DE19702006A1 - Calorific meter with laser diodes and suitable detection system using Raman scattering - Google Patents

Calorific meter with laser diodes and suitable detection system using Raman scattering

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Publication number
DE19702006A1
DE19702006A1 DE1997102006 DE19702006A DE19702006A1 DE 19702006 A1 DE19702006 A1 DE 19702006A1 DE 1997102006 DE1997102006 DE 1997102006 DE 19702006 A DE19702006 A DE 19702006A DE 19702006 A1 DE19702006 A1 DE 19702006A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
calorific value
meter
calorific
laser diodes
detection system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE1997102006
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German (de)
Inventor
Alfred Prof Dr Ing Leipertz
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE1997102006 priority Critical patent/DE19702006A1/en
Publication of DE19702006A1 publication Critical patent/DE19702006A1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

The calorific value meter is designed with laser diodes and a suitable detection system, based on the physical basic principle of the Raman scatter. Suitable selected detection fields (wavelengths or frequency bands). These are determined for the computing of the calorific value of a fuel mixture necessary concns. or the mole count of the gaseous individual components. The calorific value meter is provided with an integrated computer unit which numerically determines the calorific value. The meter is also provided with an integrated control unit, for a suitable control of components to be regulated, which can be altered in their composition for the next prepared gas mixture and/or in their calorific value or to a specified value.

Description

Der massenbezogene Heizwert H [kJ/kg] einer Gasmischung aus i unterschiedlichen gasförmi­ gen Komponenten mit den molaren Heizwerten Hi [kJ/mol] und den Molmassen Mi [kg/mol], der in die Berechnung des bei einer Verbrennung frei werdenden Wärmestromes eingeht, er­ gibt sich aus
The mass-related calorific value H [kJ / kg] of a gas mixture of i different gaseous components with the molar calorific values H i [kJ / mol] and the molar masses M i [kg / mol], which is used in the calculation of the heat flow released during combustion comes in, he pretends

Dabei bezeichnet yi den vorliegenden Molenbruch (Molanteil) der Komponente i in der Gasmi­ schung.Here y i denotes the mole fraction (mole fraction) of component i present in the gas mixture.

Bei Kenntnis der Molmassen und molaren Heizwerte (z. B. aus Tabelle 10.12 in Baehr, Ther­ modynamik, Springer-Verlag, B-HD 1996, S. 431) läßt sich der Heizwert der Gasmischung nach Gl. (1) berechnen, wenn der vorliegende Molenbruch (Molanteil) jeder einzelnen Kompo­ nenten bekannt ist. Ein bekanntes Verfahren, die Konzentration und damit die Molanteile ein­ zelner gasförmiger Komponenten in einem Mehrkomponentensystem zu bestimmen, stellt die Raman-Streuung dar, die für nahezu alle Moleküle eingesetzt werden kann mit einer molekül­ spezifischen Verschiebung der Ramanlinien. So lassen sich gleichzeitig mehrere Gaskomponen­ ten, bei geeigneter Wahl der einzelnen Ramanlinien nahezu ungestört voneinander, vermessen und somit nach Gl. (1) der Heizwert der Mischung bestimmen.With knowledge of the molar masses and molar calorific values (e.g. from Table 10.12 in Baehr, Ther modynamik, Springer-Verlag, B-HD 1996, p. 431), the calorific value of the gas mixture according to Eq. (1) calculate if the present mole fraction (mole fraction) of each individual compo is known. A known method, the concentration and thus the molar proportions The determination of individual gaseous components in a multi-component system Raman scattering, which can be used for almost all molecules with one molecule specific shift of the Raman lines. In this way, several gas components can be operated simultaneously ten, almost undisturbed from each other with a suitable choice of the individual Raman lines and thus according to Eq. (1) determine the calorific value of the mixture.

Aufgrund der geringen Ramanintensitäten konnten bisher Raman-Sonden wesentlich nur mit Hochleistungslasern aufgebaut werden. Gegenstand dieser Erfindung ist ein Heizwertzähler, der mittels Laserdioden und geeignetem Detektionssystem (Einzelfilter oder kleinem Spektro­ meter mit nachfolgenden Fotodioden als Empfänger) aufgebaut ist und in ausgewählten Detek­ tionsfeldern (Wellenlängen- bzw. Frequenz- bzw. Wellenzahlenbereichen), siehe z. B. Abb. 1 für die wesentlich in derartigen Mischungen vorkommenden Kohlenwasserstoffe Methan, Ethan und Propan, die Einzelkomponenten zur Berechnung des Heizwertes nach Gl. (1) erfaßt und möglicherweise mit einer ebenfalls integrierten Rechnereinheit den Heizwert direkt numerisch bestimmt. Das System erlaubt z. B. bei einem Systemdruck von 10 bar und Umgebungstemperatur eine Meßauflösung im ppm-Bereich. Ein derartig gestalteter Heizwert­ zähler erlaubt so z. B. die Bestimmung des Heizwertes von Erd- oder Stadtgas, das zu Brenn- und Heizwerken bereitgestellt und oftmals von den Lieferanten über den Heizwert als Berech­ nungseinheit geliefert und/oder abgerechnet wird.Due to the low Raman intensities, Raman probes could previously only be constructed with high-power lasers. The present invention relates to a calorific value counter, which is constructed by means of laser diodes and a suitable detection system (single filter or small spectrometer with subsequent photodiodes as a receiver) and in selected detection fields (wavelength or frequency or wave number ranges), see e.g. B. Fig. 1 for the essential hydrocarbons in such mixtures methane, ethane and propane, the individual components for calculating the calorific value according to Eq. (1) recorded and possibly also numerically determined the calorific value with an integrated computer unit. The system allows e.g. B. at a system pressure of 10 bar and ambient temperature a measurement resolution in the ppm range. Such a calorific value counter allows z. B. the determination of the calorific value of natural gas or town gas, which is provided to firing and heating plants and is often supplied and / or billed by the suppliers via the calorific value as a calculation unit.

Ein solches System kann mit einer in den Heizwertzähler integrierten Steuereinheit zur geeig­ neten Steuerung von Regelkomponenten zusätzlich auch zur Regelung des Heizwertes allge­ mein bzw. auf einen vorgegebenen (z. B. optimierten) Wert hin eingesetzt werden.Such a system can be used with a control unit integrated in the calorific value counter Neten control of control components in addition to regulating the calorific value in general my or a predetermined (e.g. optimized) value.

Claims (3)

1. Heizwertzähler, der mit Laserdioden und geeignetem Detektionssystem aufgebaut und auf dem physikalischen Grundprinzip der Ramen-Streuung beruhend in geeigneten, ausgewählten Detektionsfeldern (Wellenlängen- bzw. Frequenzbändern) die zur Berechnung des Heizwertes einer Brennstoffmischung notwendigen Konzentrationen bzw. Molzahlen (Molenbruch, Molan­ teil) der gasförmigen Einzelkomponenten bestimmt.1. Calorific value counter, which is built up with laser diodes and a suitable detection system based on the basic physical principle of ramen scattering in suitable, selected ones Detection fields (wavelength or frequency bands) for calculating the calorific value concentrations or mole numbers necessary for a fuel mixture (mole fraction, molane part) of the gaseous individual components. 2. Heizwertzähler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser mit einer integrierten Rechnereinheit den Heizwert nume­ risch bestimmt.2. calorific value counter according to claim 1, characterized in that this with an integrated computer unit the heating value number risch determined. 3. Heizwertzähler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser mit einer integrierten Steuereinheit zur geeigneten Steuerung von Regelkomponen­ ten die zunächst vorliegende Gasmischung in ihrer Zusammensetzung (Konzentrationsanteile) und/oder in ihrem Heizwert beliebig bzw. auf einem vorgegebenen Wert hin ändern kann.3. calorific value counter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, that this with an integrated control unit for suitable control of control components the composition of the gas mixture initially present (concentration components) and / or can change its calorific value as desired or to a predetermined value.
DE1997102006 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Calorific meter with laser diodes and suitable detection system using Raman scattering Ceased DE19702006A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997102006 DE19702006A1 (en) 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Calorific meter with laser diodes and suitable detection system using Raman scattering

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997102006 DE19702006A1 (en) 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Calorific meter with laser diodes and suitable detection system using Raman scattering

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE19702006A1 true DE19702006A1 (en) 1998-07-23

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DE1997102006 Ceased DE19702006A1 (en) 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Calorific meter with laser diodes and suitable detection system using Raman scattering

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10124235B4 (en) * 2001-05-18 2004-08-12 Esytec Energie- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Method and device for the comprehensive characterization and control of the exhaust gas and the control of engines, especially internal combustion engines, and of components of the exhaust gas aftertreatment
EP2685240A1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-15 Honeywell International Inc. Servo gauge using raman spectroscopy for storage tank applications

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10124235B4 (en) * 2001-05-18 2004-08-12 Esytec Energie- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Method and device for the comprehensive characterization and control of the exhaust gas and the control of engines, especially internal combustion engines, and of components of the exhaust gas aftertreatment
US7084963B2 (en) 2001-05-18 2006-08-01 Esytec Energie- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Method and device for the comprehensive characterization and monitoring of exhaust gases and the regulation of engines in particular internal combustion engines and components for the treatment of exhaust gas
US7480044B2 (en) 2001-05-18 2009-01-20 Esytec Energie—und Systemtechnik GmbH Method and device for comprehensive characterization and monitoring of exhaust gas and control of engines, and components for aftertreatment of exhaust gases
EP2685240A1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-15 Honeywell International Inc. Servo gauge using raman spectroscopy for storage tank applications

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