DE1909744C3 - Salt pair weather explosives - Google Patents
Salt pair weather explosivesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1909744C3 DE1909744C3 DE19691909744 DE1909744A DE1909744C3 DE 1909744 C3 DE1909744 C3 DE 1909744C3 DE 19691909744 DE19691909744 DE 19691909744 DE 1909744 A DE1909744 A DE 1909744A DE 1909744 C3 DE1909744 C3 DE 1909744C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- percent
- explosive
- sieve
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 18
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanoate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 nitric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940014995 Nitroglycerin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 230000001235 sensitizing Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 231100000202 sensitizing Toxicity 0.000 claims 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide Substances O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(0) Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940044170 formate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940044172 CALCIUM FORMATE Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960004643 Cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010013911 Dysgeusia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
besteht, daß mit Gas gefüllte Spalten während einer Explosion quer über das Sprengloch verlaufen oder sich dort bilden können, besieht vorzugsweise aus 4 bis 12 Gewichtsprozent flüssigem Salpetersäureester, 25 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent Ammoniumnitrat, 14 bis 55% Natrium- oder Ammoniumchlorid und 5 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent Metallformiat. Ein entsprechender Sicherheitssprengstoff mit austauschbaren Ionen, bei dem die oxidierende Komponente mindestens zum Teil aus Natriumnitrat und das Flammenlöschmittel mindestens zum Teil aus Ammoniumchlorid besteht, besteht vorzugsweise aus 7 bis 12 Gewichtsprozent flüssigem Salpetersäureester, 4 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent Ammoniumnitrat, 20 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent Ammoniumchlorid, 25 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent Natriumnitrat und 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent Metallformiat.there is that gas-filled crevices run across the blast hole during an explosion or can form there, preferably made up of 4 to 12 percent by weight of liquid nitric acid ester, 25 to 50 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, 14 to 55% sodium or ammonium chloride and 5 to 30 weight percent metal formate. A corresponding security explosive with exchangeable ions, at the oxidizing component at least partly from sodium nitrate and the flame extinguishing agent at least consists in part of ammonium chloride, preferably consists of 7 to 12 percent by weight liquid nitric acid ester, 4 to 20 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, 20 to 40 percent by weight ammonium chloride, 25 to 45 percent by weight sodium nitrate and 5 to 20 percent by weight metal formate.
Ein empfindlicher Sprengstoff, der weniger sicher bei Verwendung in Grubengas ist, aber für das Sprengen von festen Kohlenstößen in Schlagwettergruben geeignet ist, besteht vorzugsweise aus 13 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent flüssigem Salpetersäureester, 25 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent Ammoniumnitrat, 10 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent Natrium- oder Ammoniumchlorid und 10 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent Metallformiat. Ein entsprechend empfindlicher Sprengstoff mit austauschbaren Tonen besteht vorzugsweise aus 13 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent flüssigem Salpetersäureester, 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent Ammoniumnitrat, 20 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent Ammoniumchlorid, 25 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent Natriumnitrat und 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent Metallformiat.A sensitive explosive that is less safe to use in mine gas but is safe to detonate of solid coal in firedamp pits is suitable, preferably consists of 13 to 20 percent by weight liquid nitric acid ester, 25 to 50 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, 10 to 45 percent by weight Sodium or ammonium chloride and 10 to 30 weight percent metal formate. A corresponding sensitive explosives with replaceable clays preferably consists of 13 to 20 percent by weight liquid nitric acid ester, 5 to 20 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, 20 to 30 percent by weight Ammonium chloride, 25 to 40 percent by weight sodium nitrate and 5 to 20 percent by weight Metal formate.
Gewünschtenfalls können die erfindungsgemäßen Sprengstoffe bis zu etwa 6% aus anderen Flammenlöschmitteln als Chloriden, z. B. Kaolin, bestehen, undIf desired, the explosives according to the invention can contain up to about 6% other flame extinguishing agents as chlorides, e.g. B. kaolin, and
ίο sie können vorteilhaft auch bis zu etwa 2% wasserabweisenden Stoff, z. B. Guar Gum und/oder CaI-ciumstearat, enthalten.ίο They can also be beneficial up to about 2% water repellent Fabric, e.g. B. guar gum and / or calcium stearate contain.
Bei den Sprengstoffen, in denen Ammoniumnitrat als oxidierendes Salz verwendet wird, wird dieses vorteilhaft mit 0,005 bis 0,1 Gewichtsprozent eines normalen aliphatischen Primäramins mit mindestens 12 C-Atomen, z. B. Octadecylamin, oder eines Salzes eines solchen Amins behandelt.In the case of explosives in which ammonium nitrate is used as the oxidizing salt, this becomes advantageous with 0.005 to 0.1 weight percent of a normal aliphatic primary amine with at least 12 carbon atoms, e.g. B. octadecylamine, or a salt of such an amine treated.
Die Erfindung ist im folgenden an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, wobei alle angegebenen Mengen auf das Gewicht bezogen sind.The invention is described below on the basis of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail, all amounts given being based on weight.
Angaben über die Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Beispielen für Sprengstoffmassen nach der Erfindung sind der nachstehenden Tabelle zu entnehmen. Information on the composition and properties of examples of explosives according to of the invention are shown in the table below.
(Durchmesser 31,75 mm) km/s(Diameter 31.75 mm) km / s
Fortpflanzungsprobe 25,4 — 35,6 — 12,7 — 12,7 — 10,2 — 5,1 — 5,1 — 2,5Reproductive sample 25.4 - 35.6 - 12.7 - 12.7 - 10.2 - 5.1 - 5.1 - 2.5
(Durchmesser 31,75 mm;(Diameter 31.75 mm;
Länge 76,2 mm)Length 76.2 mm)
Kleinster Initiator (Knall-Smallest initiator (pop
quecksilber/Kaliumchlorat 8:2)mercury / potassium chlorate 8: 2)
Ammoniak im Nachrauch keins keins keins keins keins keins keins keins keinsAmmonia in the aftertaste of smoke none none none none none none none none
Brennprobe nein nein nein nein nein nein nein nein neinFiring test no no no no no no no no no
2,5-27,9 cm 38,1cm 15,2 cm 15,2 cm 12,7 cm 7,6 cm 7,6 cm 5,1cm 5,1cm2.5-27.9 cm 38.1 cm 15.2 cm 15.2 cm 12.7 cm 7.6 cm 7.6 cm 5.1 cm 5.1 cm
Nr. 1 Nr. 1 Nr. 1 Nr. 1 Nr. 1 Nr. 1 Nr. 1 Nr. 2 Nr. 1No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 2 No. 1
Die Zusammensetzungen der Sprengstoffe nach den Beispielen und die Sprengkraft und Detonationsgeschwindigkeit wurden nach bekannten Methoden ermittelt. Bei der Prüfung auf Detonationsübertragung wurde jeweils der Höchstabstand für End-zu-Endfort-Dflanzung der Detonation über einen Luftspalt zwischen einer zur Detonation gebrachten Patrone und einer Rezeptorpalrone festgestellt. Als Maß für den kleinsten Initiator diente der niedrigste Standardsprengzfnder aus Knallquecksilber und Chlorat, der die Masse zur Detonation bringen konnte.The compositions of the explosives according to the examples and the explosive power and detonation speed were determined according to known methods determined. When testing for detonation transmission, the maximum distance for end-to-end propagation was used detonation via an air gap between a detonated cartridge and a receptor palrone noted. The lowest standard detonator was used as the measure for the smallest initiator made of fumed mercury and chlorate, which could detonate the mass.
Bei der Brennprobe wurde jeweils eine Patrone mitA cartridge was used for each fire test
einem Durchmesser von 36,5 mm senkrecht auf die Erde gestellt, und es wurden 10 g einer Deflagrationsmasse in das offene Ende der Patrone eingegossen und
mittels einer Zündschnur entzündet. Die Aussage »nein« bedeutet, daß die Sprengstoff.Tiassie dab;i nicht
brannte. Die Deflagrationsmasse bestand aus 30% Cuprioxid, 60% Calciumsilicid und 10 % rotem Eisenocker.
In jedem Beispiel konnte man im Nachrauch, d. h. in den nach der Detonation anfallenden Gasen, kein
oder höchstens nur eine sehr geringe Spur Ammoniak feststellen.36.5 mm in diameter was placed vertically on the ground, and 10 g of a deflagration compound was poured into the open end of the cartridge and ignited by means of a fuse. The statement "no" means that the explosives.Tiassie dab; i did not burn. The deflagration mass consisted of 30% cupric oxide, 60% calcium silicide and 10% red iron ocher.
In every example, no or at most only a very small trace of ammonia could be found in the after-smoke, ie in the gases produced after the detonation.
Die Sprengladungen gemäß den Beispielen 5 bis einschließlich 9 erwiesen sich als sicher bei einer Bnudgas-Zündprobe, die den gefährlichen Zustand einer sich über ein Sprengloch verlaufenden, mit Gas gefüllten Spalte wiedergab.The explosive charges according to Examples 5 up to and including 9 proved to be safe in a Bnudgas ignition test, the dangerous condition of a gas-filled one running over a blast hole Column reproduced.
Claims (3)
brennen, und ihre Tendenz, Grubengas anzuzünden, Ein Sprengstoff nach der Erfindung, der einenA modification of the above invention is one can choose a liquid nitric acid ester, described in British Patent 10 98 107 such. B. nitroglycerin or nitroglycol, which and relates to more sensitive explosives, which are suitable for component suitable with a quantity of nitrodas blasting solid carbon, cellulose can be gelatinized. These components are a little less safe in firedamp. The in 55 can also consist of nitrated hydrocarbons, as claimed in British patent specification 10 98 107 such as ?. B. nitrotoluene exist. The mass can consist of 12 to 25 percent by weight of a moderate metal formate content of 4 to 40 self-exploding sensitizing component, by weight, which can essentially represent the fuel, oxidizing salt and flame-extinguishing total fuel content of the mass, medium in such concentrations that the mass 60 as metal formate can advantageously be sodium, has an explosive power, by weight, of-30 to lead 50 ° corresponds to a potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium or / 0 explosive strength gelatin, wherein the formate Select. However, calcium fuel is preferably composed of a metal formate and used free formate because this is kept in sufficient quantities of fibrous cellulose material. Also this gene is available and hardly soluble, not hy-explosives could under atmospheric pressure not groscopically as well as is not poisonous.
burn, and their tendency to ignite mine gas, An explosive according to the invention, the one
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB920568A GB1173887A (en) | 1968-02-26 | 1968-02-26 | Safety Explosive |
GB920568 | 1968-02-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1909744A1 DE1909744A1 (en) | 1970-02-26 |
DE1909744B2 DE1909744B2 (en) | 1975-09-25 |
DE1909744C3 true DE1909744C3 (en) | 1976-05-20 |
Family
ID=
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