DE1501730A1 - Method and device for liquefying natural gas - Google Patents
Method and device for liquefying natural gasInfo
- Publication number
- DE1501730A1 DE1501730A1 DE19661501730 DE1501730A DE1501730A1 DE 1501730 A1 DE1501730 A1 DE 1501730A1 DE 19661501730 DE19661501730 DE 19661501730 DE 1501730 A DE1501730 A DE 1501730A DE 1501730 A1 DE1501730 A1 DE 1501730A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- gas
- compressor
- natural gas
- cycle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004172 nitrogen cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0077—Argon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
Description
345) η GG/032345) η GG / 03 2
26. Mai 1966May 26, 1966
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas durch Abkühlen mittels eines geschlossenen
Kältekreislaufs mit einem tiefer als Methan siedenden
Fremdgas.The invention relates to a method and a device for liquefying natural gas by cooling it by means of a closed refrigeration cycle with a lower boiling temperature than methane
Foreign gas.
Der Spitzenbedarf an Heizgasen in den Wintermonaten kann durch die vorhandenen, zunehmend stärker belasteten Fernleitungen
häufig nicht mehr gedeckt werden. Die Speicherfähigkeit der Fernleitung genügt nur für kurzzeitige Tagesspitzen,
für einen länger anhaltenden Mehrbedarf muß man zusätzlich
unter Aufwendung erheblicher Mittel Ersatz schaffen. Man kannThe peak demand for heating gases in the winter months can often no longer be covered by the existing, increasingly heavily loaded pipelines. The storage capacity of the pipeline is only sufficient for short-term daily peaks; for longer-lasting additional requirements, you have to add it
create a replacement with the investment of considerable resources. One can
.A.A
909844/1395909844/1395
feste oder flüssige Brennstoffe vergasen oder auch verflüssigte Gase antransportieren, verdampfen und in die Verbrauchsleitung schicken· Alle diese Maßnahmen bedingen erhebliche Investitionen und dazu hohe Transportkosten. Daher ist man häufig dazu übergegangen, große Speicher für verflüssigte oder unter Druck stehende ,Gase anzulegen.Gasifying solid or liquid fuels or transporting liquefied gases, evaporating them and sending them to the consumption line · All of these measures require considerable measures Investments and high transport costs. Therefore, one has often gone over to large storage for liquefied or to apply pressurized gases.
Will man die Gase in flüssiger Form speichern, um mit einem kleinen Speicher auszukommen, so ist eine Anlage nötig, die während der Zeiten geringen Verbrauchs Gas verflüssigt und außerdem in der Lage sein muß, das aus dem Speicherbehälter durch die unvermeidliche Wärmezufuhr aus der Umgebung verdampfende Gas wieder zu verflüssigen oder in das Leitungsnetz zurückzudrücken. Dabei herrschen je nach Gasanlieferung und Gasverbrauch verschieden hohe Drücke in den Leitungen, so daß sich die Verflüssigungsanlage dauernd den veränderten Verhältnissen anpassen muß.If you want to store the gases in liquid form in order to get by with a small storage facility, then a system is required necessary, which liquefies gas during the times of low consumption and must also be able to remove from the The inevitable heat supply from the surroundings means that the gas is liquefied again or into the storage tank To push back the pipe network. Depending on the gas delivery and gas consumption, different pressures prevail in the Lines, so that the liquefaction plant must constantly adapt to the changed conditions.
Schließlich enthält das Ferngas meist noch Spuren von Feuchtigkeit, Kohlensäure und Schwefelverbindungen, die praktisch vollständig entfernt werden müssen, um Verstopfungen in den kalten Wärmeaustauschern und Entspannungseinrichtungen zu verhüten. Diese Reinigungsanlagen sind sehr teuer, da die gesamte zu entspannende Gasmenge gereinigt werden muß, während in vielen Fällen je nach dem zur Verfügung stehenden Druckunterschied nur der fünfte oder gar nur der fünfzehnte Teil als Flüssigkeit in den Speicher gelangt.After all, the long-distance gas usually still contains traces of moisture, carbonic acid and sulfur compounds practically have to be completely removed in order to avoid blockages in the cold heat exchangers and expansion devices to prevent. These cleaning systems are very expensive because the entire amount of gas to be expanded must be cleaned while in many cases depending on the pressure difference available only the fifth or even only the fifteenth part reaches the reservoir as a liquid.
909844/1395909844/1395
Da eine Verflüssigungsanlage für den geschilderten Zweck nur während der warmen Jahreszeit in Betrieb ist, fallen die Investitionskosten gegenüber den Betriebskosten besonders stark ins Gewicht. Hinzu kommt, daß die Verflüssigungsanlage nur dann gebraucht wird, wenn das Gas im Überschuß vorhanden ist. In dieser Zeit ist der Gasverbrauch zum Antrieb der der Verflüssigung dienenden Verdichter kostenmäßig niedrig zu bewerten. Auch die Bedienung der Anlage muß einfach sein, da für die kurzen Betriebszeiten schwer geeignetes Personal zu finden ist. Daher muß die Anlage möglichst vollautomatisch arbeiten können.As a liquefaction plant for the described Purpose is only in operation during the warm season, the investment costs fall particularly compared to the operating costs heavy weight. In addition, the liquefaction plant is only needed when the gas is in excess. During this time, the gas consumption for propulsion is that of the To evaluate liquefaction serving compressor low in terms of cost. The operation of the system must also be easy, there It is difficult to find suitable personnel for the short operating times. The system must therefore be as fully automatic as possible can work.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas durch Abkühlen mittels eines geschlossenen Kältekreislaufs mit einem tiefer als Methan siedenden Fremdgas, insbesondere Stickstoff, als Kreislaufgas zu schaffen, das sich bei niedrigen Investitionskosten ohne großen Regelaufwand leicht dem veränderlichen Gasangebot aus der Ferngasleitung anpassen läßt.The object of the invention is to provide a method to liquefy natural gas by cooling it using a closed refrigeration cycle with a temperature lower than methane Boiling foreign gas, in particular nitrogen, as a cycle gas that can be used at low investment costs without large control effort can easily be adapted to the changing gas supply from the gas pipeline.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das verdichtete Kreislaufgas in zwei oder mehr Teilströme verzweigt wird, von denen der erste durch Wärmeaustausch mit den parallel zueinander arbeitsleistend auf den Saugdruck des Kreislaufkompressors entspannten restlichen Teilströmen so weit gekühlt wird, daß er nach der Entspannung auf den Saug-According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the compressed circulating gas is divided into two or more substreams is branched, of which the first by heat exchange with the parallel to each other performing work on the suction pressure of the Circuit compressor relaxed remaining partial flows is cooled so far that after the relaxation on the suction
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909844/13 9 5909844/13 9 5
druck des Kreislaufkompressors in einem Zustand auf oder nahe der Flüssigkeitsgrenzkurve, d.h. dem linken Abschnitt der Sättigungslinie im Τ,ε-Diagramm für das Kreislaufgas, vorliegt, wobei der Saugdruck des Kreislaufkompressors so festgelegt ist, daß durch anschließenden Wärmeaustausch des bei diesem Druck "siedenden ersten Teilstromes mit dem unter Lagerungsdruck stehenden Erdgas das letztere verflüssigt wird.pressure of the cycle compressor in a state at or near the liquid limit curve, i.e. the left-hand portion of the Saturation line is present in the Τ, ε diagram for the cycle gas, wherein the suction pressure of the cycle compressor is determined so that by subsequent heat exchange at this pressure "The boiling first partial stream is liquefied with the natural gas under storage pressure, the latter.
Außer Stickstoff können auch Argon oder Helium als Kreislaufgas verwendet werden.In addition to nitrogen, argon or helium can also be used as cycle gas.
Vorzugsweise wird der erste Teilstrom so weit gekühlt, daß nach seiner Entspannung noch mindestens 95 # in flüssiger Form vorliegen.The first partial flow is preferably cooled to such an extent that at least 95 # in be in liquid form.
Die geschilderte Arbeitsweise ermöglicht es, das Methan unter Lagerungsdruck, das ist in den meisten Fällen etwa Atmosphärendruck, zu verflüssigen. Das bedeutet, daß auch bei niedrigen Ferngasdrücken ein Ferngaskompressor entbehrlich ist und daß das durch Wärmeeinwirkung verdampfte Methan rückverflüssigt werden kann, ohne daß es auf Umgebungstemperatur angewärmt und rekomprimiert zu werden braucht. Dadurch, daß der Saugdruck des Kreislaufkompressors verhältnismäßig hoch gewählt werden kann - er liegt für reines Methan als zu verflüssigendes Gas und Stickstoff als Kreislaufgas bei etwa 12 ata - ergibt sich ein relativ niedriges Druckverhältnis, so daß weniger Kompressorstufen nötig sind·The working method described enables the methane to be liquefied under storage pressure, which in most cases is around atmospheric pressure. This means that even at low gas transmission pressing a remote gas compressor is unnecessary and that the vaporized by heat methane can be liquefied again without the need to be warmed to ambient temperature and recompressed. The fact that the suction pressure of the cycle compressor can be selected to be relatively high - it is around 12 ata for pure methane as the gas to be liquefied and nitrogen as the cycle gas - results in a relatively low pressure ratio, so that fewer compressor stages are required.
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9098U/13959098U / 1395
-5- 1501736-5- 1501736
Der Kompressionsenddruck des Kreislaufs hängt von der verlangten Leistung ab. Pur kleinere Leistungen (bis ca. 5000 Nm /h Flüssigmethan) beträgt er vorzugsweise bis zu 200 atü, wobei ein Kolbenkompressor verwendet wird. Für größere Leistungen wählt man zweckmäßig einen zwischen etwa 50 und etwa 200 atü liegenden Kompressionsenddruck und arbeitet dabei mit einem Turbokompressor.The final compression pressure of the circuit depends on the required output. For smaller capacities (up to approx. 5000 Nm / h liquid methane) it is preferably up to 200 atmospheres using a piston compressor. For greater outputs, it is advisable to choose a final compression pressure between approximately 50 and approximately 200 atmospheres and work with a turbo compressor.
Wegen dieser hohen Arbeitsdrücke läßt sich bei kleinem Druckabfall ein besserer Wärmeübergang erzielen, so daß erheblich weniger Heizfläche eingebaut werden muß. Ferner sind die Volumina der umzuwälzenden Gase und damit auch die Dimensionen der Anlage wesentlich kleiner. Wichtig ist außerdem, daß das vorliegende Verfahren als Hochdruckprozeß einen verhältnismäßig niedrigen Energieverbrauch aufweist.Because of these high working pressures, better heat transfer can be achieved with a small pressure drop, see above that considerably less heating surface has to be installed. Furthermore, the volumes of the gases to be circulated and thus also the Dimensions of the system are much smaller. It is also important that the present process is a relatively high-pressure process has low energy consumption.
Steht das Erdgas unter erhöhtem Druck zur Verfügung, so wird es in Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Kreislaufgasmenge arbeitsleistend und kälteerzeugend entspannt. Die dabei erzielte Energieersparnis fällt besonders dann ins Gewicht, wenn entspanntes nicht verflüssigtes Erdgas unter geringem Druck in die Verbraucherleitung abgegeben werden kann.If the natural gas is available under increased pressure, it is in a further development of the inventive concept with simultaneous Reduction of the circulating gas amount work-performing and cold-generating relaxed. The energy savings achieved in this way are particularly important when relaxed, non-liquefied Natural gas can be released into the consumer line under low pressure.
Gemäß einer anderen Ausführ.ungsform der Erfindung wird das Erdgas, wenn es unter erhöhtem Druck vorliegt, unter diesem Druck verflüssigt und dabei das Druckniveau des Stick-According to another embodiment of the invention the natural gas, if it is under increased pressure, liquefies under this pressure and the pressure level of the nitrogen
.A.A
9098U/13969098U / 1396
Stoffkreislaufs erhöht. Da die Kälte bei höherer Temperatur erzeugt wird, tritt dabei eine Energieersparnis ein·Material cycle increased. Because the cold at a higher temperature is generated, there is an energy saving
Da das gesamte Kältekreislaufsystem erfindungsgemäß zwischen nur zwei Drücken arbeitet, läßt sich dessen Kälteleistung leicht regulieren. Zweckmäßig geschieht dies dadurch, daß die Kreislaufmenge in Abhängigkeit vom Druck im Lagertank verändert wird, derart, daß komprimiertes warmes Kreislaufgas,sobald der Druck im Lagertank einen bestimmten Wert unterschreitet, in einen Druckbehälter abgeben wird und daß, sobald der Druck im Lagertank einen bestimmten Wert überschreitet, Kreislaufgas aus dem Druckbehälter der Saugseite des Kreislaufkompressors zugeführt wird.Since, according to the invention, the entire refrigeration cycle system operates between only two pressures, it can be Easily regulate the cooling capacity. This is expediently done by the fact that the amount of circulation depends on the pressure in the Storage tank is changed in such a way that compressed warm cycle gas as soon as the pressure in the storage tank has reached a certain level Falls below the value, is released into a pressure vessel and that, as soon as the pressure in the storage tank exceeds a certain value, Recycle gas is supplied from the pressure vessel to the suction side of the cycle compressor.
Der zu verflüssigende erste Teilstrom kann nach seiner Abkühlung arbeitsleistend entspannt oder •drosselentspannt werden. Zieht man aus Vereinfachungsgründen die Drosselentspannung vor, so ist es bei Drücken über ca. 100 ata vorteilhaft, zweistufig mit ZwlschenabkUhlung zu entspannen. Dadurch umgeht man den Druck-Temperatur-Bereich, in dem der Thomson-Joule-Effekt negativ ist, d.h. bei der Drosselentspannung Erwärmung auftritt.The first partial flow to be liquefied can, after cooling, be relaxed in a work-performing manner or • relaxed with a throttle will. If, for reasons of simplification, one prefers the throttle expansion, it is advantageous at pressures above approx. 100 ata, two-stage relaxation with intermediate cooling. Through this one bypasses the pressure-temperature range in which the Thomson-Joule effect is negative, i.e. with the throttle relaxation Warming occurs.
Die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung dienende Vorrichtung besteht aus einer von der Druckseite des Kreislaufkompressors zu einer Entspannungsvorrichtung führenden ersten Hochdruckleitung und einer von The device used to carry out the method according to the invention consists of one of the Pressure side of the cycle compressor leading to an expansion device first high pressure line and one of
.A.A
BAD ORIGINALBATH ORIGINAL
9098ΛΛ/13959098ΛΛ / 1395
der Entspannungsvorrichtung zur Saugseite des Kreislauf !compress ..führenden ersten Niederdruckleitung, aus einer oder mehreren weiteren Expansionsmaschinen, deren Hochdruokseiten Jeweils mit einer von der ersten Hochdruckleitung abzweigenden weiteren Hochdruckleitung und deren Niederdruckseiten Jeweils über Wärmeaustauscher, deren zweite Querschnitte in die erste Hochdruckleitung eingeschaltet sind, mit der Niederdruckseite des KreislaufkorapresBors verbunden sind sowie aus mindestens einem in die erste Niederdruckleitung eingeschalteten Wärmeaustausche über dessen zweiten Querschnitt die Rohgasleitung mit dem Lagertank verbunden ist·the expansion device to the suction side of the circuit! compress .. leading first low-pressure line, from one or more further expansion machines, their high pressure pages each with a further high-pressure line branching off from the first high-pressure line and each of its low-pressure sides Heat exchangers, the second cross-sections of which are switched into the first high-pressure line, with the low-pressure side of the Circuit corapresBors are connected as well as from at least one heat exchange connected into the first low-pressure line The raw gas line is connected to the storage tank via the second cross-section
Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung wird nun anhand der schematischen Darstellungen Fig. 1-3 beispielsweise erläutert.The method according to the invention will now be based on 1-3, for example, of the schematic representations.
Bei dem Verfahren nach Figur 1 wird der Kreislaufstickstoff- In Kompressor 1 auf 100 ata verdichtet, der Hochdruckleitung 2 .zugeführt und anschließend in einen ersten und zweiten Teilstrom verzweigt. Letzterer gelangt über Leitung 3 zur Turbine 4, wird dort auf den Saugdruck des Kompressors 1, das sind 12 ata, entspannt und gibt die dabei gewonnene Kälte Im Wärmeaustauscher 5 an den ersten Teilstrom ab. Dieser wird an der Stelle 6 wiederum geteilt. Der dritte Teilstrom gelangt Über Leitung 7 zur Turbine 8, wird dort ebenfalls auf 12 ata entspannt und kühlt anschließend im Wärmeaustauscher 9 denIn the method according to FIG. 1, the circulating nitrogen in compressor 1 is compressed to 100 ata, fed to the high pressure line 2 and then fed into a first and branched second substream. The latter arrives via line 3 to the turbine 4, there it is expanded to the suction pressure of the compressor 1, that is 12 ata, and releases the resulting cold In the heat exchanger 5 from the first partial flow. This is again divided at point 6. The third partial flow arrives Via line 7 to turbine 8, there is also expanded to 12 ata and then cools in heat exchanger 9
9098U/13959098U / 1395
-8- 150173G-8- 150173G
ersten Teilstrom so weit vor, daß dieser nach der Entspannung in der Turbine 10 praktisch vollständig als Flüssigkeit vorliegt. Der flüssige, jetzt unter einem Druck von 12 ata stehende Stickstoff wird nun über die Niederdruckleitung 11 den Gegenströmern 12 und 13 zugeführt und dort in Wärmeaustausch mit dem durch Leitung 14 unter mindestens 1 ata angelieferten Erdgas gebracht, welches dabei zunächst vorgekühlt, im Gegenströmer 12 zusammen mit dem aus Leitung 15 kommenden, durch Wärmeeinwirkung im Lagertank 16 verdampften Erdgas verflüssigt und schließlich in den Lagertank eingespeist wird.first partial flow so far that this is practically completely present as a liquid after the expansion in the turbine 10. The liquid nitrogen, which is now under a pressure of 12 ata, is now fed through the low-pressure line 11 Countercurrents 12 and 13 supplied and there in heat exchange brought with the natural gas delivered through line 14 under at least 1 ATA, which is initially pre-cooled, in countercurrent 12 liquefied together with the natural gas coming from line 15 and evaporated by the action of heat in the storage tank 16 and finally fed into the storage tank.
Die Kälteleistung wird wie folgt reguliert: Bei zu hoher Kälteleistung wird mehr Erdgas verflüssigt als angeliefert und im Lagertank 16 verdampft wird, so daß der Tankdruck sinkt. Hat dieser einen bestimmten Wert unterschritten, so öffnet sich das Regelventil 17 und entläßt eine gewisse Stickstoffmenge aus dem Kreislaufsystem in den Druckbehälter" 1β· Dadurch sinken sämtliche Drücke im Stickstoffkreislaufsystem· Bei niedrigem Druck fördern -der Kompressor 1 und die Turbinen 4, 8 und 10 geringere Gasmengen und erzielen damit kleinere Verflüssigungsleistungen, bis Gasanfall und Verflüssigungsleistung ausgeglichen sind. The cooling capacity is regulated as follows: If the cooling capacity is too high, more natural gas is liquefied than delivered and is evaporated in the storage tank 16, so that the Tank pressure drops. If this has fallen below a certain value, the control valve 17 opens and releases a certain value Amount of nitrogen from the circulatory system into the pressure vessel "1β · This reduces all pressures in the nitrogen cycle system · When the pressure is low, compressor 1 and the turbines deliver 4, 8 and 10 lower gas quantities and thus achieve lower liquefaction capacities until the gas and liquefaction capacities are balanced.
Ist die Kälteleistung des Kreislaufs zu gering, so wird weniger Erdgas verflüssigt als angeliefert und verdampft wird· Infolgedessen steigt der Druck im Lagertank 16, über-If the cooling capacity of the circuit is too low, less natural gas is liquefied than it is delivered and evaporated As a result, the pressure in the storage tank 16 rises above-
9098U/13959098U / 1395
schreitet dieser Druck einen bestimmten Wert, so wird Regeltventil 19 geöffnet und durch Überströmen von Druckstickstoff aus dem Behälter 18 in die Saugleitung 11 des Kompressors die Leistung erhöht.If this pressure exceeds a certain value, it becomes a control valve 19 and opened by overflow of pressurized nitrogen from the container 18 into the suction line 11 of the compressor the performance increases.
Über die Querverbindungsleitung 20 lassen sich durch die Ventile 21 und 22 die Temperaturen an den kalten Enden der Wärmeaustauscher 5 und 13 einstellen.Via the cross-connection line 20, the temperatures at the cold can be adjusted through the valves 21 and 22 Adjust ends of heat exchangers 5 and 13.
Figur 2 zeigt ein Verfahrensschema, bei welchen der Kompressorenddruck ;50° ata, der Saugdruck ebenso wie im vorhergehenden Beispiel 12 ata beträgt. Gleiche Teile sind mit gleichen Ziffern bezeichnet.Figure 2 shows a process scheme in which the compressor final pressure; 50 ° ata, the suction pressure as well as im previous example is 12 ata. The same parts are denoted by the same numbers.
Das verdichtete Kreislaufgas wird zunächst im Wärmeaustauscher 5 abgekühlt und dann bei 6 geteilt. Der eine Teilstrom wird in der Expansionsmaschine 8 auf 12 ata entspannt und durch die Gegenstromwarmeaustauscher 25* 24 und 5 zurück zur Saugseite des Kompressors geführt. Der zu verflüssigende Teilstrom wird im Wärmeaustauscher 24 nochmals gekühlt, im Ventil 25 auf einen Zwischendruck von 30 ata entspannt und nach weiterer Abkühlung im Wärmeaustauscher 23 bei 26 durch eine letzte Drosselentspannung auf einen Druck von 12 ata gebracht. Die dabei gebildete Flüssigkeit wird nun in den Wärmeaustauschern 12 und 13 im Gegenstrom zu dem unter etwa Atmosphärendruck stehenden Erdgas verdampft und angewärmt und wieder zum Kompressor 1 zurückgeführt.The compressed cycle gas is first cooled in the heat exchanger 5 and then divided at 6. The one Partial flow is expanded in the expansion machine 8 to 12 ata and returned through the countercurrent heat exchangers 25 * 24 and 5 led to the suction side of the compressor. The partial flow to be liquefied is cooled again in the heat exchanger 24, in the Valve 25 relaxed to an intermediate pressure of 30 ata and after further cooling in the heat exchanger 23 at 26 through one last throttle relaxation brought to a pressure of 12 ata. The resulting liquid is now in the Heat exchangers 12 and 13 in countercurrent to that below about Atmospheric pressure natural gas is evaporated and warmed up and returned to the compressor 1.
909844/1395909844/1395
Die Regelung der Kälteleistung erfolgt in diesem Fall derart, daß der Durchsatz durch den Kompressor und die Expansionsmaschine mit bekannten Mitteln verändert wird·In this case, the cooling capacity is regulated in such a way that the throughput through the compressor and the Expansion machine is modified by known means
In Figur 3 ist sehematisch dargestellt» wie der Erdgasstrom durch die Wärmeaustauscher 12 und 13 zu führen ist, wenn das Erdgas unter Druck angeliefert wird· Die übrigen Verfahrensschritte sind die gleichen wie in Figur 1 bzw. 2· Demgemäß wird Erdgas, das durch Leitung 27 unter einem Druck von beispielsweise 30 ata angeliefert wird, zunächst im Wärmeaustauscher 13 vorgekühlt, anschließend in der Turbine 28 arbeitsleistend auf den Druck des Lagertanks 16 entspannt und dann zusammen mit dem im Tank 16 durch Wärmeeinwirkung verdampften Erdgas im Wärmeaustauscher 12 verflüssigt.In Figure 3 is shown schematically "like the To lead natural gas flow through the heat exchangers 12 and 13 is when the natural gas is delivered under pressure · The rest Process steps are the same as in Figure 1 and 2 · Accordingly, natural gas flowing through line 27 is under pressure of, for example, 30 ATA is delivered, first pre-cooled in the heat exchanger 13, then in the turbine 28 performing work on the pressure of the storage tank 16 and then relaxed together with that in the tank 16 by the action of heat vaporized natural gas is liquefied in the heat exchanger 12.
8 Patentansprüche
1 Blatt Zeichnungen8 claims
1 sheet of drawings
909844/1395909844/1395
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DEL0053722 | 1966-05-27 |
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DE1501730A1 true DE1501730A1 (en) | 1969-10-30 |
Family
ID=7275612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19661501730 Pending DE1501730A1 (en) | 1966-05-27 | 1966-05-27 | Method and device for liquefying natural gas |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US3511058A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1501730A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1523726A (en) |
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DE19511383A1 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1996-10-02 | Linde Ag | Liquefying natural gases |
WO1997013109A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-10 | Bhp Petroleum Pty. Ltd. | Liquefaction process |
DE19620653C1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-06-19 | Linde Ag | Separately storing liquefied gases |
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US6308531B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-10-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hybrid cycle for the production of liquefied natural gas |
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DE19511383A1 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1996-10-02 | Linde Ag | Liquefying natural gases |
WO1997013109A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-10 | Bhp Petroleum Pty. Ltd. | Liquefaction process |
DE19620653C1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-06-19 | Linde Ag | Separately storing liquefied gases |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1523726A (en) | 1968-05-03 |
US3511058A (en) | 1970-05-12 |
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