DE19640054A1 - Di:nucleotide(s) with modified base, sugar and phosphate groups - Google Patents

Di:nucleotide(s) with modified base, sugar and phosphate groups

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Publication number
DE19640054A1
DE19640054A1 DE1996140054 DE19640054A DE19640054A1 DE 19640054 A1 DE19640054 A1 DE 19640054A1 DE 1996140054 DE1996140054 DE 1996140054 DE 19640054 A DE19640054 A DE 19640054A DE 19640054 A1 DE19640054 A1 DE 19640054A1
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Prior art keywords
hiv
allyl
och3
dinucleotides
sugar
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DE1996140054
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German (de)
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Eckart Dr Matthes
Martin Von Dr Janta-Lipinski
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Max Delbrueck Centrum fuer Molekulare in der Helmholtz Gemeinschaft
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Max Delbrueck Centrum fuer Molekulare in der Helmholtz Gemeinschaft
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Priority to DE1996140054 priority Critical patent/DE19640054A1/en
Publication of DE19640054A1 publication Critical patent/DE19640054A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H21/00Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

Dinucleotides with modified base, sugar and phosphate groups of formula (I) are new. R1, R6 = NH2, N3, OMe, allyl, OH, H or F; R2, R5 = O or NH; provided that when R5 is NH then R2 is not NH; and when R2 is NH, then R5 is not NH and R1 is not NH2; and R3 = OH; R4 = H, SH or Me.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Dinucleotide, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwen­ dung als pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe bzw. Mittel zur Prophylaxe und/oder Behand­ lung von Infektionen, die insbesondere durch die Human Immunodeficiency Viren (HIV), bzw. die Hepatitis-B Viren verursacht sind.The invention relates to dinucleotides, processes for their preparation and their uses dung as active pharmaceutical ingredients or agents for prophylaxis and / or treatment infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or the hepatitis B viruses are caused.

AIDS ist eine durch HIV verursachte, weltweit stark zunehmende Infektionskrankheit, an der viele Millionen Menschen leiden und für die es keine effektive Chemotherapie gibt. Mit den bisher zur Verfügung stehenden Arzneimitteln, wie Azidothymidin (AzT), Didesoxycytidin(ddC) und Didesoxyinosin(ddI) ist es zwar gelungen, den tödlichen Krankheitsverlauf zu verzögern, eine Heilung konnte damit aber nicht erreicht werden.AIDS is an infectious disease caused by HIV and growing rapidly worldwide, suffering from millions of people and for whom there is no effective chemotherapy gives. With the drugs available so far, such as azidothymidine (AzT), Dideoxycytidine (ddC) and dideoxyinosine (ddI) have managed to kill the deadly To delay the course of the disease, but a cure could not be achieved.

Angriffspunkt dieser Nucleosidanaloga ist die viruseigene Polymerase (HIV-RT), deren effektive Hemmung zu einer Unterdrückung der Virusvermehrung führt. In den letzten Jahren ist klar geworden, daß die genannten Nucleosidanaloga gegenüber den HIV-In­ fektionen beim Menschen zunächst durchaus wirksam sind, doch ihre Wirksamkeit nach kurzer Zeit verlieren. Ursache dafür ist das schnelle Auftreten von Virusmutanten, deren Polymerase dem Angriff dieser Hemmstoffe widerstehen (1).The target of these nucleoside analogs is the virus' own polymerase (HIV-RT), whose effective inhibition leads to suppression of virus replication. In the last Years it has become clear that the nucleoside analogues mentioned against HIV-In infections are initially quite effective in humans, but their effectiveness lose after a short time. The reason for this is the rapid appearance of virus mutants, whose polymerase resists attack by these inhibitors (1).

Ein ganz entscheidenden Fortschritt bedeutet daher die Einführung einer Kombi­ nationstherapie mit mehreren Wirkstoffen (Triplex-, Quadruplextherapie), zu denen neben Hemmstoffen der HIV-RT, wie z. B. AzT und das neuentwickelte 3′-Thiacytidin auch nicht-nucleosidische Inhibitoren der HIV-RT (NNRTI; z. B. Nevirapin) und die hochwirksamen Hemmstoffe der viralen Protease (z. B. Saquinavir, Ritonavir, Indina­ vir) gehören (2).A very important step forward is the introduction of a station wagon national therapy with several active substances (triplex, quadruplex therapy), to which in addition to HIV-RT inhibitors, such as. B. AzT and the newly developed 3'-thiacytidine also non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-RT (NNRTI; e.g. nevirapine) and the highly effective inhibitors of the viral protease (e.g. saquinavir, ritonavir, indina vir) belong to (2).

Obwohl sich die Langzeitwirkungen solcher Therapieansätze bisher noch nicht ein­ schätzen lassen, kann aus den bisherigen Ergebnissen geschlossen werden, daß die Virusvermehrung für die Dauer der etwa 1-jährigen Therapie zur völligen Virusfreiheit (Virus-RNA) führt, diese Therapie besser verträglich ist und das Auftreten von Mutan­ ten offenbar dadurch stark herbgesetzt werden kann.Although the long-term effects of such therapeutic approaches have not yet been identified can be concluded from the results so far that the Virus propagation for the duration of the approximately 1-year therapy for complete freedom from viruses (Virus RNA) leads, this therapy is better tolerated and the occurrence of mutan apparently can be severely affected by this.

In dieser Situation ist es von großer Bedeutung die Kombinationstherapie durch neue wirksame Hemmstoffe gegen bisher nicht untersuchter viraler Targets zu ergänzen.In this situation it is very important to use combination therapy with new ones to supplement effective inhibitors against viral targets that have not yet been investigated.

Ein solches Target ist die virale RNAse H, eine Enzymaktivität, die mit der Funktion der HIV-RT verknüpft ist. Die Gesamtfunktion dieses Enzymkomplexes besteht in der Herstellung einer doppelsträngigen DNA aus der einsträngigen viralen RNA. Sobald die HIV-RT mit der Synthese des DNA-Stranges an der RNA begonnen hat, wird die RNA in diesem RNA-DNA-Hybrid durch die RNAse H gespalten. Dieser Vorgang ist die Voraussetzung dafür, daß ein virale Doppelstrang DNA entstehen kann. Unterbleibt diese Spaltung der viralen RNA ist die Synthese des zweiten DNA-Stranges nicht mehr möglich, die HIV-Replikation ist unterbrochen. One such target is viral RNAse H, an enzyme activity that works with the the HIV-RT is linked. The overall function of this enzyme complex consists in the Production of a double-stranded DNA from the single-stranded viral RNA. As soon as the HIV-RT has started the synthesis of the DNA strand on the RNA, the RNA in this RNA-DNA hybrid was cleaved by RNAse H. This process is the prerequisite for the creation of a viral double strand of DNA. Is omitted this cleavage of the viral RNA is no longer the synthesis of the second strand of DNA possible, HIV replication is interrupted.  

Wirksame und anwendbare Hemmstoffe der RNAse H gibt es bisher nicht. Obwohl sich mit Polyanionen, wie z. B. Heparin und Dextransulfat dieses Enzym hocheffektiv hemmen läßt (3), ist ihre therapeutische Anwendung ausgeschlossen, da sie aufgrund ihrer Ladung Zellmembranen nicht passieren können. Die Monophosphate von AZT, 3′-Aminothymidin, 2′,3′- Didesoxyadenosin und 2′,3′-Didesoxyguanosin, die als Nucleoside die Zellmembranen passieren können und erst intrazellulär zu den Mono­ phosphaten umgesetzt werden, haben sich im Gegensatz dazu als nur schwache Hemm­ stoffe der RNAse H erwiesen (4, 5).So far there are no effective and applicable inhibitors of RNAse H. Although with polyanions, such as. B. heparin and dextran sulfate this enzyme highly effective inhibits (3), their therapeutic use is excluded because they are due their charge cannot pass through cell membranes. AZT's monophosphates, 3'-aminothymidine, 2 ', 3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2', 3'-dideoxyguanosine, which as Nucleosides that can pass through cell membranes and only intracellularly to the mono In contrast, phosphates have been shown to be only a weak inhibitor RNAse H substances have been proven (4, 5).

Die HBV sind das auslösende Agens für die Hepatitis B, einer Infektionskrankheit, von der weltweit etwa 200 Millionen Menschen betroffen sind und deren chronische Form mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ein primäres Leber-Carcinom verbunden ist. Eine wirk­ same und verträgliche antiviraler Therapie fehlt bisher. Einzig für das erwähnte 3′-Thia­ cytidin, das Penciclovir und für das Interferon α scheinen sich neuerdings Behandlungs­ erfolge abzuzeichnen (6, 7, 8).HBV is the trigger agent for hepatitis B, an infectious disease which affects around 200 million people worldwide and their chronic form is associated with an increased risk of primary liver carcinoma. An effective one same and tolerable antiviral therapy has so far been lacking. Only for the 3′-thia mentioned cytidine, the penciclovir and for the interferon α seem to be treatment recently to mark successes (6, 7, 8).

Ähnlich wie die HIV besitzen die HBV eine eigene RNAse H Aktivität, die eine ver­ gleichbare Funktion bei der HBV-Replikation ausübt wie die RNAse H bei der HIV-Re­ plikation: Sie hat eine zunächst hergestelltes RNA-DNA-Hybrid zu spalten, damit ei­ ne doppelsträngige DNA hergestellt werden kann. Gelingt es, ihre Funktion auszuschal­ ten, können keine neuen Viren mehr synthetisiert werden. Solche Hemmstoffe der RNAse H der HBV gibt es bisher noch nicht.Similar to HIV, HBV have their own RNAse H activity, which ver has the same function in HBV replication as RNAse H in HIV-Re plication: It has to split an RNA-DNA hybrid that was initially produced so that ne double-stranded DNA can be produced. It succeeds in stripping its function new viruses can no longer be synthesized. Such inhibitors of So far there is no RNAse H from HBV.

Wir haben überraschend gefunden, daß Dinucleotide mit modifizierten Basen-, Zucker- und Phosphatanteil starke und selektive Hemmstoffe der RNAse H der HIV und der HBV sind und die Replikation der HIV und HBV in Zellkulturen wirksam unterdrüc­ ken können und sich damit für eine Einzel- als auch eine Kombinationstherapie von HIV- und IIBV-Infektionen eignen. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte mit den kurzlich be­ schriebenen Nucleotiddimeren und Monomeren die HIV-Replikation in der Zellkultur nicht gehemmt werden (9). We have surprisingly found that dinucleotides with modified bases, sugars and phosphate content strong and selective inhibitors of RNAse H HIV and HIV HBV and effectively suppress the replication of HIV and HBV in cell cultures and can therefore opt for individual as well as combination therapy of HIV and IIBV infections are suitable. In contrast, with the be wrote nucleotide dimers and monomers of HIV replication in cell culture not be inhibited (9).  

Literaturliterature

1. Boucher, C., Larder, B. HIV Variation: Consequences for Antiviral Therapy and Disease Progresssion. Reviews in Medical Virology 1995, 5, 7-21.
2. Mellors, J. W. Closing in on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. Nature Medicine, 1996, 2, 274-275.
3. Mölling, K., Schulze, T., and Diringer, H. Inhibiton of Human Inimunodeficiency Virus-Type1 RNAse H by Sulfated Polyanions. Journal of Virology, 1989, 63, 5489-5491.
4. Tan, C-K., Civil, R., Mian, A. M., So, A. G., and Downey, K. M. Inhibition of the RNAse H Activity of HIV Reverse Transcriptase by Azidothymidylate. Biochemistry, 1991, 30, 4831-4835.
5. Zhan, X., Tan, C-K., Scott, W. A., Mian, A. M., Downey, K. M., and So, A. G. Catalytically Distinct Conformations of The Ribonuclease H of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Substrate Cleveage Patterns and Inhibition by Azidothymidylate and N-Ethylmaleimide. Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 1366-1372.
6. Dienstag, J. L., Perrillo, R. P., Schiff, E. R., Bartholomew, M., Vicary, C., and Rubin, M. A. Preliminary Trial of Lamivudine for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. New England Journal of Medicine 1995, 333, 1657-1661.
7. De-Man, R. A., Heÿtink, R. A., Niesters, H. G., Schalm, S. W. New Developments in Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Suppl. 1995, 221, 100-104.
8. Wong, D. K. H., Cheung, A. M., O′Rourke, K., Naylor, C. D., Detsky, A. S., and Heathcote, J. Effect of Alpha Interferon Treatment in Patients With Hepatitis B e-Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B. Annals of Internal Medicine 1993, 119, 312-323.
9. Allen, S. J. W., Krawczyk, S. H., McGee, L. R., Bischofberger, N., and Cherrington, J. M. Inhibition of HIV-1 RNase H Activity by Nucleotide Dimers and Monomers. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, 1996, 7, 37-45.
1. Boucher, C., Larder, B. HIV Variation: Consequences for Antiviral Therapy and Disease Progresssion. Reviews in Medical Virology 1995, 5, 7-21.
2. Mellors, JW Closing in on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. Nature Medicine, 1996, 2, 274-275.
3. Mölling, K., Schulze, T., and Diringer, H. Inhibiton of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type1 RNAse H by Sulfated Polyanions. Journal of Virology, 1989, 63, 5489-5491.
4. Tan, CK., Civil, R., Mian, AM, So, AG, and Downey, KM Inhibition of the RNAse H Activity of HIV Reverse Transcriptase by Azidothymidylate. Biochemistry, 1991, 30, 4831-4835.
5. Zhan, X., Tan, CK., Scott, WA, Mian, AM, Downey, KM, and So, AG Catalytically Distinct Conformations of The Ribonuclease H of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Substrate Cleveage Patterns and Inhibition by Azidothymidylate and N-ethylmaleimides. Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 1366-1372.
6. Tuesday, JL, Perrillo, RP, Schiff, ER, Bartholomew, M., Vicary, C., and Rubin, MA Preliminary Trial of Lamivudine for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. New England Journal of Medicine 1995, 333, 1657-1661.
7. De-Man, RA, Heÿtink, RA, Niesters, HG, Schalm, SW New Developments in Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Suppl. 1995, 221, 100-104.
8. Wong, DKH, Cheung, AM, O'Rourke, K., Naylor, CD, Detsky, AS, and Heathcote, J. Effect of Alpha Interferon Treatment in Patients With Hepatitis B e-Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B. Annals of Internal Medicine 1993, 119, 312-323.
9. Allen, SJW, Krawczyk, SH, McGee, LR, Bischofberger, N., and Cherrington, JM Inhibition of HIV-1 RNase H Activity by Nucleotide Dimers and Monomers. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, 1996, 7, 37-45.

Claims (3)

1. Dinucleotide der allgemeinen Formel: in der
R₁ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, Allyl, OH, H, F,
R₂= O, NH, wenn R₅ = NH, dann R₂ ≠ NH,
R₃ = OH,
R₄ = H, SH, CH₃,
R₅ = O, NH, wenn R₂ = NH, dann R₅ ≠ NH und R₁ ≠ NH₂,
R₆ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, Allyl, OH, H, F
bedeuten.
1. Dinucleotides of the general formula: in the
R₁ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, allyl, OH, H, F,
R₂ = O, NH, if R₅ = NH, then R₂ ≠ NH,
R₃ = OH,
R₄ = H, SH, CH₃,
R₅ = O, NH, if R₂ = NH, then R₅ ≠ NH and R₁ ≠ NH₂,
R₆ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, allyl, OH, H, F
mean.
2. Verwendung eines oder mehrerer der unter Punkt 1 genannten Dinucleotide zusam­ men mit üblichen Trägern und Verdünnungsmitteln zur Prophylaxe und/oder Be­ handlung von durch HIV oder HBV hervorgerufenen Infektionen.2. Use of one or more of the dinucleotides mentioned under point 1 together men with conventional carriers and diluents for prophylaxis and / or loading action of infections caused by HIV or HBV. 3. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Dinucleotide der allgemeinem Formel: in der
R₁ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, Allyl, OH, H, F,
R₂= O, NH, wenn R₅ = NH, dann R₂ ≠ NH
R₃ = OH,
R₄ = H, SH, CH₃,
R⁵ = O, NH, wenn R₂ = NH, dann R₅ ≠ NH und R₁ ≠ NH₂,
R₆ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, Allyl, OH, H, F
bedeuten,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels eines automatisierten DNA-Synthesizers ein an einer festen Phase (solid support) gebundenes, entsprechend geschütztes Nucleosid (5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl, 2′-Trifluoracetylamino, 2′-tertiäres-Butyldimethylsilyl, 2′-tri-Iso­ ropylsilyl, N-Benzoyladein, N-Benzoylcytosin, Isobutyrylguanin) mit einem ent­ sprechend geschützten 3′-(2-Cyanooethyl)-phosphoramidit zur Reaktion gebracht wird.
3. Process for the preparation of the dinucleotides of the general formula: in the
R₁ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, allyl, OH, H, F,
R₂ = O, NH, if R₅ = NH, then R₂ ≠ NH
R₃ = OH,
R₄ = H, SH, CH₃,
R⁵ = O, NH, if R₂ = NH, then R₅ ≠ NH and R₁ ≠ NH₂,
R₆ = NH₂, N₃, OCH₃, allyl, OH, H, F
mean,
characterized in that by means of an automated DNA synthesizer bound to a solid phase (solid support), appropriately protected nucleoside (5'-O-dimethoxytrityl, 2'-trifluoroacetylamino, 2'-tertiary-butyldimethylsilyl, 2'-tri-iso ropylsilyl, N-benzoyladeine, N-benzoylcytosine, isobutyrylguanine) is reacted with an appropriately protected 3 '- (2-cyanooethyl) phosphoramidite.
DE1996140054 1996-09-30 1996-09-30 Di:nucleotide(s) with modified base, sugar and phosphate groups Withdrawn DE19640054A1 (en)

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