DE19705965A1 - Scale removal from pipe systems carrying water - Google Patents

Scale removal from pipe systems carrying water

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Publication number
DE19705965A1
DE19705965A1 DE1997105965 DE19705965A DE19705965A1 DE 19705965 A1 DE19705965 A1 DE 19705965A1 DE 1997105965 DE1997105965 DE 1997105965 DE 19705965 A DE19705965 A DE 19705965A DE 19705965 A1 DE19705965 A1 DE 19705965A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
water
electrodes
pipe systems
pipe
leads
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DE1997105965
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German (de)
Inventor
Kai Dr Rer Nat Zeppenfeld
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE1997105965 priority Critical patent/DE19705965A1/en
Publication of DE19705965A1 publication Critical patent/DE19705965A1/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4602Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

In a physical process for the removal of scale from pipe systems, the water flows through an electrolytic cell fitted with Pt electrodes (1, 2) or Ti electrodes (1, 2) coated with ruthenium oxide. The applied voltage is greater than the decomposition voltage of water which leads to a high concentration of OH<-> and to localised stable calcite crystal formation. The resulting Ca<2+> concentration gradients in the pipe system leads to slow dissolution of the unstable encrusted carbonate. Preferably between 6 and 12 volts is applied continuously across the electrodes (1, 2) which are rigidly fixed in a cylindrical pipe (5). The cathode (1) is surrounded by a permeable membrane (4).

Description

Kesselsteinbildungen bzw. Kalkablagerungen in Rohrsystemen, industriellen Anlagen sowie in wasserverbrauchenden Haushaltsgeräten stellen immer noch ein großes Problem dar. Ein Verlust der Funktionstauglichkeit von Rohrleitungen und Absperrorganen sowie zu großer Energieaufwand für den Wassertransport, Verschlechterung des Wärmedurchgangs mit Minderung der Wirtschaftlichkeit bis hin zur Zerstörung der Anlagen seien einige beispielhaft zu nennende Schwierigkeiten. Seit Jahrzehnten werden auf dem Markt verstärkt "physikalische" Wasserbehandlungsgeräte angeboten, die Kalkinkrustationen in wasserführenden Systemen verringern und vermeiden sollen. Nach Angaben der Hersteller beruht die Wirkung solcher Geräte auf einem Einfluß elektrischer bzw. magnetischer Felder, welche eine Kristallisation verhindern sollen. Dabei sollen Vorgänge, die im Vorfeld einer Kalkabscheidung stattfinden, beeinflußt werden, so daß diese unterdrückt wird.Scale formation or limescale deposits in pipe systems, industrial plants and in water-consuming household appliances are still a major problem Loss of functionality of pipes and shut-off devices as well as too large Energy expenditure for water transport, deterioration of the heat transfer with Reductions in economy to the destruction of plants are some examples difficulties to be mentioned. The market has been strengthening for decades "physical" water treatment devices are offered that scale incrustations in reduce and avoid water-bearing systems. According to the manufacturer does the effect of such devices depend on the influence of electrical or magnetic fields, which are supposed to prevent crystallization. Operations that are carried out in advance of a Lime separation take place, are influenced so that this is suppressed.

Es existieren zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen und Erklärungsversuche, in denen über die Beeinflussung magnetischer Felder auf die Wasserstruktur, oder über den Einfluß elektromagnetischer Felder auf die Modifikation der gebildeten Kalkabscheidung berichtet wird. Dabei wird deutlich, daß weder in der Literatur noch in den technischen Unterlagen der Hersteller eine physikalisch oder chemisch nachvollziehbare Wirkungsweise der oben beschriebenen Wasserbehandlungsgeräte gegeben wird. Daher war eine wissenschaftliche Beurteilung und ein genereller Einsatz dieser Geräte bisher nicht gegeben.There are numerous publications and attempts to explain, in which about the Influencing magnetic fields on the water structure, or via the influence electromagnetic fields reported on the modification of the formed lime deposit becomes. It becomes clear that neither in the literature nor in the technical documents of the Manufacturer a physically or chemically understandable mode of action of the above described water treatment equipment is given. So it was scientific Assessment and general use of these devices has not yet been given.

Es wird ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Beseitigung von vorhandenen Kesselsteininkrustationen in Rohrleitungen, wasserverbrauchenden Haushaltsgeräten und industriellen Anlagen vorgeschlagen. Das dem verkalkten System vorgeschaltete Gerät besteht aus zwei elektrolytisch innerten Platinelektroden, oder aus zwei mit Rutheniumoxid beschichteten Titanelektroden, deren Abstand 10 mm beträgt; von den Elektroden dient eine als Kathode (1), die andere als Anode (2). Mit Hilfe einer Spannungsquelle (3) wird an die Elektroden eine kontinuierliche Gleichspannung von 6.0 bis 12.0 Volt angelegt. Die Kathode ist von einer, nur für Ionen und Wassermoleküle durchlässigen Membran (4) umgeben, um den entstehenden Wasserstoff abzuführen. Die Elektroden sind in ein zylindrisches Rohr (5) fest installiert, welches durch flachdichtende Verschraubungen (6) in ein verkalktes Rohrsystem eingebaut werden kann.An improved method for removing existing scale encrustations in pipelines, water-consuming household appliances and industrial plants is proposed. The device upstream of the calcified system consists of two electrolytically inner platinum electrodes, or of two titanium electrodes coated with ruthenium oxide, the spacing of which is 10 mm; one of the electrodes serves as a cathode ( 1 ), the other as an anode ( 2 ). With the help of a voltage source ( 3 ), a continuous DC voltage of 6.0 to 12.0 volts is applied to the electrodes. The cathode is surrounded by a membrane ( 4 ), which is only permeable to ions and water molecules, in order to remove the hydrogen formed. The electrodes are permanently installed in a cylindrical tube ( 5 ), which can be installed in a calcified tube system using flat sealing screw connections ( 6 ).

Durch die Elektrolyse wird das fließende Wasser in seine Bestandteile Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff zerlegt. An der negativen Elektrode (Kathode) werden Protonen zu Wasserstoff entladen und an der positiven Elektrode (Anode) wird Sauerstoff abgeschieden:
Electrolysis breaks down the flowing water into its hydrogen and oxygen components. Protons are discharged to hydrogen at the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen is deposited at the positive electrode (anode):

Kathode: 2 H2O + 2 e⁻ → H2 + 2 OH⁻
Anode: 2 H2O → O2 + 4H⁺ + 4 e⁻
Cathode: 2 H 2 O + 2 e⁻ → H 2 + 2 OH⁻
Anode: 2 H 2 O → O 2 + 4H⁺ + 4 e⁻

Durch die Elektrolyse wird in kurzer Zeit die thermodynamisch stabile Calcitmodifikation ausgefällt. Ursache für die beobachtete CaCO3-Abscheidung ist die kathodische OH⁻-Bildung, wobei örtlich eine Kalkübersättigung des Wassers erreicht und Calcit abgeschieden wird:
The thermodynamically stable calcite modification is precipitated by the electrolysis in a short time. The cause of the observed CaCO 3 deposition is the cathodic formation of OH,, whereby locally a lime oversaturation of the water is achieved and calcite is deposited:

Ca2⁺ + HCO3- + OH⁻ ↔ CaCO3 + H2O
Ca 2 ⁺ + HCO 3 - + OH⁻ ↔ CaCO 3 + H 2 O

Bei den sich auf dem Markt befindlichen "elektrischen" Wasserbehandlungsanlagen werden folglich nicht, wie die Hersteller angeben, Kristallisationsvorgänge unterdrückt, sondern es tritt im "Wasserbehandlungsgerät" eine verstärkte CaCO3-Kristallkeimbildung auf. Folglich verringert sich die Ca2⁺-Ionenkonzentration in dem dem Wasserbehandlungsgerät folgenden Rohrsystem.As a result, crystallization processes are not suppressed in the "electrical" water treatment plants on the market, as the manufacturers state, but an increased CaCO 3 crystal nucleation occurs in the "water treatment device". Consequently, the Ca 2 ⁺ ion concentration in the pipe system following the water treatment device is reduced.

Der Prozeß der Kesselsteinbildung an Rohrinnenwänden verläuft wesentlich langsamer als die Calcitbildung durch die Elektrolyse. Weiterhin sind Kesselsteininkrustationen schlecht kristallisiert, oft amorph, oder sie bestehen aus der Aragonitmodifikation. Neben carbonatischen können, abhängig von der jeweiligen Wasserzusammensetzung, auch sulfatische, silicatische, oxidische und oxihydratische Ablagerungen auftreten. Solche Inkrustationen sind in mit CaCO3-gesättigtem Wasser oft leichter löslich als die durch das oben beschriebene Verfahren gebildeten gut kristallisierten und stabilen Calcitkristalle. Die Folge des erzeugten Ca2⁺-Konzentrationsgradienten wäre nun eine sich über einen längeren Zeitraum erstreckende Auflösung der bereits vorhandenen Kesselsteinablagerungen in Rohrsystemen und wasserverbrauchenden Anlagen.The process of scale formation on inner pipe walls is much slower than the calcite formation by electrolysis. In addition, scale incrustations are poorly crystallized, often amorphous, or consist of aragonite modification. In addition to carbonate, depending on the respective water composition, sulfate, silicate, oxidic and oxyhydrate deposits can also occur. Such incrustations are often more readily soluble in water saturated with CaCO 3 than the well-crystallized and stable calcite crystals formed by the process described above. The consequence of the Ca 2 ⁺ concentration gradient generated would be a prolonged dissolution of the existing scale deposits in pipe systems and water-consuming systems.

Claims (1)

Es wird ein physikalisches Verfahren zur Beseitigung von Kesselsteininkrustationen in wasserführenden Rohrsystemen vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Wasser durch eine elektrolytische Zelle fließt. Diese ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Platinelektroden bzw. zwei mit Rutheniumoxid beschichtete Titanelektroden verwendet werden, die elektrolytisch innert sind und durch naszierendes Chlor nicht angegriffen werden, die angelegten Gleichspannungen sind größer als die Zersetzungsspannung des Wassers; dieses führt zu großen kathodisch gebildeten OH⁻-Konzentrationen und folglich zu einer örtlichen stabilen Calcitkristallbildung. Aufgrund des resultierenden Ca2⁺-Konzentrationsgradienten kommt es in dem dem Gerät folgendem Rohrsystem zur langsamen Auflösung der instabileren Carbonatinkrustationen.A physical method for removing scale incrustations in water-bearing pipe systems is proposed, in which the water flows through an electrolytic cell. This is characterized in that two platinum electrodes or two titanium electrodes coated with ruthenium oxide are used which are electrolytically inert and are not attacked by nascent chlorine, the applied DC voltages are greater than the decomposition voltage of the water; this leads to large cathodically formed OH⁻ concentrations and consequently to a locally stable calcite crystal formation. Due to the resulting Ca 2 ⁺ concentration gradient, the unstable carbonate incrustations slowly dissolve in the pipe system following the device.
DE1997105965 1997-02-17 1997-02-17 Scale removal from pipe systems carrying water Withdrawn DE19705965A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997105965 DE19705965A1 (en) 1997-02-17 1997-02-17 Scale removal from pipe systems carrying water

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997105965 DE19705965A1 (en) 1997-02-17 1997-02-17 Scale removal from pipe systems carrying water

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DE19705965A1 true DE19705965A1 (en) 1998-08-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1125895A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-08-22 CWW Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH Process and device for scale prevention in water systems
GB2384536A (en) * 2001-11-22 2003-07-30 V A Heating Ltd Scale inhibiting apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1125895A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-08-22 CWW Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH Process and device for scale prevention in water systems
GB2384536A (en) * 2001-11-22 2003-07-30 V A Heating Ltd Scale inhibiting apparatus
GB2384536B (en) * 2001-11-22 2005-01-26 V A Heating Ltd Scale inhibiting apparatus

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