DE19728653A1 - Method to detect surface vibrations of bodies for evaluating quality - Google Patents

Method to detect surface vibrations of bodies for evaluating quality

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Publication number
DE19728653A1
DE19728653A1 DE19728653A DE19728653A DE19728653A1 DE 19728653 A1 DE19728653 A1 DE 19728653A1 DE 19728653 A DE19728653 A DE 19728653A DE 19728653 A DE19728653 A DE 19728653A DE 19728653 A1 DE19728653 A1 DE 19728653A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
detection
vibrations
radiation
receiver
machines
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19728653A
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German (de)
Inventor
Siegfried Hillenbrand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Micas Elektronik U Co KG GmbH
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Micas Elektronik U Co KG GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Micas Elektronik U Co KG GmbH filed Critical Micas Elektronik U Co KG GmbH
Priority to DE19728653A priority Critical patent/DE19728653A1/en
Publication of DE19728653A1 publication Critical patent/DE19728653A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0957—Detection of tool breakage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • B23Q17/248—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves subjecting the surface under investigation to electromagnetic radiation. The reflected radiation is detected using a receiver and then measuring and analyzing it. A continuous wave Doppler radar module may be used to generate the transmitted electromagnetic radiation and to receive the reflected radiation. The module may be a microwave radiation source and receiver operating in the wavelength range from a few centimetres to a few millimetres.

Description

Oberflächenschwingungen oder -wellen haben bekanntlich eine weitreichende Aussagekraft über Qualitätsmerkmale von Gegenständen und Maschinen und werden deshalb schon lange und in zunehmendem Maße zur Untersuchung und fertigungstechnischen Qualitätssicherung analysiert. Zum einen geben Oberflächenschwingungen von bewegten Teilen Aufschluß über den Bewegungszustand, insbesondere über fehlerhafte Bewegungen z. B. infolge einer Unwucht. Zum anderen werden feste Gegenstände künstlich durch Anschlagen oder durch aufgebrachte Piezo-Schwingungsgeber in Schwingung versetzt, um dann durch die Analyse dieser Schwingungen Diskontinuitäten im Werkstoff, z. B. Lunker in Gußstücken, festzustellen.As is well known, surface vibrations or waves have one far-reaching meaningfulness about quality characteristics of Objects and machines and therefore have long been and increasingly for investigation and manufacturing quality assurance analyzed. To the one give surface vibrations of moving parts Information about the state of motion, especially about incorrect movements z. B. due to an imbalance. To the others become solid objects by striking them or vibrated by applied piezo vibration transducers offset, then by analyzing these vibrations Discontinuities in the material, e.g. B. Blowholes in castings, ascertain.

Diese mechanischen Oberflächenschwingungen werden in der Regel auf die umgebende Luft übertragen und können dann wie ganz normale Schallwellen, was auch Infra- und Ultraschall bedeuten kann, ausgewertet. Die Luft als Zwischenmedium und die dabei verwendeten Mikrophone haben jedoch vielfältige Nachteile, insbesondere die der Verzerrung, der Dämpfung und der Filterung der dynamischen Information. These mechanical surface vibrations are in the Usually transferred to the surrounding air and then how completely normal sound waves, which also includes infrared and ultrasound can mean evaluated. The air as an intermediate medium and however, the microphones used have many Disadvantages, particularly those of distortion, damping and filtering dynamic information.  

Eine andere Möglichkeit der Analyse von Oberflächenschwingungen besteht in der Verwendung von aktiven (piezoelektrischen) oder passiven (piezoresistiven) Strukturen, die direkt und fest mit der zu untersuchenden Oberfläche verbunden sind. Die Aufbringung dieser Piezogeber ist jedoch problematisch und eigentlich nur im Vakuum mittels Dünnschichttechnik sauber zu lösen. Für die fertigungstechnische Überwachung oder für Kontrollzwecke ist dies ein umständliches Verfahren.Another way of analyzing Surface vibrations consist in the use of active ones (piezoelectric) or passive (piezoresistive) Structures that are directly and firmly with the one to be examined Surface are connected. The application of these piezo sensors is problematic and actually only in a vacuum Solving thin-film technology cleanly. For the production monitoring or for control purposes this is a cumbersome process.

Schließlich ist es für Laborzwecke bekannt, Oberflächenschwingungen mittels der interferometrischen Holographie zu analysieren. Dieser Verfahren kann auch zur Erfassung schneller Vorgänge mit stroboskopischen Verfahren variiert werden.After all, it is known for laboratory purposes Interferometric surface vibrations Analyze holography. This procedure can also be used Detection of fast processes with stroboscopic procedures can be varied.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfaches und hoch genaues Verfahren zur Erfassung und Analyse von Oberflächenschwingungen vorzuschlagen.The invention has for its object a simple and highly accurate method for recording and analyzing Propose surface vibrations.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das im Patentanspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Verfahren elegant gelöst. Dabei wird ein Doppler-Radar-Sensor eingesetzt. Dieser enthält einen Mikrowellenstrahler und einen Mikrowellenempfänger, die in einem Wellenlängenbereich von einigen Zentimetern bis wenigen Millimetern arbeiten können. Der Strahler wird auf die zu untersuchende Oberfläche gerichtet und je nach dem gewählten Abstand kann jede fast beliebig große Fläche, ausgehend von wenigen Quadratmillimetern, ausgeleuchtet werden. Die von dem schwingenden oder vibrierenden Oberflächengebiet reflektierte elektromagnetische Strahlung enthält auch den Transversalanteil, der davon abhängt, ob die Reflexionsfläche sich zum Empfänger hin oder von diesem weg bewegt. Schwingungsamplituden von 1 µm werden erkannt. Komplexe Schwingungsmuster können bezüglich ihrer Frequenzen analysiert werden. Bei erforderlicher Ortsauflösung muß der Sensor oder der Prüfling bewegt werden.This object is achieved by the im Claim 1 characterized method elegantly solved. A Doppler radar sensor is used for this. This contains a microwave radiator and one Microwave receivers operating in a wavelength range of a few centimeters to a few millimeters. The heater is placed on the surface to be examined directed and depending on the distance chosen, almost everyone can any size, starting from a few Square millimeters to be illuminated. The one from that vibrating or vibrating surface area reflected electromagnetic radiation also contains the Transversal portion that depends on whether the reflective surface moves towards or away from the recipient. Vibration amplitudes of 1 µm are recognized. Complexes Vibration patterns can be related to their frequencies  to be analyzed. If spatial resolution is required, the Sensor or the DUT are moved.

Mit dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren können Oberflächenschwingungen erkannt werden, die mittels Mikrophonie nicht aufzuspüren sind.With the proposed method you can Surface vibrations can be detected using There is no trace of microphony.

Das Verfahren ist außerordentlich vielfältig anwendbar. Ein erster Anwendungsbereich ist das Erkennen und Erfassen gefährlicher und störender Schwingungen. Diese Oberflächenschwingungen können unmittelbar an rotierenden oder hin- und hergehenden Teilen von Maschinen und Instrumenten gemessen werden, wodurch es möglich ist, Unwuchten, Exzentrizitäten oder sonstige Störungen zu erkennen. In Betracht kommen z. B. schnell drehende Wellen von Motoren oder Maschinen, z. B. Rotoren in Openend-Spinn­ maschinen, die auf genaue Drehzahl, Faserrückstände im Rotor oder Änderungen eingegebener Parameter überwacht werden. Uhren mit mechanisch bewegten Teilen lassen sich auf ihre Laufruhe prüfen. Oberflächenschwingungen an langsam laufenden, hoch belasteten Schiffsmotoren lassen auf Lagerschäden schließen. Dabei können fällige Reparaturen schon in einem sehr frühen Stadium erkannt werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, mit der gleichen Zielrichtung die Maschinengehäuse zu überwachen, um auf diese Weise Störungen der bewegten Teil in der Maschine zu erkennen.The method is extremely versatile. A The first area of application is recognition and detection dangerous and disturbing vibrations. This Surface vibrations can be rotating directly or reciprocating parts of machines and Instruments are measured, making it possible Unbalance, eccentricities or other faults detect. Consider z. B. fast rotating shafts of engines or machines, e.g. B. rotors in open-end spinning machines that work on precise speed, fiber residues in the Monitor rotor or changes of entered parameters become. Clocks with mechanically moving parts can be opened check their smoothness. Surface vibrations on slowly running, heavily loaded ship engines leave Close bearing damage. Repairs that are due can be made can be recognized at a very early stage. It is but also possible with the same goal Monitor machine housings to prevent malfunctions detect the moving part in the machine.

Gefährliche Oberflächenschwingungen können auch an Gebäudeteilen, z. B. großen Glasflächen, an Gebäudefundamenten, Brücken oder sonstigen Bauwerken festgestellt werden, die ihre Ursache im Fahrzeugverkehr, Sturm, Wasserbewegungen, Erdbeben und Explosionen haben. Auch diese Untersuchungen dienen gewöhnlich der vorbeugenden Schadenserkennung. Dangerous surface vibrations can also occur Building parts, e.g. B. large glass surfaces Building foundations, bridges or other structures are determined, which is their cause in vehicle traffic, Storm, water movements, earthquakes and explosions. Also these examinations are usually for preventive purposes Damage detection.  

Bei Leitungen und Behältern für gasförmige oder flüssige Medien treten aufgrund eines Lecks stets Oberflächenschwingungen auf, so daß solche Störungen sehr früh erkannt und große Schäden vermieden werden. Ähnliche Erfolge lassen sich bei der Überwachung von Oberflächenschwingungen an Werkzeugen im Betrieb erzielen. Dabei läßt sich der bevorstehende Bruch eines Bohrers in einer Werkzeugmaschine oder einer Nadel in einer Textilmaschine zu einem so frühen Zeitpunkt erkennen, daß auch hier Folgeschäden vermieden werden können.For pipes and containers for gaseous or liquid Media always kick due to a leak Surface vibrations on, so that such disturbances very much recognized early and major damage avoided. Similar Successes can be seen in the monitoring of Achieve surface vibrations on tools in operation. The upcoming breakage of a drill can be done in a machine tool or a needle in one Textile machine at such an early stage that consequential damage can also be avoided here.

Ein weiteres großem Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung ist die Erfassung und Analyse normaler betriebsbedingter Oberflächenschwingungen und so z. B. die Schwingungen von Rohren und Kanälen zum Zweck der Durchflußmengenmessung. Und bei akustischen Geräten, nämlich Musikinstrumenten oder Lautsprechern, kann die Analyse zur Optimierung des Schwingers herangezogen werden.Another large field of application of the invention is Collection and analysis of normal operational Surface vibrations and so z. B. the vibrations of Pipes and channels for the purpose of flow measurement. And in acoustic devices, namely musical instruments or Speakers, analysis can optimize the transducer be used.

Schließlich ist an das weite Anwendungsfeld der gewollt angeregten Oberflächenschwingungen zu denken, um auf diese Weise Werkstoffprüfungen an Bauwerken, Maschinen, Gußstücken, großen Glasflächen und dergleichen vorzunehmen. Dabei ist es möglich, Diskontinuitäten jeder Art, nämlich Risse, Einschlüsse usw. im Werkstoff festzustellen oder aufgrund von Formfehlern auftretende unzulässige Eigenresonanzen festzustellen. In diesen Zusammenhang gehört auch ein sekundäres Meßverfahren für den Füllstand oder den Innendruck von Behältern für Schüttgüter oder flüssige oder gasförmige Medien. Intern oder extern angeregte Oberflächenschwingungen hängen nämlich von diesen Zustandsgrößen ab.After all, the broad field of application is wanted excited surface vibrations to think about this Way material tests on structures, machines, castings, large glass surfaces and the like. It is possible discontinuities of any kind, namely cracks, Inclusions etc. in the material or due to Inadmissible natural resonances occurring due to form errors ascertain. In this context also belongs secondary measuring method for the level or the internal pressure of containers for bulk goods or liquid or gaseous Media. Internally or externally excited surface vibrations namely depend on these state variables.

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Oberflächenschwingungen von Körpern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu untersuchende Oberfläche mit einer elektromagnetischen Strahlung ausgeleuchtet wird und daß die reflektierte Strahlung von einem Empfänger erfaßt und dann gemessen und analysiert wird.1. A method for determining the surface vibrations of bodies, characterized in that the surface to be examined is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation and that the reflected radiation is detected by a receiver and then measured and analyzed. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein CW-Doppler-Radar-Mudul zur Erzeugung der ausgesandten und zum Empfang der reflektierten Strahlung vorgesehen ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a CW Doppler radar module for generating the transmitted and for Reception of the reflected radiation is provided. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modul ein Mikrowellenstrahler und -empfänger ist.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the Module is a microwave radiator and receiver. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Mikrowellenstrahlung im Wellenlängenbereich von einigen Zentimetern bis wenigen Millimetern eingesetzt wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a microwave radiation in the wavelength range of a few Centimeters to a few millimeters is used. 5. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4,
  • 5.1. zur Erkennung und Erfassung gefährlicher und störender Schwingungen
    • 5.1.1. an rotierenden oder hin- und hergehenden Teilen von Maschinen und Instrumenten, aufgrund von Unwuchten, Exzentrizitäten oder sonstigen Störungen,
    • 5.1.2. an Maschinengehäusen oder dergleichen zur Störungsüberwachung oder präventiven Schadensfeststellung
    • 5.1.3. an Gebäudeteilen, Glasflächen, Brücken oder sonstigen Bauwerken aufgrund von Fahrzeugverkehr, Sturm, Wasserbewegungen, Erdbeben und Explosionen,
    • 5.1.4. an Leitern und Behältern für gas­ förmige oder flüssige Medien aufgrund von Lecks,
    • 5.1.5. an Werkzeugen zur vorbeugenden Brucher­ kennung,
  • 5.2. zur Erfassung betriebsbedingter Schwingungen von Rohren und Kanälen zum Zweck der Durchfluß­ messung,
  • 5.3. zur Erfassung von Schwingungen an Musik­ instrumenten und Lautsprechern zum Zweck der Optimierung des Schwingers,
  • 5.4. zur Erfassung gewollt angeregter Schwingungen an Bauwerken, Maschinen, Gußstücken und großen Glasflächen zur Erkennung von Diskontinuitäten im Werkstoff und unzulässigen Eigenresonanzen,
  • 5.5. zur Erfassung gewollt angeregter Schwingungen von Behältern zum Zweck der Füllstands- oder Innen­ druckmessung.
5. Application of the method according to one of claims 1-4,
  • 5.1. for the detection and detection of dangerous and disturbing vibrations
    • 5.1.1. on rotating or reciprocating parts of machines and instruments due to unbalance, eccentricities or other faults,
    • 5.1.2. on machine housings or the like for fault monitoring or preventive damage detection
    • 5.1.3. on parts of buildings, glass surfaces, bridges or other structures due to vehicle traffic, storms, water movements, earthquakes and explosions,
    • 5.1.4. on conductors and containers for gaseous or liquid media due to leaks,
    • 5.1.5. on tools for preventive break detection,
  • 5.2. for recording operational vibrations of pipes and ducts for the purpose of flow measurement,
  • 5.3. for the detection of vibrations on musical instruments and loudspeakers for the purpose of optimizing the vibrator,
  • 5.4. for the detection of intentionally excited vibrations on structures, machines, castings and large glass surfaces for the detection of discontinuities in the material and inadmissible natural resonances,
  • 5.5. to detect intentionally excited vibrations of containers for the purpose of level or internal pressure measurement.
DE19728653A 1997-07-04 1997-07-04 Method to detect surface vibrations of bodies for evaluating quality Withdrawn DE19728653A1 (en)

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Cited By (14)

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WO2000044875A2 (en) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-03 Hrch. Huppmann Gmbh Brewery facility with sound surveillance
DE10025574C2 (en) * 2000-05-24 2002-04-04 Wieland Werke Ag Classification of the surface properties of heat exchanger tubes using radar Doppler spectroscopy
EP1239290A2 (en) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-11 Tokyo Electric Power Company Apparatus for detecting voltage and current status in electric power system
DE10128131A1 (en) * 2001-06-09 2002-12-12 Lutz Berger Inspection or identification of test objects by irradiation of an object with microwaves and evaluation of radiation reflected from the test object and has passed through the object and been reflected from a rotating reflector
WO2005043143A2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-12 Rosenmund Vta Ag Method for recognising the moment when a body is submerged in or emerges from a liquid
DE102004003460A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2005-07-28 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Method of manufacture of a vibrating measurement device, e.g. a fork device for liquid level measurements, whereby the measurement device is set vibrating and forces and moments acting on its clamping mounting are measured
US7934414B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2011-05-03 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Method and apparatus for manufacturing a measuring device for determining and/or monitoring a process variable and measuring device
DE102011007372A1 (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Calibration and / or monitoring procedures for FMCW radar level gauges
CN104374464A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-02-25 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 Vibration information acquisition method and device and user equipment
CN104374463A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-02-25 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 Vibration information acquisition method and device and user equipment
DE102014005107A1 (en) 2014-04-08 2015-10-08 Jürgen Hartmann Device for vibration frequency measurement of a tensioned drive belt and method for carrying out the vibration frequency measurement
DE102015209092A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Volkswagen Ag "Method and measuring device for determining a mechanical vibration behavior of a component under mechanical tension"
CN111609920A (en) * 2020-05-13 2020-09-01 上海交通大学 Hand-held microwave vibration measuring system
WO2021043192A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-11 重庆大学 Method for online detection of milling blade damage

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