DE19726012C1 - Cyclic peptide or cyclic depsipeptide production - Google Patents
Cyclic peptide or cyclic depsipeptide productionInfo
- Publication number
- DE19726012C1 DE19726012C1 DE1997126012 DE19726012A DE19726012C1 DE 19726012 C1 DE19726012 C1 DE 19726012C1 DE 1997126012 DE1997126012 DE 1997126012 DE 19726012 A DE19726012 A DE 19726012A DE 19726012 C1 DE19726012 C1 DE 19726012C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- reaction mixture
- enzyme
- synthesis
- cyclodepsipeptides
- cyclopeptides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 108010069514 Cyclic Peptides Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 102000001189 Cyclic Peptides Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 108010002156 Depsipeptides Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
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- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010079684 beauvericin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- GYSCAQFHASJXRS-FFCOJMSVSA-N beauvericin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H](C(N(C)[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)O[C@@H](C(=O)N(C)[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)O[C@@H](C(=O)N1C)C(C)C)C(C)C)=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GYSCAQFHASJXRS-FFCOJMSVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 abstract 1
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- MIZMDSVSLSIMSC-OGLSAIDSSA-N enniatin Chemical compound CC(C)C1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C1=O MIZMDSVSLSIMSC-OGLSAIDSSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930105110 Cyclosporin A Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108700018928 Peptide Synthases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000056222 Peptide Synthases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N S-adenosyl-L-methioninate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C[S+](CC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108010081513 enniatins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- MIZMDSVSLSIMSC-VYLWARHZSA-N enniatin B Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C1=O MIZMDSVSLSIMSC-VYLWARHZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 4
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MIZMDSVSLSIMSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Enniatin-B Natural products CC(C)C1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C1=O MIZMDSVSLSIMSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-alanine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-alpha-Ala Natural products CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-VKHMYHEASA-N L-alpha-aminobutyric acid Chemical group CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(N)C(O)=O QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010083613 enniatin B synthetase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)=O AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHQFCPOIMVMDEZ-UNISNWAASA-N (e,2s,3r,4r)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)oct-6-enoic acid Chemical compound CN[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C AHQFCPOIMVMDEZ-UNISNWAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000879295 Fusarium equiseti Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019454 L-leucine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004395 L-leucine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001570 ademetionine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001280 alpha hydroxy acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001371 alpha-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008206 alpha-amino acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- TWHBYJSVDCWICV-BHZTXFQCSA-N enniatin A Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)OC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)OC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)OC1=O TWHBYJSVDCWICV-BHZTXFQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWHBYJSVDCWICV-UHFFFAOYSA-N enniatin A Natural products CCC(C)C1N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)C(C(C)CC)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)C(C(C)CC)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)OC1=O TWHBYJSVDCWICV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003136 leucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960004452 methionine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K11/00—Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K11/02—Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof cyclic, e.g. valinomycins ; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/645—Cyclosporins; Related peptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden (Polypeptide, deren Aminosäuresequenzen zum Ring oder zu mehreren Ringen geschlossen sind) und Cyclodepsipeptiden (Verbindungen, die aus ester- und amidartig miteinander verknüpften α-Hydroxy- und α-Aminosäuren bestehen) mittels enzymatischer Synthese in einem Enzymreaktor.The invention relates to a new process for the continuous production of Cyclopeptides (polypeptides, their amino acid sequences to the ring or to several rings are closed) and cyclodepsipeptides (compounds that from ester and amide-like linked α-hydroxy and α-amino acids exist) by means of enzymatic synthesis in an enzyme reactor.
Cyclopeptide, wie z. B. die Enniatine (Struktur in Abb. 1), das Beauvericin (Struktur in Abb. 1), das Cyclosporin A (Struktur in Abb. 2) oder ähnliche Peptidstrukturen werden von spezifischen natürlichen oder künstlich verbesserten Mikroorganismen prokaryotischen oder eukaryotischen Ursprunges synthetisiert.Cyclopeptides, such as. B. Enniatins (structure in Fig. 1), beauvericin (structure in Fig. 1), cyclosporin A (structure in Fig. 2) or similar peptide structures are synthesized by specific natural or artificially improved microorganisms of prokaryotic or eukaryotic origin.
Ihre Synthese erfolgt enzymkatalysiert durch Peptidsynthetasen, deren Aufbau und
katalytische Eigenschaften über Art und Reihenfolge der zu verknüpfenden Amino
säuren entscheidet. Das Studium des Reaktionsmechanismus von aus entsprechen
den Organismen isolierten Peptidsynthetasen (Übersicht z. B. in 1) hat ergeben:
Their synthesis is enzyme-catalyzed by peptide synthetases, the structure and catalytic properties of which determine the type and sequence of the amino acids to be linked. The study of the reaction mechanism of peptide synthetases isolated from corresponding organisms (overview, e.g. in FIG. 1) has shown:
- 1. Die Gesamtsynthese der vorgenannten Cyclopeptide ist außerhalb des Organismus (in vitro) möglich.1. The overall synthesis of the aforementioned cyclopeptides is outside of Organism (in vitro) possible.
- 2. Die Spezifität für einzelne Bausteine kann variabel sein, d. h., daß anstelle des natürlichen Bausteines andere natürliche oder synthetisch hergestellte Bausteine eingebaut werden können.2. The specificity for individual components can be variable, i. that is, instead of natural building block other natural or synthetically manufactured building blocks can be installed.
Solche Synthetasen wurden bereits zur in vitro-Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden be
nutzt, z. B.:
Such synthetases have already been used for the in vitro production of cyclopeptides, e.g. B .:
- - Enniatin mit im Reaktionsansatz gelöster Peptidsynthetase (2, 3),- Enniatin with peptide synthetase (2, 3) dissolved in the reaction mixture,
- - Synthese von Enniatin mit immobilisiertem Enzym (4, 5),- synthesis of enniatin with immobilized enzyme (4, 5),
- - Synthese von Cyclosporin A mit im Reaktionsansatz gelöstem Enzym (6-9).- Synthesis of cyclosporin A with enzyme (6-9) dissolved in the reaction mixture.
Milchsäure-haltige cyclische Depsipeptide mit 18 Ringatomen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sind im EP 0 669 343 A1 beschrieben.Lactic acid-containing cyclic depsipeptides with 18 ring atoms and process for their Production is described in EP 0 669 343 A1.
Es stehen aber einer rationellen technischen Anwendung der Nutzung von isolierten Peptidsynthetasen zur in vitro-Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden eine Reihe von Problemen im Wege:However, there is a rational technical application of the use of isolated A series of peptide synthetases for the in vitro production of cyclopeptides Problems in the way:
- 1. Es sind labile Enzyme mit Halbwertszeiten im Stundenbereich, wodurch nur kurze Operationszeiten ermöglicht werden.1. They are labile enzymes with half-lives in the hour range, which means only short ones Operation times are made possible.
- 2. Eine Immobilisierung zur Verbesserung der technischen Eigenschaften ist immer mit einem starken Aktivitätsverlust verbunden.2. Immobilization to improve the technical properties is always associated with a severe loss of activity.
- 3. Bei einem Batch-Verfahren liegt die Grenze der Leistungsfähigkeit bei ng-µg- Mengen Produkt pro mg eingesetztes Enzym.3. In a batch process, the limit of performance is ng-µg- Amounts of product per mg of enzyme used.
Deshalb bestand die Aufgabe, ein technisch nutzbares Verfahren zur enzymati schen Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden und Cyclodepsipeptiden zu entwickeln, das diese Nachteile vermeidet.Therefore, there was the task of a technically usable method for enzymati development of cyclopeptides and cyclodepsipeptides, the avoids these disadvantages.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde festgestellt, daß Peptidsynthetasen in Gegenwart organi scher Lösungsmittel stabil sind und daß sich die Operationsstabilität solcher Enzyme drastisch erhöht, wenn der sich in einer semipermeablen Membran befindliche wäßrige Reaktionsansatz von einem geeigneten organischen Lösungsmittel um geben und in definierten Zeiten durch Dialyse in einem geeigneten wäßrigen Puffer system regeneriert wird.According to the invention it was found that peptide synthetases in the presence of organi shear solvents are stable and that the operational stability of such enzymes drastically increased when the one in a semipermeable membrane aqueous reaction mixture of a suitable organic solvent give and at defined times by dialysis in a suitable aqueous buffer system is regenerated.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden und Cyclo depsipeptiden durch enzymatische Synthese in einem Enzymreaktor besteht darin, daß ein wäßriger Reaktionsansatz verwendet wird, der Peptidsynthetase und Aminosäuren, als Bausteine des End produkts sowie eine Energiequelle, insbesondere Adenosin-5'-triphosphat (ATP), in Verbindung mit zweiwertigen Kationen, ein Schutzkolloid und ggfs. eine Puffersubstanz gelöst enthält, und der über eine semipermeable Membran von einem organischen Lösungsmittel getrennt ist, das als Extraktionsmittel für die Cyclopeptide bzw. Cyclodepsipeptide dient, wobei sowohl der Reaktionsansatz regelmäßig in einem wäßrigen Puffersystem regeneriert als auch das Lösungsmittel kontinuierlich gewechselt werden.The process according to the invention for the preparation of cyclopeptides and cyclo depsipeptides by enzymatic synthesis in an enzyme reactor consists of that an aqueous reaction mixture is used, the peptide synthetase and Amino acids, as building blocks of the end product and an energy source, in particular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), in connection with divalent cations, a protective colloid and possibly a Contains dissolved buffer substance, and of a semipermeable membrane an organic solvent is separated, which as an extractant for the Cyclopeptides or cyclodepsipeptides is used, both the reaction approach regularly regenerated in an aqueous buffer system as well as the solvent be changed continuously.
Die Verfahrensweise sieht
The procedure looks like
- - die Extraktion der im wäßrigen Ansatz durch enzymatische Katalyse entstandenen hydrophoben Peptide durch ein geeignetes organisches Lösungsmittel,- The extraction of those created in the aqueous batch by enzymatic catalysis hydrophobic peptides with a suitable organic solvent,
- - den kontinuierlichen Ersatz des mit Cyclopeptid bzw. Cyclodepsipeptid ange reicherten Lösungsmittels und damit eine kontinuierliche Produktabführung und- The continuous replacement of the cyclopeptide or cyclodepsipeptide enriched solvent and thus a continuous product removal and
- - eine Regeneration des Reaktionsansatzes durch Dialyse in einem wäßrigen Puffersystem vor.- A regeneration of the reaction mixture by dialysis in an aqueous Buffer system before.
Das Verfahren eignet sich besonders zur In-vitro-Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden und Cyclodepsipeptiden. Die Herstellung kann kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden.The method is particularly suitable for the in vitro production of cyclopeptides and Cyclodepsipeptides. The production can be carried out continuously.
Die Wahl der geeigneten Synthesekomponenten ergibt sich aus dem gewünschten Endprodukt. Es sind vor allem die jeweiligen Aminosäuren, aber auch Hydroxy säuren, die als Bausteine dienen.The choice of suitable synthetic components results from the desired one End product. It is primarily the respective amino acids, but also hydroxy acids that serve as building blocks.
Als Energiequelle wird vorzugsweise Adenosin-5'-triphosphat (ATP) in Verbindung mit einem zweiwertigen Kation verwendet. Hierfür kommen insbesondere Mg++ und Mn++ in Frage.Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in connection with a divalent cation is preferably used as the energy source. Mg ++ and Mn ++ are particularly suitable for this.
Die Regeneration des Reaktionssystems erfolgt in einem wäßrigen Puffersystem.
Bei einem pH-Wert von 8,0 sind dafür
(50 mM) Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethan (Tris),
1 mM Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure (EDTA),
5 mM Thiolschutzreagenz wie Mercaptoethanol oder Dithiothreitol (DTT)
und 20% Glycerin geeignet.
The reaction system is regenerated in an aqueous buffer system. At pH 8.0 are in favor of it
(50 mM) tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris),
1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),
5 mM thiol protection reagent such as mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol (DTT) and 20% glycerin are suitable.
Die Konzentration der Synthesekomponenten wird wie bei solchen Reaktionen üblich - insbesondere im millimolaren Bereich - gewählt. Im Falle der Enniatin synthese können die Endkonzentrationen beispielsweise bei ca. 5-10 mM liegen.The concentration of the synthesis components becomes like in such reactions usual - especially in the millimolar range - selected. In the case of the Enniatin synthesis, the final concentrations can be around 5-10 mM, for example.
Zur Herstellung von Cyclodepsipeptiden mit 18 Ringatomen (Enniatine oder Beauvericin) wird als Peptidsynthetase ein Enzympräparat aus Fusarium oder ein gleichwirkendes Präparat verwendet. Unter gleichwirkendes Präparat wird ein Enzympräparat aus anderen Organismen oder gentechnisch hergestellten Enzymen verstanden. Als Synthesekomponenten dienen dafür D-Hydroxy-isovaleriansäure (Dhiv) und L-Valin in Gegenwart von Adenosin-5'-triphosphat (ATP) und einem Magnesiumsalz.For the production of cyclodepsipeptides with 18 ring atoms (Enniatine or Beauvericin) is used as a peptide synthetase, an enzyme preparation from Fusarium or a equivalent preparation used. Under equivalent drug is a Enzyme preparation from other organisms or genetically engineered enzymes Understood. D-hydroxy-isovaleric acid serves as synthesis components for this (Dhiv) and L-valine in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and one Magnesium salt.
Zur Synthese von Cyclosporinen und verwandten Peptiden wird als Peptidsynthe tase ein Enzympräparat aus Beauveria oder ein gleichwirkendes Präparat einge setzt. Unter gleichwirkendes Präparat wird ein Enzympräparat aus anderen Organismen oder gentechnisch hergestellten Enzymen verstanden.The synthesis of cyclosporins and related peptides is called peptide synthesis tase an enzyme preparation from Beauveria or a preparation with the same effect puts. An enzyme preparation is made from others under the same effect preparation Understand organisms or genetically engineered enzymes.
Unter gleichwirksamen Präparaten sind insbesondere auch gentechnisch veränderte oder neu zusammengesetzte (recombinante) Proteine zu verstehen, die wie die natürlichen Enzympräparate selbst wirken.Genetically modified medicinal products are particularly effective or to understand newly composed (recombinant) proteins that like that natural enzyme preparations work themselves.
Die Dialyse- oder semipermeable Membran ist für die Reaktionsprodukte durch lässig, nicht jedoch für das Enzym. Vorzugsweise besteht sie aus Cellulose-Ester.The dialysis or semipermeable membrane is through for the reaction products casual, but not for the enzyme. It preferably consists of cellulose ester.
Die Dialysemembran ist von einem geeigneten organischen Lösungsmittel umgeben. In Frage kommen alle Lösungsmittel, in denen sich die Produkte lösen, beispiels weise The dialysis membrane is surrounded by a suitable organic solvent. All solvents in which the products dissolve, for example wise
- - Alkane oder Cycloalkane einer Kettenlänge von C5-C10,Alkanes or cycloalkanes with a chain length of C 5 -C 10 ,
- - Alkan-Derivate wie Alkohole, Halogenalkane (z. B. Tetrachlormethan),- alkane derivatives such as alcohols, haloalkanes (e.g. carbon tetrachloride),
-
- Ketone, z. B. Diisobutylketon,
Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe und deren Derivate, z. B. Benzol, Toluol, Mesitylen,- ketones, e.g. B. diisobutyl ketone,
Aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, e.g. B. benzene, toluene, mesitylene, - - Ether, z. B. Diisopropylether,- ether, e.g. B. diisopropyl ether,
-
- Ester, z. B. Dibutylphthalat, Hexylacetat,
vorzugsweise wird als organisches Lösungsmittel Heptan verwendet.- esters, e.g. B. dibutyl phthalate, hexyl acetate,
heptane is preferably used as the organic solvent.
Das vorliegende Verfahren erlaubt den halbkontinuierlichen oder kontinuierlichen Einsatz von Peptidsynthetasen zur Herstellung von Cyclopeptiden.The present method allows the semi-continuous or continuous Use of peptide synthetases for the production of cyclopeptides.
Vorteile sind eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Operationszeit (mindestens Wochen) und der erzielbaren Ausbeuten (mg-g Produkt pro mg eingesetztes Enzym).Advantages are a significant increase in the operating time (at least weeks) and the achievable yields (mg-g product per mg enzyme used).
Entsprechende Versuchsanordnungen sind leicht zu realisieren. Eine beispielhafte Anordnung ist in Abb. 3 dargestellt. Darin bedeuten:Appropriate test arrangements are easy to implement. An exemplary arrangement is shown in Fig. 3. Where:
- 1. 1 Dialyse-Membran (mit Enzym und Substraten)1. 1 dialysis membrane (with enzyme and substrates)
- 2. 2 Soxhlet-Aufsatz2. 2 Soxhlet attachment
- 3. 3 Dimroth-Kühler3. 3 Dimroth coolers
- 4. 4 zur Vakuum-Pumpe4. 4 to the vacuum pump
- 5. 5 Thermometer5. 5 thermometers
- 6. 6 Siedekapillare (zur Probenentnahme)6. 6 boiling capillaries (for sampling)
- 7. 7 Dreihalsrundkolben mit Lösungsmittel7. 7 three-necked round bottom flask with solvent
- 8. 8 Heizbad8. 8 heating bath
In der Abb. 1 bedeuten:
Enniatin A R1 = R2 = R3 = secButyl
Enniatin A1 R1 = iPropyl; R2 = R3 = secButyl
Enniatin B R1 = R2 = R3 = iPropyl
Enniatin B1 R1 = R2 = iPropyl; R3 = secButyl
Beauvericin R1 = R2 = R3 = BenzylIn Fig. 1 mean:
Enniatin AR 1 = R 2 = R 3 = sec butyl
Enniatin A 1 R 1 = i propyl; R 2 = R 3 = sec butyl
Enniatin BR 1 = R 2 = R 3 = i Propyl
Enniatin B 1 R 1 = R 2 = i propyl; R 3 = sec butyl
Beauvericin R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = benzyl
In der Abb. 2 bedeuten:
Bmt = 4-(E)-Butenyl-4-Methyl-L-Threonin
Abu = α-Aminobuttersäure
In Fig. 2 mean:
Bmt = 4- (E) -butenyl-4-methyl-L-threonine
Abu = α-aminobutyric acid
Aus einer Submerskultur von Fusarium scirpi oder einem anderen Enniatin produzierenden Fusarium-Stamm wird Enniatinsynthetase (Esyn) nach den bereits beschriebenen Methoden isoliert und gereinigt (Zocher et. al. 1982).From a submerged culture of Fusarium scirpi or another Enniatin producing Fusarium strain is Enniatinsynthetase (Esyn) according to the already described methods isolated and cleaned (Zocher et. al. 1982).
In der in Abb. 3 gezeigten Apparatur werden 1000 µl ESyn-Lösung mit 200 µl Mix in wäßriger Lösung, hergestellt aus 60 µl D-Hydroxy-isovaleriansäure (D-Hiv) (0,1 M), 60 µl L-Valin (L-Val) (0,1 M), 60 µl Adenosin-5'-Triphosphat (ATP) (0,1 M) und 20 µl Mg2+ (1 M) und 50 µl S-Adenosyl-L-methionin (SAM) gemischt. Letztere Substanz dient als Methylgruppen-Donor in der enzymatischen Synthese. Als Schutzkolloid werden 60 µl Lösung von Rinderserum-Albumin (100 g/l) zugesetzt. Die Dauer der Inkubation beträgt 3 bis 6 Stunden.In the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, 1000 µl ESyn solution with 200 µl mix in aqueous solution, made from 60 µl D-hydroxy-isovaleric acid (D-Hiv) (0.1 M), 60 µl L-valine (L -Val) (0.1 M), 60 µl adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) (0.1 M) and 20 µl Mg 2+ (1 M) and 50 µl S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) mixed. The latter substance serves as a methyl group donor in enzymatic synthesis. 60 µl of bovine serum albumin solution (100 g / l) are added as a protective colloid. The incubation period is 3 to 6 hours.
Danach überführt man die Dialysemembran mit dem Enzym in ein Glasgefäß mit
Dialysepuffer, worin sie 3 bis 6 Stunden verbleibt. Es wird wechselweise mit zwei
Enzymportionen gearbeitet, damit die Reaktion ständig in Betrieb gehalten werden
kann. Zur Regulation der Temperatur auf ca. 25°C (Temperaturoptimum des
Enzyms), muß der Unterdruck in der Anlage entsprechend eingestellt werden. Es
ergaben sich dadurch folgende Verhältnisse:
p = 120-150 mbar
ϑ = ca. 25°C (Heizbad ca. 60°C)The dialysis membrane with the enzyme is then transferred into a glass vessel with dialysis buffer, in which it remains for 3 to 6 hours. Two enzyme portions are used alternately so that the reaction can be kept in operation. To regulate the temperature to approx. 25 ° C (optimum temperature of the enzyme), the vacuum in the system must be set accordingly. This resulted in the following relationships:
p = 120-150 mbar
ϑ = approx. 25 ° C (heating bath approx. 60 ° C)
Die Ausbeute an Enniatin pro mg eingesetztem reinen Enzym beträgt unter den genannten Reaktionsbedingungen 50 bis 100 µm Enniatin B pro Stunde; sie ist abhängig von der spezifischen Aktivität der Enzympräparation. The yield of enniatin per mg of pure enzyme used is below that mentioned reaction conditions 50 to 100 µm Enniatin B per hour; she is depending on the specific activity of the enzyme preparation.
In der in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Weise wird Enniatinsynthetase im Dialysesack mit α-D-Hydroxy-isovaleriansäure (5 mM) und L-Valin (5 mM) unter Zusatz von Adenosin-5'-triphosphat (ATP) und S-Adenosylmethionin (5 mM) inkubiert. Dabei wird eine der Komponenten in radioaktiv markierter Form angeboten, z. B. 14C-Valin oder 14C-S-Adenosyl-L-Methionin (SAM).In the manner described in Example 1, Enniatinsynthetase in the dialysis bag with α-D-hydroxy-isovaleric acid (5 mM) and L-valine (5 mM) with the addition of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and S-adenosylmethionine (5 mM ) incubated. One of the components is offered in a radioactive form, e.g. B. 14 C-valine or 14 CS-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).
Das so hergestellte 14C-markierte Enniatin wird durch Szintillation bzw. Dünnschicht chromatographie nachgewiesen. Die erzielbaren spezifischen Aktivitäten entspre chen der spezifischen Aktivität der eingesetzten Synthesebausteine.The 14 C-labeled enniatin thus produced is detected by scintillation or thin layer chromatography. The specific activities that can be achieved correspond to the specific activity of the synthetic building blocks used.
Die zur Cyclosporinsynthese benötigten Substrate werden gemischt und in den Dialysesack gegeben. Diese sind L-Aminobuttersäure, Glycin, L-Leucin, L-Valin, D- Alanin, L-Alanin, C9-Säure (MeBmt), Adenosin-5'-triphosphat (ATP), MgCl2 und 14C-Methyl-markiertes S-Adenosyl-L-methionin.The substrates required for cyclosporin synthesis are mixed and placed in the dialysis bag. These are L-aminobutyric acid, glycine, L-leucine, L-valine, D-alanine, L-alanine, C 9 acid (MeBmt), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), MgCl 2 and 14 C-methyl labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Das so hergestellte 14C-markierte Cyclosporin wird durch Szintillation bzw. Dünn schichtchromatographie nachgewiesen. Die erzielbaren spezifischen Aktivitäten entsprechen der spezifischen Aktivität der eingesetzten Synthesebausteine.The 14 C-labeled cyclosporin thus produced is detected by scintillation or thin layer chromatography. The specific activities that can be achieved correspond to the specific activity of the synthetic building blocks used.
1. Zocher, R. and U. Keller (1997) Thiol Template Peptide Synthesis Systems in
Bacteria and Fungi. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 18, 85-131.
2. Zocher, R., Kefler, U., Kleinkauf, H. (1982) Enniatin Synthetase, a Novel Type of
Multifunctional Enzyme Catalyzing Depsipeptide Synthesis in Fusarlum oxyspo
rum. Biochemistry 21, 43-48.
3. Pieper, R., Kleinkauf, K., Zocher, R. (1992) Enniatin Synthetases from different
Fusaria Exhibiting distinct amino acid specificities. J. Antibiot. 45, 1273-1277.
4. Madry, N., Zocher, R., Grodzki, K., Kleinkauf, H. (1984) Selective Synthesis of
Depsipeptides by the Immobilized Multienzyme Enniatin Synthetase. Appl.
Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20, 83-86.
5. Siegbahn, N., Mosbach, K., Grodzki, K.,Zocher, R., Madry, N., Kleinkauf, H.
(1985) Covalent Immobilization of the Multienzyme Enniatin Synthetase.
Biotechnol. Lett. 7, 397.
6. Billich, A., Zocher, R. (1987) Enzymatic Synthesis of Cyclosporin A. J. Biol.
Chem. 262, 17258-17259.
7. Lawen, A., Traber, R., Zocher, R., Kleinkauf, H. (1989) Enzymatic synthesis of
New Cyclosporins. J. Antibiot. 42, 1283-1289.
8. Lawen, A., Traber, R., Geyl, D. (1991) In vitro biosynthesis of Thr2 1. Zocher, R. and U. Keller (1997) Thiol Template Peptide Synthesis Systems in Bacteria and Fungi. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 18, 85-131.
2. Zocher, R., Kefler, U., Kleinkauf, H. (1982) Enniatin Synthetase, a Novel Type of Multifunctional Enzyme Catalyzing Depsipeptide Synthesis in Fusarlum oxyspo rum. Biochemistry 21, 43-48.
3. Pieper, R., Kleinkauf, K., Zocher, R. (1992) Enniatin Synthetases from different Fusaria Exhibiting distinct amino acid specificities. J. Antibiot. 45, 1273-1277.
4. Madry, N., Zocher, R., Grodzki, K., Kleinkauf, H. (1984) Selective Synthesis of Depsipeptides by the Immobilized Multienzyme Enniatin Synthetase. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20, 83-86.
5. Siegbahn, N., Mosbach, K., Grodzki, K., Zocher, R., Madry, N., Kleinkauf, H. (1985) Covalent Immobilization of the Multienzyme Enniatin Synthetase. Biotechnol. Lett. 7, 397.
6. Billich, A., Zocher, R. (1987) Enzymatic Synthesis of Cyclosporin AJ Biol. Chem. 262, 17258-17259.
7. Lawen, A., Traber, R., Zocher, R., Kleinkauf, H. (1989) Enzymatic synthesis of New Cyclosporins. J. Antibiot. 42, 1283-1289.
8. Lawen, A., Traber, R., Geyl, D. (1991) In vitro biosynthesis of Thr 2
Leu5 Leu 5
, D-Hiv8 , D-Hiv 8
, Leu10 , Leu 10
, cyclosporin related peptolide, with immunosuppressive activity by a multi
enzyme polypeptide. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15567-15570.
9. Lawen, A., Traber, R. (1993) Substrate specificities of cyclosporine synthetase
and peptolide synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20452-20465., cyclosporin related peptolide, with immunosuppressive activity by a multi enzyme polypeptide. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15567-15570.
9. Lawen, A., Traber, R. (1993) Substrate specificities of cyclosporine synthetase and peptolide synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20452-20465.
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