DE1951137A1 - Inductive approach initiator - Google Patents
Inductive approach initiatorInfo
- Publication number
- DE1951137A1 DE1951137A1 DE19691951137 DE1951137A DE1951137A1 DE 1951137 A1 DE1951137 A1 DE 1951137A1 DE 19691951137 DE19691951137 DE 19691951137 DE 1951137 A DE1951137 A DE 1951137A DE 1951137 A1 DE1951137 A1 DE 1951137A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oscillator
- voltage
- transistor
- circuit
- base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/95—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
- H03K17/952—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using inductive coils
- H03K17/9537—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using inductive coils in a resonant circuit
- H03K17/9542—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using inductive coils in a resonant circuit forming part of an oscillator
- H03K17/9547—Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using inductive coils in a resonant circuit forming part of an oscillator with variable amplitude
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/023—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring distance between sensor and object
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
- H01R4/2416—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having insulation-cutting edges, e.g. of tuning fork type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/14—Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
- H03K17/725—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for ac voltages or currents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
- H03K17/73—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for dc voltages or currents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Description
ROBERT BUCK MESSTECHNIK +AUTOMATIONROBERT BUCK MEASURING TECHNOLOGY + AUTOMATION
Beratender \ / j~\ ΓΖ Ingenieur V LJ L_Consulting \ / j ~ \ ΓΖ Engineer V LJ L_
ING CORADOROBERT BUCKVDE. 7992 TETTNANGING CORADOROBERT BUCKVDE. 7992 TETTNANG
An das Deutsche PatentamtTo the German Patent Office
8 München 2 8 Munich 2
Zweibrüekenstr. 12Zweibrüekenstrasse 12th
Ing. grad.Robert Buck 8990 Enzisweiler
Torkelweg 4 .
Telefon 08382/4362Graduate engineer Robert Buck 8990 Enzisweiler Torkelweg 4.
Telephone 08382/4362
Postscheck Stuttgart 152354 Volksbank Tettnang 29 92Postal check Stuttgart 152354 Volksbank Tettnang 29 92
rhr<3 Zeichenrhr <3 characters
Ihre NachrichtYour message
Mein ZeichenMy sign
Bu-AsBu-As
Tettnang/Württ.,Tettnang / Württ.,
4. Oktober 19694th October 1969
P a t entanmeldungP ate nt registration
Induktiver AnnäherungainitiatorInductive proximity initiator
Erfinder; Ing. grad. Robert Bu c k 8990 Lindau-Enzisweiler IDorkelweg 4 Inventor ; Ing.grad. Robert Bu ck 8990 Lindau-Enzisweiler IDorkelweg 4
Anmelder: Ing«gradoRobert Buck VDE Meaatechnik + Automation 8990 Lindau-Enzisweiler Torkelweg 4, iel.4362 Applicant: Ing "degree o Robert Buck VDE Meaatechnik + Automation 8990 Lindau Enzisweiler Torkelweg 4, iel.4362
Beschreibung : Description :
Die Erfindung betrifft einen, induktiven Annäherungeinitiatort der sich besonders durch hohe Temperaturfestigkeit, kleine und veränderbare Schalthysterese und sehr Leistungsaufnahme auszeichnet.The invention relates to an inductive proximity switch which is particularly characterized by high temperature stability, small and variable switching hysteresis and very high power consumption.
Ϊ0982Θ/0817Ϊ0982Θ / 0817
ÖAD ORIGINAl.ÖAD ORIGINAL.
ROBERT BUCKROBERT BUCK
MESSTECHNIK+AUTOMATlO NMEASURING TECHNOLOGY + AUTOMATlO N
Dadurch wurde es ermöglicht, einen induktiven Schalter für Netzspannungsbetrieb in 2-Leiter-Technik zu konstruieren, der in Serie und auch parallel mit anderen induktiven Näherungsschaltern, oder auch Kontakten geschaltet werden kann und ein äusserst günstiges Verhältnis zwischen Niederohmigkeit im geschalteten und Hochohmigkeit in gesperrtem Zustand auf v/eist. Durch die Möglichkeit, die Schalthysterese zu verändern, kann man den Näherungsinitiator mit vergrösserter Hysterese als Endschalter auch dort einsetzen, wo das sich annähernde Metall in mechanische Schwingungen geraten kann, Doppelimpulse (z.B. für Zählaufgaben) aber vermieden werden müssen. Mit dem Schaltungsprinzip wird auch ein beruhrungsloser Annäherungsinitiator verwirklicht, der am Ausgang eine annähernd proportionale Spannung zum Abstand des den Oszillator dämpfenden Material? abgibt.This made it possible to use an inductive switch for mains voltage operation in 2-wire technology construct that in series and also in parallel with other inductive proximity switches, or contacts can be switched and an extremely favorable ratio between low resistance in the switched and High resistance in the blocked state on v / eist. Through the Possibility to change the switching hysteresis, you can use the proximity switch with increased hysteresis as Use limit switches where the approaching metal can vibrate mechanically, double impulses (e.g. for counting tasks) but must be avoided. With the circuit principle, there is also a contactless one Realized proximity initiator, the output an approximately proportional voltage to the distance of the Oscillator damping material? gives away.
Stand der Techniki State of the art i
Für induktive Annäherungsschalter wird ein frei schwingender Oszillator verwendet, dessen Schwingkreisspule aus einem magnetisch offenen Kern besteht. Durch Annähern von elektrisch leitendem Material an den offenen Kern wird die Dämpfung des Schwingkreises so stark erhöht, dass der Oszillator zu schwingen aufhört· Die Änderung der Stromaufnahme des Oszillators zwischen schwingendem und nicht schwingendem Zustand löst einen Schaltvorgang aus. Die. Schalthysterese bei solchen Systemen ist Undefiniert und auch nicht beeinflussbar. Auch können solche Systeme keine, dem Schaltabstand proportionale Ausgangsspannung abgeben. Es sind auch Näherungsschalter mit selbstschwingenden Oszillatoren bekannt, welche ein Hochfrequenzaignal liefern, das gleichgerichtet werden kann. Diese bisher bekannten Oszillatoren haben jedoch einen hohen Leistungsbedarf, sind in der Schalthysterese nicht beeinflussbar und können deshalb für induktive Schalter imA freely oscillating one is used for inductive proximity switches Oscillator used whose oscillating circuit coil consists of a magnetically open core. By approaching electrically conductive material to the open core, the damping of the resonant circuit increases so much that the Oscillator stops oscillating · The change in current consumption of the oscillator between the oscillating and non-oscillating state triggers a switching process. The. Switching hysteresis in such systems is undefined and also not influenceable. Such systems can also no output voltage proportional to the switching distance hand over. Proximity switches with self-oscillating oscillators are also known which generate a high-frequency signal deliver that can be rectified. However, these previously known oscillators have a high Power requirement cannot be influenced in the switching hysteresis and can therefore be used for inductive switches im
- 3 ~ ' 109820/0811 - 3 ~ ' 109820/0811
BAD ORIGINALBATH ORIGINAL
ROBERT BUCK ^..ROBERT BUCK ^ ..
MESSTECHNIK+AUTOMATION- 1QR11Q7MEASURING TECHNOLOGY + AUTOMATION- 1QR11Q7
2-Leiter-Verfahren, wegen tier Forderung eines guten Verhältnisses zwischen riochohmi^gkeit im ausgeschalteten und Niederohmigkeit im eingeschalteten Zustand nicht verwendet werden. Beim 2-Leiter Verfahren wird der induktive Näherungsschalter wie z.B0 ein Relais-Kontakt in Serie zur Last geschaltet. Die zum Betrieb des Gerätes nötige Energie muss im.offenen Zustand durch unvollständiges Öffnen und im geschlossenen Zustand durch unvollständiges Sehliessen des Schalters gewonnen werden. 2-wire method, due to the requirement of a good ratio between riochohmi ^ gkeit when switched off and low resistance when switched on, not be used. In the 2-wire method of inductive proximity switches as 0 switched eg a relay contact in series with the load. The energy required to operate the device must be obtained in the open state through incomplete opening and in the closed state through incomplete closing of the switch.
Punktion:
Älliieme'inesPuncture:
All the same
nach Bild 1according to picture 1
Das Gerät be steht Yeois einem Oszillator mit Gleichrichter ta der die erwähnten Besonderheiten aufweist, einer Schaltstufe 1b welche die zum Näherungsinitiator in Reihe geschaltete Last ein- und ausschaltet und gleichzeitig die für den Oszillator nötige Betriebsspannung zur Verfügung stellt. Beim Betrieb mit ,Vechselspannung wird dem Gerät ein Graetzgleichrichter Gr vorgeschaltet, während beim Betrieb mit Gleichspannung die Schaltstufe direkt den Ausgang Schaltet, wird ein Ausgangssignal gefordert welches praktisch vollkommen gegen den Schaltungsnullpunkt schaltet, so wird die modifizierte Schmitt-Trigger-Schaltung nach 2a oder 2b verwendet.The device be available Yeois an oscillator with a rectifier ta which has the special features mentioned, a switching stage 1b which switches the load connected in series with the proximity switch on and off and at the same time the provides the operating voltage required for the oscillator. When operating with AC voltage, the device a Graetz rectifier Gr connected upstream, while at Operation with direct voltage the switching stage directly Output Switches when an output signal is requested which switches practically completely against the circuit zero point, so becomes the modified Schmitt trigger circuit used after 2a or 2b.
1. Oszillatorschaltung:1. Oscillator circuit :
Der Oszillator besteht aus dem Transistor TT,dem Schwingkreis L1ü, der Rüekkopplungsspule L2t welche das durch einen Spannungsteiler Rt G2 R2 erzeugte Gleichspannungspotential für den richtigen Arbeitspunkt des Transistors TI und gleichzeitig die rückgekoppelte Schwingung auf die Basis des Transistors überträgt* Die Spulen L1 und L2 sitzen auf dem einseitig offenen Ferritkern, der in üblicher .»eise bedampft werden kann.The oscillator consists of the transistor TT, the resonant circuit L1ü, the feedback coil L2 t, which transmits the direct voltage potential generated by a voltage divider Rt G2 R2 for the correct operating point of the transistor TI and at the same time the feedback oscillation to the base of the transistor * The coils L1 and L2 sit on the ferrite core, which is open on one side and which can be steamed in the usual way.
: ■....-.■■. _ 4 _ . T0982Ö/0817: ■ ....-. ■■. _ 4 _ . T0982Ö / 0817
ROBERT BUCKROBERT BUCK
MESSTECHNIK+ AUTOMATION 1951137MEASURING TECHNOLOGY + AUTOMATION 1951137
Im Emitter-Kreis des Oszillators, befinden sich die Widerstände- R3, R4 und H5. Die Grosse des Gesamt-Einitter-Widerständes bestimmt den Verstärkungsfaktor des Transistors und damit die Empfindlichkeit des Näherungsschalters. Der Widerstand K5 ist ein temperaturabhängiger "Widerstand (NTC) und kompensiert somit die thermisch bedingte Empfindlichkeitsänderung des Ferritkerns ο Die Schalthysterese kann durch Zuschalten eines Widerstandes R6 über die Diode Dt im schwingenden Zustand des Oszillators und abschalten des Widerstandes R6 im nicht schwingenden Zustand bestimmt werden. Ist der Widerstand Rb eingeschaltet, so ist die Verstärkung V des Transistors gross, da die Verstärkung V annähernd gleich dem Verhältnis von Kollektorwiderstand = .Schwingkreiswiderstand RK zu Emitterwiderstand RE ist«The resistors R3, R4 and H5 are located in the emitter circuit of the oscillator. The size of the total one-emitter resistance determines the gain factor of the transistor and thus the sensitivity of the proximity switch. The resistor K5 is a temperature-dependent "resistor (NTC) and thus compensates for the thermally induced change in sensitivity of the ferrite core ο The switching hysteresis can be determined by connecting a resistor R6 via the diode Dt in the oscillating state of the oscillator and switching off the resistor R6 in the non-oscillating state. If the resistor Rb is switched on, the gain V of the transistor is high, since the gain V is approximately equal to the ratio of collector resistance = resonant circuit resistance RK to emitter resistance RE «
.RE.RE
Grosse Verstärkung bedeutet, dass der Oszillator stark bedämpft werden muss, bis er aufhört zu schwingen, dass also der Schaltabstand relativ kurz ist. Schal tabs tc..nd a ist eine Funktion von der Verstärkung V-Big gain means that the oscillator has to be attenuated heavily until it stops oscillating so the switching distance is relatively short. Scarf tabs tc..nd a is a function of the gain V-
S= f (V)S = f (V)
Durch die Grosse des' Widerstandes Rb wird die Grosse der Schalthysterese durch Änderung der Empfindlichkeit zwischen geschaltetem und nicht geschaltetem Zustand direkt festgelegt. Die Oszillatorschwingung wird am Kollektor des Transistors T1 über einen Kondensator C3 abgegriffen und durch einen als Diode geschalteten Transistor gleichgerichtet. Die Glättung geschieht durch eine nachgeschaltete Emitter-Folgestufe mit Ladekondensator im Emitter-Kreis. Es wurde erreicht, dass der Oszillator sehr dämpfungsfrei schwingt. Wesentlich für das dämpfungsfreie Schwingen sind massgebend die Gleichrichtung der Oszillator-The size of the resistance Rb becomes the size the switching hysteresis by changing the sensitivity between the switched and unswitched state set directly. The oscillator oscillation is at the collector of the transistor T1 via a capacitor C3 tapped and rectified by a transistor connected as a diode. The smoothing happens through a downstream emitter stage with a charging capacitor in the emitter circuit. It was achieved that the oscillator is very free of attenuation swings. Essential for vibration-free swinging the rectification of the oscillator
■■■■'.■ " ■ . ■;■'■■" - 5 -■■■■ '. ■ "■. ■; ■' ■■" - 5 -
109820/0817109820/0817
6AD ORIGINAL6AD ORIGINAL
ROBERT BUCK MESSTECHNIK+ AUTOMATIONROBERT BUCK MEASURING TECHNOLOGY + AUTOMATION
sehwingung durch die Kollektror-Basis-Strecke eines i'ransistors, die Schaltung des Schwingkreises im Kollektorkreis,wodurch die Spannungsüberhöhung am Scnwingkreis ausgenutzt werden kann, und die Ansteuerung der Basis direkt von der Rückkopplungswicklung, otiTie dämpf enden Basis-i-.bleixn/viderstand.visual oscillation through the collector-base segment of a i'ransistors, the circuit of the resonant circuit in the Collector circuit, whereby the voltage increase on the resonant circuit can be used, and the control the base directly from the feedback winding, otiTie dampening base i-.bleixn / resistance.
Der Oszillator hat dadurch im entdämpften Zustand·einen hohen Verstärkungsfaktor V, soduss -das Produkt Rückkopplungsfaktor K mal Verstärkungsfaktor V sehr gross ist, z.B.As a result, the oscillator has an in the undamped state high amplification factor V, so -the product feedback factor K times the gain factor V is very large, e.g.
K * V > 50K * V> 50
Durch Annäherung von Metallen ändert sich dann das Produkt K*V durch verringern von V bis K*V=1 wird. In diesem «xigenolick setzt die Schwingung aus. Kin solcher Oszillator schwingt sehr rasch an, hat sehr freringe Hysterese, falls nicht die Hysterese absichtlich verfirössert wird, < 0,01 mm und ist ausserat temperaturs tr,· nil.When metals approach, the product K * V changes by decreasing V until K * V = 1. In This xigenolick exposes the vibration. Such an oscillator starts to oscillate very quickly and has very little hysteresis, unless the hysteresis is intentional is removed, <0.01 mm and is out of temperature tr, nil.
Bild '5 zeigt den bereits erwähnten Näherungsinitiator, der eine Spannung abgibt, welche in einem festen Verhältnis zum abstand des den Oszillator dämpfenden Materials steht. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die beeinflussung des Emitterwiderstandes in Abhängigkeit von der Amplitude des Oszillators nicht wie zur Erzeugung der Hysterese im Sinne einer Rückkopplung, sondern als Ge^enKopplung arbeitet.Figure 5 shows the already mentioned proximity switch, which gives off a voltage which is in a fixed ratio the distance between the material damping the oscillator. This is achieved by the influence of the emitter resistance as a function of the amplitude of the oscillator not as for generation the hysteresis works in the sense of a feedback, but as a mutual coupling.
DLe Amplitude des Oszillators wird in diesem Fall durch Verpolen deo ü-leiohrichters so gleichgerichtet, dass eine negative Spannung entsteht. Diese Spannung wird über den Transistor 'i'5, der als Emitter folge geschaltet iat und der Diode D einem Ladekondensator C zugeführt. Die nun geglättete Spannung steuert das Gitter eines Peldei'feKt-'L'ransistors Έ4 dessen Kanal zwischen Emitter uni Masse geschaltet ist. Je nach anliegender Gitterspannung ändert sich der Kanalwiderstand und steuertIn this case, the amplitude of the oscillator is rectified by reversing the polarity of the deo ü-leiohrichters so that a negative voltage is created. This voltage is fed to a charging capacitor C through the transistor 'i'5, which is connected as an emitter sequence, and the diode D. The now smoothed voltage controls the grid of a Peldei'feKt-'L 'transistor Έ4 whose channel is connected between the emitter and ground. The channel resistance changes and controls depending on the applied grid voltage
■ - b -■ - b -
109820/0817109820/0817
BAD ORIGINALBATH ORIGINAL
ROBERT BUGKROBERT BUGK
MESSTECHNIK +AUTOMATION - _MEASURING TECHNOLOGY + AUTOMATION - _
* ..--■' y ο ι ι ρ / * ..-- ■ 'y ο ι ι ρ /
ο ■■■■".'ο ■■■■ ". '
so die Empf indiicnkeit des Mäherungsschalcers auf Konnte nee bchwingungsamplitude. Der abstand des den Oszillator foe^ · dämpfenden !Materials ist somit etwa proportional, zu der am Gitter des Feldeffekt-ilransistors liegenden Spannung. Die Spannung ist das ausgangssignal des Näherungsinitiators.so the sensitivity of the mower scarf to Could no vibration amplitude. The distance of the oscillator foe ^ · damping! Material is thus approximately proportional to the lying on the grid of the field effect-i l ransistors voltage. The voltage is the output signal of the proximity switch.
2» Sc.h*iltstufe;2 »Sc.h * iltstufe;
Die Schaltstufe nach Bild Ib besteht im ι esentliehen aus einem elektronischen Schalter- ES (Transistor oder Thyristor) und einer Z-Diode zur Gewinnung der Betriebsspannung für den Oszillator. Die Z-Diode ist in Reihe zum elektronischen Schalter geschaltet. Die Betrieosspannung entsteht im ausgeschalteten Zustand dn der Z-Diode ZD über den hochohmigen .»iderst^nd R7 und im einc-'escnalceOeri Zustand an der Z-Diode ZD durch den dtromfluss Jber den elektronischen Schalter ES.The switching stage according to Figure Ib consists of ι it borrowed an electronic switch ES (transistor or thyristor) and a Zener diode for generating the operating voltage for the oscillator. The Zener diode is connected in series to the electronic switch. The operational tension arises in the switched-off state dn of the Zener diode ZD over the high-resistance. »iderst ^ nd R7 and in a-'escnalceOeri State at the Zener diode ZD due to the current flow J over the electronic switch ES.
Bild 2a und 2b sind die bereits erwähnten bchaltstufen mit modifiziertem 3chmitt-'frigger. Die Besonderheit ist in beiden Fällen, dass die Funktion eines echten öchmitt-Triggers verwirklicht wird, jedoch ohne den üblichen gemeinsamen Emitterwiderstand, der ein elektrisches Durchschalten des Ausgangs bis Null (Masse) nicht zulässt. Die Rückkopplung geschieht durch einen (Viderstand R 10, Dem Prinzip nach wäre nun die Schaltung bistabil. Dadurch dass der Kollektor des 'üransistors ϊ'5 jedoch auf eine max. positive Spannung von ca. 0,7 Volt .(in diesem Fall durch die Basis des Transistors T5) begrenzt ist, kann der Basis des Transistors Ti über den Spannungsteiler R 10, R 11 nicht soviel Spannung zugeführt werden, dass der Transistor durehschaltet. Es ist somit die Funktion eines Schmitt-Triggers erreicht, dessen Schalthyscerese in weiten Grenzen von widerstand -Ε..Ί0 und R I i -geändert werden kann. ■-■■.- : ; Fig. 2a and 2b are the already mentioned switching stages with modified 3chmitt-'frigger. The specialty in both cases is that the function of a real öchmitt trigger is implemented, but without the usual common emitter resistor, which does not allow an electrical connection of the output to zero (ground). The feedback occurs through a (resistor R 10, according to the principle the circuit would now be bistable. However, because the collector of the transistor ϊ'5 is raised to a maximum positive voltage of approx. 0.7 volts. (In this case through the Base of transistor T5) is limited, the base of transistor Ti via voltage divider R 10, R 11 cannot be supplied with so much voltage that the transistor turns on. The function of a Schmitt trigger is thus achieved, the switching hysceresis of which is within wide limits of -Ε..Ί0 resistance R and I i can be -geändert ■ - ■■ .-:.;
■' ' ' .': "" ' " ," - ; '.'■;' ; ';■"■■ - 7 109820/0817 ■ '''.' : ""'"," - ; '.'■;';'; ■ "■■ - 7 109820/0817
ORIGINALORIGINAL
ROBERT BUCKROBERT BUCK
M ESSTECHNIK + AUTOMATION jq- . . _M ESSTECHNIK + AUTOMATION jq-. . _
Die Scnaltung 2b arbeitet nach, dem gleichen Prinzip wie die Schaltung 2a, die Begrenzung der rückgekoppelten Spannung geschieht hier jedoch durch den Spannungsteiler R 12, R 15 und die Diode D 1, welche den Spannungsteiler auf Null schaltet, wenn der Ausgang geschaltet hat.The circuit 2b works according to the same principle like circuit 2a, but the limitation of the feedback voltage is done here by the voltage divider R 12, R 15 and the diode D 1, which switches the voltage divider to zero when the output has switched.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691951137 DE1951137B2 (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1969-10-10 | ELECTRONIC, CONTACTLESS SWITCHING DEVICE |
CH1490670A CH521689A (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-10-08 | Electronic, contactless switching device |
CH1490770A CH521690A (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-10-08 | Electronic, contactless switching device |
CH1490870A CH514124A (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-10-08 | Electronic, contactless working distance indicator |
FR7036532A FR2065248A5 (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-10-09 | |
FR7036533A FR2065249A5 (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-10-09 | |
FR7036531A FR2065247A5 (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1970-10-09 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691951137 DE1951137B2 (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1969-10-10 | ELECTRONIC, CONTACTLESS SWITCHING DEVICE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1951137A1 true DE1951137A1 (en) | 1971-05-13 |
DE1951137B2 DE1951137B2 (en) | 1973-03-01 |
Family
ID=5747849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691951137 Pending DE1951137B2 (en) | 1969-10-10 | 1969-10-10 | ELECTRONIC, CONTACTLESS SWITCHING DEVICE |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (3) | CH521689A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1951137B2 (en) |
FR (3) | FR2065249A5 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2552310A1 (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-05-26 | Square D Co | ELECTRIC DISTANCE SWITCH |
DE2515654A1 (en) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-10-21 | Walter Dipl Ing Dr In Klaschka | Proximity switch using oscillator, demodulator and amplifier - has RC circuit connected in series with oscillator output |
DE2618163A1 (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-11-17 | Hiss Eckart | Proximity switch coil system - has coils wound with copper, connected by doubly screened cable and mounted on glued or welded flaps |
EP0087094A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-31 | i f m electronic gmbh | Electronic circuit arrangement comprising a switching device and fault indicator |
DE3331000A1 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1985-03-14 | Eckart Dr.Rer.Nat. 2300 Kiel Hiss | Bar sensor |
DE3238396C1 (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1985-11-21 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Electronic switching device, preferably operating contactlessly |
EP0298331A2 (en) | 1987-07-07 | 1989-01-11 | i f m electronic gmbh | Electronic switching device operating without contact |
DE4031252C1 (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1991-10-31 | Werner Turck Gmbh & Co Kg, 5884 Halver, De | Inductive proximity switch - detects coil induced voltage difference which is fed to input of oscillator amplifier |
US5264733A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-11-23 | Werner Turck Gmbh & Co. Kg | Inductive proximity switch |
DE4238992A1 (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-05-26 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Non-contact detection of proximity of body using electrode - using oscillator which is influenced by changing capacitance difference between one electrode and its surroundings and second electrode and its surroundings |
DE19517936C1 (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-07-25 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Contactless electronic switching device for proximity switch or current monitor |
DE19905170A1 (en) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-10 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Electronic, preferably contactless, secure polarity, two-conductor DC switchgear comprises oscillator as presence indicator and inner voltage supply circuit |
DE19906342C2 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-11-30 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Electronic, preferably non-contact switching device |
EP1978641A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2008-10-08 | Senstronic, S.A. | Method for compensation of temperature dependent variation of coil resistance and inductive proximity swich using said method |
JP5801502B1 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-10-28 | イサハヤ電子株式会社 | Latch circuit and insulation interface circuit |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2330233C3 (en) * | 1973-06-14 | 1975-12-11 | Robert 7995 Neukirch Buck | Electronic, preferably contact-free, SchaH device |
DE2330969B2 (en) * | 1973-06-18 | 1976-01-02 | Nixdorf Computer Ag, 4790 Paderborn | Circuit arrangement for generating a defined logic state, in particular for providing monitoring signals in data processing systems |
JPS50101864A (en) * | 1974-01-11 | 1975-08-12 | ||
DE2446454C2 (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1984-06-28 | Pulsotronic Merten Gmbh & Co Kg, 5270 Gummersbach | Two-pole, non-contact switching device |
DE2446578C2 (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1984-10-31 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Threshold switch controlled by optical radiation |
DE2628427C3 (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1979-06-21 | Robert 7995 Neukirch Buck | Electronic switchgear |
US4117351A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-09-26 | Rca Corporation | Transistor switching circuit |
BE870387A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1979-01-02 | Lecloux Jacques | CINETISM SWITCH |
FR2473700A1 (en) * | 1980-01-11 | 1981-07-17 | Jaeger | PROXIMITY SENSOR |
DE3004829C2 (en) * | 1980-02-09 | 1982-04-29 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Electronic, contactless switching device |
DE3111753A1 (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-10-07 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Electronic timer |
DE3427498C2 (en) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-08-07 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Electronic, preferably non-contact switching device |
DE3722335A1 (en) * | 1987-07-07 | 1989-01-19 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | ELECTRONIC, PREFERABLY CONTACTLESS SWITCHGEAR |
DE4111297C1 (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1992-06-17 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh, 4300 Essen, De | |
US5367198A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1994-11-22 | I F M Electronic Gmbh | Proximity detector with error-preventing ambient condition compensation |
DE4023529C3 (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1995-12-07 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Inductive, capacitive or optical proximity switch |
EP0461550B1 (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1996-09-04 | i f m electronic gmbh | Electronic switching apparatus with state indicator |
DE4114763C1 (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1992-11-05 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh, 4300 Essen, De | |
DE4023502A1 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-06 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Electronic switch with e.g. opto-electronic proximity sensor |
DE102015119701A1 (en) * | 2015-11-15 | 2017-05-18 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Bamberg | Method for operating a capacitive sensor arrangement of a motor vehicle |
-
1969
- 1969-10-10 DE DE19691951137 patent/DE1951137B2/en active Pending
-
1970
- 1970-10-08 CH CH1490670A patent/CH521689A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-10-08 CH CH1490770A patent/CH521690A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-10-08 CH CH1490870A patent/CH514124A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-10-09 FR FR7036533A patent/FR2065249A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-09 FR FR7036532A patent/FR2065248A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-09 FR FR7036531A patent/FR2065247A5/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2552310A1 (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-05-26 | Square D Co | ELECTRIC DISTANCE SWITCH |
DE2515654A1 (en) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-10-21 | Walter Dipl Ing Dr In Klaschka | Proximity switch using oscillator, demodulator and amplifier - has RC circuit connected in series with oscillator output |
DE2618163A1 (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-11-17 | Hiss Eckart | Proximity switch coil system - has coils wound with copper, connected by doubly screened cable and mounted on glued or welded flaps |
EP0087094A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-31 | i f m electronic gmbh | Electronic circuit arrangement comprising a switching device and fault indicator |
DE3238396C1 (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1985-11-21 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Electronic switching device, preferably operating contactlessly |
DE3331000A1 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1985-03-14 | Eckart Dr.Rer.Nat. 2300 Kiel Hiss | Bar sensor |
EP0298331A2 (en) | 1987-07-07 | 1989-01-11 | i f m electronic gmbh | Electronic switching device operating without contact |
US5264733A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-11-23 | Werner Turck Gmbh & Co. Kg | Inductive proximity switch |
DE4031252C1 (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1991-10-31 | Werner Turck Gmbh & Co Kg, 5884 Halver, De | Inductive proximity switch - detects coil induced voltage difference which is fed to input of oscillator amplifier |
DE4238992A1 (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-05-26 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Non-contact detection of proximity of body using electrode - using oscillator which is influenced by changing capacitance difference between one electrode and its surroundings and second electrode and its surroundings |
DE19517936C1 (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-07-25 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Contactless electronic switching device for proximity switch or current monitor |
DE19905170A1 (en) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-08-10 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Electronic, preferably contactless, secure polarity, two-conductor DC switchgear comprises oscillator as presence indicator and inner voltage supply circuit |
DE19906342C2 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-11-30 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Electronic, preferably non-contact switching device |
US6188213B1 (en) | 1999-02-16 | 2001-02-13 | I F M Electronic Gmbh | Electronic, preferably proximity-type, switching device |
EP1978641A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2008-10-08 | Senstronic, S.A. | Method for compensation of temperature dependent variation of coil resistance and inductive proximity swich using said method |
JP5801502B1 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-10-28 | イサハヤ電子株式会社 | Latch circuit and insulation interface circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH521690A (en) | 1972-04-15 |
FR2065248A5 (en) | 1971-07-23 |
CH514124A (en) | 1971-10-15 |
FR2065247A5 (en) | 1971-07-23 |
DE1951137B2 (en) | 1973-03-01 |
CH521689A (en) | 1972-04-15 |
FR2065249A5 (en) | 1971-07-23 |
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