DE2261523A1 - CONDUCTIVE CERAMICS WITH INCREASED POROSITY AND THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION - Google Patents
CONDUCTIVE CERAMICS WITH INCREASED POROSITY AND THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTIONInfo
- Publication number
- DE2261523A1 DE2261523A1 DE19722261523 DE2261523A DE2261523A1 DE 2261523 A1 DE2261523 A1 DE 2261523A1 DE 19722261523 DE19722261523 DE 19722261523 DE 2261523 A DE2261523 A DE 2261523A DE 2261523 A1 DE2261523 A1 DE 2261523A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- metal
- disilicide
- diboride
- fine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
- C04B35/58071—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides based on titanium borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
- C04B35/58078—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides based on zirconium or hafnium borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
Leitende Keramik mit erhöhter Porosität und Verfahren zuConductive ceramic with increased porosity and process too
ihrer Herstellungtheir manufacture
Die Erfindung betrifft leitende Keramiken mit starker bzw. erhöhter Porosität und hat auch ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung zum Gegenstand.The invention relates to conductive ceramics with high or increased porosity and also has a method for their manufacture to the subject.
Bekannt ist, daß auf zahlreichen Gebieten der Technik wie der Gießerei, wo flüssige Metalle in Zirkulation versetzt oder behandelt wfecden, die mit dem flüssigen Metall in Kontakt kommenden Wandungen, der Vorrichtungen im allgemeinen aus einem keramischen Material hergestellt sind, das die folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist:It is known that in numerous areas of technology such as foundry, where liquid metals are put into circulation or treated wfecden that with the liquid metal in Contact coming walls, the devices are generally made of a ceramic material that the has the following properties:
- zunächst muß die Keramik passiv sein, d. h. sie darf mit dem flüssigen Metall nicht reagieren,- First of all, the ceramic must be passive, d. H. she may do not react with the liquid metal,
- darüber hinaus muß diese Keramik in der Lage sein, erhebliche Thermoschocks auszuhalten; sie muß also- In addition, this ceramic must be able to withstand significant thermal shocks; so she must
,. porös sein,,. be porous,
- 2 -309826/1070- 2 -309826/1070
- schließlich muß sie sich nur unter schwierigen Umständen oxydieren lassen.- after all, it only needs to be oxidized under difficult circumstances.
Es soll versucht werden, Keramiken mit den oben genannten Eigenschaften sowie mit der Fäh^ceit, leicht elektrischen ^trom an das schmelzflüssige Metall zu übertragen, herzustellen, was voraussetzt;Attempts should be made to produce ceramics with the above-mentioned properties and with the ability to be slightly electrical ^ to transmit electricity to the molten metal, to produce, what presupposes;
- ziemlich geringen spezifischen Widerstand der Keramik,- quite low specific resistance of the ceramic,
- günstige Benetzung zwischen der Keramik und dem flüssigen Metall.- favorable wetting between the ceramic and the liquid metal.
Hierzu geht die Erfindung aus von einem Verfahren, das es gestattet, leitende Keramiken mit erhöhter Porosität mit den oben genannten Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Das Verfahren zeichnet im wesentlichen durch die folgenden Schritte aus:To this end, the invention is based on a method that allows conductive ceramics with increased porosity to be used to obtain the above properties. The process is essentially characterized by the following steps the end:
- Herstellung eines Gemisches feinen Pulvers aus dem Diborid eines Metalls der Gruppen Va, Via, IVa des periodischen Systems der Elemente mit einem gewissen prozentualen Anteil feinen Pulvers aus Disilicid eines Metalls der Gruppe IVa, Va, VIa des periodischen Systems der Elemente,- Preparation of a mixture of fine powder from the diboride of a metal of groups Va, Via, IVa des periodic table of the elements with a certain percentage of fine powder of disilicide a Metal of group IVa, Va, VIa of the periodic table of elements,
- Zusatz einer gewissen Menge an Körnern zu diesem Gemisch, die durch Grobzerkleinerung nach Sintern unter erhöhtem Druck und bei stark erhöhter Temperatur zwischen 16000C bis 20000C aus einem Gemisch feinen Diboridpulvers und einem gewissen Anteil an Disilicid eines Metalls der Gruppen IVa, Va, VIa des periodischen Systems der Elemente erhalten wurden,- Addition of a certain amount of grains to this mixture, which by coarse crushing after sintering under increased pressure and at a greatly increased temperature between 1600 0 C to 2000 0 C from a mixture of fine diboride powder and a certain proportion of disilicide of a metal of groups IVa, Va , VIa of the periodic table of elements were obtained,
- Kneten dieses Gemisches mit 1 bis 6 # fluorid- Knead this mixture with 1 to 6 # fluoride
_ 3 ^ 309826/ 1070 _ 3 ^ 309826/1070
— eines Metalls der Gruppen IA, IB des Perioden-Systems,- a metal of groups IA, IB of the periodic table,
- Vibrieren des Gemisches in einer Form während eines kurzen Zeitraums,Vibrating the mixture in a mold during one short period,
— Sintern des Gemisches indem es "bei einer Temperatur in der Größenordnung von 10000C bis 15000G während ein bis mehreren Stunden in einer inerten Gas atmosphäre wie ζ. Β. Argon gehalten wird,- Sintering the mixture by "keeping it at a temperature in the order of magnitude of 1000 0 C to 1500 0 G for one to several hours in an inert gas atmosphere such as ζ. Β. Argon,
- Kühlung des Gemisches.- cooling the mixture.
Es ist interessant, einen gewissen Anteil ( 0 bis 25 %) an Metalldisilicid mit Metalldiborid zu vermischen, da das erhaltene Gemisch bei einer Temperatur oxydiert, die erheblich oberhalb derjenigen liegt, wo das Metalldiborid allein zu oxydieren beginnt.It is interesting to take a certain percentage (0 to 25%) To mix metal disilicide with metal diboride, since the mixture obtained oxidizes at a temperature which is considerably is above that where the metal diboride alone begins to oxidize.
Setzt man dem feinen Pulvergemisch aus Metalldisilicid und -diborid grob zerkleinerte Körner von einer Zusammensetzung ähnlich der der Pulver zu ( Anteil der Körner im Endgemisch bei etwa 20 bis 80 $), so vermindert man den spezifischen Widerstand der erhaltenen Keramik.If you put the fine powder mixture of metal disilicide and -diboride coarsely crushed grains of a composition similar to that of the powder too (proportion of the grains in the final mixture at about 20 to 80 $), so one reduces the specific Resistance of the ceramic obtained.
Beim Diborid kann es sich beispielsweise um Titan-, Zirkonium-j Hafnium- oder Wolframdiborid handeln. Beim Diäilicid kann es sich um ein Disilicid des gleichen Metalls oderThe diboride can be, for example, titanium, zirconium Act hafnium or tungsten diboride. In the case of diealide it can be a disilicide of the same metal or
eines von dem des Diborid -unterschiedlichen Metalls handeln.be a metal different from that of the diboride.
Das Gemisch aus Pulvern und Körnern wird mit 1 bis 6 fo eines ITuorids geknetet, dann über eine kurze Zeitdauer in einer Porm zum Vibrieren gebracht.The mixture of powders and grains is kneaded with 1 to 6 fo of an fluoride, then made to vibrate in a porm for a short period of time.
Das ELuorion wirkt im warmen Zustand auf die Pulver und Körner der Diboride und Disilicide, wenn auch das Sintern bei niedrigem rer Temperatur als üblich vor sich gehen kann, ohne daß esThe ELuorion acts on the powder and grains when they are warm the Diboride and Disilicide, albeit sintering at low r temperature than usual can go on without it
309826/107 0 . . . "4"309826/107 0. . . " 4 "
im übrigen notwendig würde, unter Druck zu Sintern. Bas Sintern wird unter einer Inertgasatmosphäre vorgenommen. Um den Bruch der Keramik während des Kühlens zu vermeiden, ist der untere Teil der Form entweder mit einem Graphitfilz oder einer Folie aus Graphitkarton oder Graphitpappe ausgestattet, die im Handel unter dem Namen PAPYEX verkauft wird. In der erhaltenen Keramik findet man kein Fluorid mehr.otherwise it would be necessary to sinter under pressure. Bas Sintering is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere. To avoid breaking the ceramic during cooling, is the lower part of the mold either with a graphite felt or a sheet of graphite cardboard or Graphite board, which is sold commercially under the name PAPYEX. In the preserved pottery takes place no more fluoride.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung ohne sie zu begrenzen.The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.
Verwendet wurde ein Gemisch aus feinen Pulvern ( jede Partikel hat etliche xl Durchmesser ) mit 85 Ί» Titandiborid und 15 # Titandisilicid. Dieses Gemisch oxydiert bei 125O0C gegen.über 6000C für Titandiborid.A mixture of fine powders (each particle has several xl diameter) with 85 Ί » titanium diboride and 15 # titanium disilicide was used. This mixture oxidizes at 125O 0 C compared to 600 0 C for titanium diboride.
60 $> dieses Pulvergemisches wurde unter Druck und bei sehr hoher Temperatur von 1800 C gesintert, derart, daß ein sehr dichtes Produkt bei einer Porosität von fast 0 erhalten wurde. Unterwirft man dieses Produkt einer Grobzerkleinerung, so erhält man Körner von etlichen mm Durchmesser, die den verbleibenden 40 # des Gemisches aus feinen Pulvern zugesetzt wurden.60 $> This powder mixture was sintered under pressure and at a very high temperature of 1800 C, such that a very dense product was obtained with a porosity of almost 0th If this product is subjected to a coarse comminution, grains of several mm in diameter are obtained, which were added to the remaining 40 # of the mixture of fine powders.
Dann wird dieses Gemisch mit 3 % Lithiumfluorid verknetet und dann in einer Form zum Vibrieren gebracht.Then this mixture is kneaded with 3% lithium fluoride and then vibrated in a mold.
Das durch Sintern erhaltene Gemisch hat eine Porosität von mehr als 40 #, was in beachtlicher Weise die BeständigkeitThe mixture obtained by sintering has a porosity of more than 40 #, which in a remarkable way is the consistency
- 5 -309826/1070- 5 -309826/1070
gegen Wärmeschocks verbessert. Hierzu werden die Graphitform und das Gemisch auf 135O°i
Argonatmosphäre gebracht.improved against thermal shocks. For this purpose, the graphite shape and the mixture are adjusted to 135O ° i
Brought argon atmosphere.
und das Gemisch auf 135O°C während 2 Stunden unter einerand the mixture at 135O ° C for 2 hours under one
Die durch dieses Verfahren erhaltenen Keramiken aus litandiborid und - disilicid sind gute Leiter für die Elektrizität, bleiben in Anwesenheit von flüssigem Metall passiv und ermöglichen eine günstige Benetzung, weisen eine große Beständigkeit gegen Wärmeschocks auf und beginnen erst bei hoher !Temperatur zu oxydieren.The litandiboride ceramics obtained by this process and - disilicid are good conductors of electricity, remain passive in the presence of liquid metal and enable favorable wetting, have a high resistance to thermal shocks and only start at high! temperature to oxidize.
Eine andere Probe wurde nach dem gleichen Verfahren mit Hafniumdiborid und Lithiumfluorid hergestellt. Da Hafniumdiborid bei hoher Temperatur oxydiert, war es nicht notwendig, dem Hafniumdiboridpulver ein Disilicid zuzusetzen.Another sample was made by the same procedure with hafnium diboride and lithium fluoride. Since hafnium diboride oxidized at high temperature, it was not necessary to add a disilicide to the hafnium diboride powder.
Es wurden 65 # grober Hafniumdiboridkörner, die unter Druck bei 20000O gesintert waren, mit 35 # feinen Pulvers aus eben diesem Körper vermischt.There were 65 # gross Hafniumdiboridkörner that were sintered under pressure at 2000 0 O, mixed with 35 # fine powder of this same body.
Anschließend wurden 96 % dieses Gemisches mit 4- # Lithiumfluorid vermischt; dann wurde dieses Gemisch in einer Graphitform in Schwingungen versetzt.Then 96% of this mixture was made with 4- # lithium fluoride mixed; then this mixture was vibrated in a graphite mold.
Dieses wurde unter einer Argonatmosphäre bei 10000C eine Stunde lang erwärmt, unmittelbar anschließend 2 Stunden lang auf 155O0C gehalten.This was heated under an argon atmosphere at 1000 0 C for one hour, immediately thereafter maintained at 155o 0 C for 2 hours.
Die nach diesem Verfahren erhaltene HafniumdiboridkeramikThe hafnium diboride ceramic obtained by this process
- 6 309826/1070 - 6 309826/1070
hatte eine Porosität von 30 bis 35 % entsprechend den Proben sowie eine günstige mechanische Festigkeit.had a porosity of 30 to 35 % according to the samples and a favorable mechanical strength.
Obwohl das gerade beschriebene Verfahren am vorteilhaftesten zur Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahme erscheint, sind doch zahlreiche Modifikationen im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich; gewisse Operationen können durch andere ersetzt werden, die in der Lage sind, die gleiche technische funktion oder eine äquivalente technische Funktion zu erfüllen.Although the method just described appears to be the most advantageous for carrying out the measure according to the invention, are numerous modifications within the scope of the invention possible; certain operations can be replaced by others capable of performing the same technical function or to fulfill an equivalent technical function.
Die Verwendung leitender Keramik bei starker Porosität ist besonders interessant in den Flüssigmetallpumpen, in Elektrolysevorrichtungen, insbesondere zur Herstellung der Elektroden oder auch zur leichten Herstellung der Leitungs&emente für die direkte Beheizung durch JOULE-Effekt.The use of conductive ceramics with high porosity is particularly interesting in liquid metal pumps, in electrolysis devices, in particular for the production of the electrodes or also for the easy production of the conduit elements for direct heating through the JOULE effect.
PATENTANSPRÜCHE;PATENT CLAIMS;
309826/107 0309826/107 0
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7146212A FR2186960A5 (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1971-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2261523A1 true DE2261523A1 (en) | 1973-06-28 |
Family
ID=9087904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19722261523 Ceased DE2261523A1 (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1972-12-15 | CONDUCTIVE CERAMICS WITH INCREASED POROSITY AND THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (3) | JPS4870904A (en) |
AU (1) | AU466721B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1023139A (en) |
CH (1) | CH574374A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2261523A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2186960A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1414178A (en) |
IT (1) | IT972582B (en) |
NO (1) | NO133193C (en) |
SE (1) | SE375754B (en) |
SU (2) | SU571180A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2262437B1 (en) * | 1974-02-21 | 1983-06-24 | Activite Atom Avance | |
JPS59184611U (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-08 | 日立工機株式会社 | Electric cutter dust suction device |
JPS6342801A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-02-24 | 日立工機株式会社 | Portable dust-collecting circular saw |
-
1971
- 1971-12-22 FR FR7146212A patent/FR2186960A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-12-15 DE DE19722261523 patent/DE2261523A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1972-12-15 CH CH1827572A patent/CH574374A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-20 AU AU50301/72A patent/AU466721B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 NO NO469872A patent/NO133193C/no unknown
- 1972-12-20 IT IT3319172A patent/IT972582B/en active
- 1972-12-21 SE SE1684572A patent/SE375754B/xx unknown
- 1972-12-21 CA CA159,627A patent/CA1023139A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 GB GB5925872A patent/GB1414178A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 JP JP12917172A patent/JPS4870904A/ja active Pending
- 1972-12-22 JP JP12917272A patent/JPS5542583B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 SU SU7201872555A patent/SU571180A3/en active
- 1972-12-22 JP JP12917372A patent/JPS5549032B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-04-25 SU SU742019074A patent/SU674664A3/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SU674664A3 (en) | 1979-07-15 |
SE375754B (en) | 1975-04-28 |
SU571180A3 (en) | 1977-08-30 |
CH574374A5 (en) | 1976-04-15 |
FR2186960A5 (en) | 1974-01-11 |
NO133193C (en) | 1976-03-24 |
AU5030172A (en) | 1974-06-20 |
JPS4870905A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
JPS4870904A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
NO133193B (en) | 1975-12-15 |
JPS5549032B2 (en) | 1980-12-09 |
JPS5542583B2 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
IT972582B (en) | 1974-05-31 |
JPS4870894A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
AU466721B2 (en) | 1974-06-20 |
GB1414178A (en) | 1975-11-19 |
CA1023139A (en) | 1977-12-27 |
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