silicon carbide elements is that they are relatively minor Dependence of the electrical resistance, which can be varied within wide limits, on the temperature.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird anhand der Figur im einzelnen erläutert. Das einteilige Heizelement 1 ist in dem Gehäuse 2 angeordnet und gegen das Gehäuse elektrisch isoliert. Als Isoliermitte,! sind beispielsweise Glasfasergewebe, Glimmer oder Steatit geeignet. Die Stromseile 3 sind durch Klemmverbindungen 4 mit dem Heizelement.leitend verbunden. Das aufzuheizende Medium strömt vom Rohr 5 über den trichterförmigen Teil des Gehäuses 2 durch die Schlitze des Heizelements und fließt dann.frei in einen zeichnerisch nicht dargestellten Vorratsbehälter. Für höhere Leistungen ist es zweckmäßig, mehrere Elemente in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander anzuordnen und die Elemente gegeneinander durch poröse keramische Flächengebilde, wie z.B. Glasfasergeweben, zu isolieren, wodurch gleichzeitig eine zusätzliche, den Wärmeübergang verbessernde Turbulenz erzeugt wird.The device according to the invention is based on the figure explained in detail. The one-piece heating element 1 is arranged in the housing 2 and against the housing electrically isolated. As an insulating medium! For example, glass fiber fabric, mica or steatite are suitable. The power cables 3 are connected by clamping connections 4 conductively connected to the heating element. The one to be heated up Medium flows from tube 5 over the funnel-shaped part of the housing 2 through the slots of the heating element and then flows into a not graphically shown Storage container. For higher performance it is advisable to have several elements one behind the other in the direction of flow to be arranged and the elements against each other by means of porous ceramic fabrics, such as fiberglass fabrics, to insulate, which at the same time creates an additional turbulence that improves the heat transfer.
PA 73/19 Dr.We/häu _ 4 -PA 73/19 Dr.We / häu _ 4 -
509826/0238509826/0238
Der spezifische elektrische Widerstand des zeichnerisch dargestellten Elements betrugThe specific electrical resistance of the drawing item represented
11 500 JZ- mm2/m 11 000 " 10 800 »11 500 JZ- mm 2 / m 11 000 "10 800»
10 900 »«■10 900 »« ■
11 000 " 10 800 "11,000 "10,800"
Figurfigure
PatentansprücheClaims
PA 73/19 Dir.We/hau -PA 73/19 Sub. We / hau -
509826/0238509826/0238
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2364654A DE2364654A1 (en) | 1973-12-24 | 1973-12-24 | Heating device for liquids and gases - has number of heating elements through which fluid flows in housing with appropriate branches |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2364654A DE2364654A1 (en) | 1973-12-24 | 1973-12-24 | Heating device for liquids and gases - has number of heating elements through which fluid flows in housing with appropriate branches |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2364654A1 true DE2364654A1 (en) | 1975-06-26 |
Family
ID=5902017
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2364654A Pending DE2364654A1 (en) | 1973-12-24 | 1973-12-24 | Heating device for liquids and gases - has number of heating elements through which fluid flows in housing with appropriate branches |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2364654A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0102409A1 (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-03-14 | FAG KUGELFISCHER GEORG SCHÄFER Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Method and device to check the boiling point of hygroscopic liquids |
| US4982068A (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1991-01-01 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Fluid permeable porous electric heating element |
| EP1933597A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-18 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical heater or supplementary heater, in particular for a heating or air conditioning assembly of a vehicle |
| EP1933598A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-18 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical heater or supplementary heater, in particular for a heating or air conditioning assembly of a vehicle |
-
1973
- 1973-12-24 DE DE2364654A patent/DE2364654A1/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4982068A (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1991-01-01 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Fluid permeable porous electric heating element |
| EP0102409A1 (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-03-14 | FAG KUGELFISCHER GEORG SCHÄFER Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Method and device to check the boiling point of hygroscopic liquids |
| EP1933597A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-18 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical heater or supplementary heater, in particular for a heating or air conditioning assembly of a vehicle |
| EP1933598A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-18 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical heater or supplementary heater, in particular for a heating or air conditioning assembly of a vehicle |
| WO2008071349A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-19 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric heater or auxiliary heater, especially for a heating or air-conditioning system of a motor vehicle |
| WO2008071348A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-19 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric heater or auxiliary heater, especially for a heating or air-conditioning system of a motor vehicle |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OHJ | Non-payment of the annual fee |