DE1255833B - Method and device for heating gases in a plasma torch - Google Patents
Method and device for heating gases in a plasma torchInfo
- Publication number
- DE1255833B DE1255833B DES86681A DES0086681A DE1255833B DE 1255833 B DE1255833 B DE 1255833B DE S86681 A DES86681 A DE S86681A DE S0086681 A DES0086681 A DE S0086681A DE 1255833 B DE1255833 B DE 1255833B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- electrodes
- electrode
- gas
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/40—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3431—Coaxial cylindrical electrodes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
Description
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLANDFEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE
Int. Cl.:Int. Cl .:
HOIjHOIj
Deutsche KL: 21h -30/01 German KL: 21h -30/01
Nummer: 1255 833Number: 1255 833
Aktenzeichen: S 86681 VIII d/21 hFile number: S 86681 VIII d / 21 h
Anmeldetag: 10. August 1963Filing date: August 10, 1963
Auslegetag: 7. Dezember 1967Opened on: December 7, 1967
Die Erfindung betrifft in erster Linie ein Verfahren zum Aufheizen von Gasen in einem Plasmabrenner mit zwischen ringförmigen Elektroden in einem Magnetfeld rotierendem Lichtbogen.The invention relates primarily to a method for heating gases in a plasma torch with an arc rotating between ring-shaped electrodes in a magnetic field.
Bei Plasmabrennern, die zum Erhitzen von Gasen dienen, werden in einem Gleich- oder Wechselstromlichtbogen die Gase ionisiert, wodurch ein Plasma entsteht. Plasmabrenner haben ein weites Anwendungsgebiet. Sie lösen in der Plasmachemie chemische Prozesse aus und können zu Auftragschweißen und für Schneidprozesse gebraucht werden. Wird das heiße Plasma durch eine Düse geleitet, so entstehen hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, die sich zur Beschickung von Windkanälen oder bei Raumfahrtantrieben verwenden lassen. Bei Plasmabrennern ist es erforderlich, über die Elektroden hohe elektrische Leistung zuzuführen, die das Plasma erzeugt. Die Elektroden sind deshalb ausreichend zu kühlen und so zu konstruieren, daß sie betriebsbeständig sind.Plasma torches, which are used to heat gases, are used in a direct or alternating current arc the gases ionize, creating a plasma. Plasma torches have a wide range of applications. They trigger chemical processes in plasma chemistry and can lead to cladding and are used for cutting processes. If the hot plasma is passed through a nozzle, it creates high flow velocities, which are used to feed wind tunnels or space propulsion systems let use. With plasma torches it is necessary to have high electrical power over the electrodes To supply power that generates the plasma. The electrodes must therefore be adequately cooled and to be constructed in such a way that they are stable in operation.
Eine bekannte Ausführungsform von Plasmabrennern hat stab- oder stiftförmige Kathoden, bei denen aus Materialien, wie thoriertem Wolfram, Elektronen auf Grund sogenannter thermischer Feldemission austreten können (USA.-Patentschrift 3 016447). Als Elektrodenwerkstoff wurde auch schon mit Siliziumnitrid beschichtetes Titankarbid in Betracht gezogen (Soviet Inventions Illustrated, Nr. 1, Oktober 1962, 7 Metallurgy — S. 7, Nr. 147266). Die Spitze der Kathode erwärmt sich dabei so weit, daß ein Teil der Elektronen thermisch, der andere Teil durch Feldemission, also durch hohe Feldstärke, im Kathodenfall des Lichtbogens emittiert wird. Der Wärmeabfuhr von einer solchen Kathode sind wegen der beschränkten geometrischen Abmessungen Grenzen gesetzt. Solche Kathoden lassen sich nur bis zu relativ kleinen Stromstärken belasten. Wird diese Grenze überschritten, schmilzt die Kathode ab, was eine kurze Lebensdauer bedingt. Die Verwendung der Wolframelektrode wurde dabei nicht zum Zwecke der Erhöhung der Stromstärke eingesetzt, weshalb auch der Hinweis fehlt, die Wolframelektrode in einem Temperaturbereich oberhalb 1000° C zu betreiben.A known embodiment of plasma torches has rod-shaped or pin-shaped cathodes in which from materials such as thoriated tungsten, electrons due to so-called thermal field emission leak (U.S. Patent 3,016,447). Silicon nitride has also been used as an electrode material coated titanium carbide considered (Soviet Inventions Illustrated, No. 1, October 1962, 7 Metallurgy - p. 7, no.147266). The tip of the cathode is heated so far that a part the electrons thermally, the other part by field emission, i.e. by high field strength, im Cathode drop of the arc is emitted. The heat dissipation from such a cathode are due the limited geometric dimensions set limits. Such cathodes can only be used up to load relatively small currents. If this limit is exceeded, the cathode melts, what requires a short service life. The use of the tungsten electrode was not used for this The purpose of increasing the amperage is used, which is why there is no reference to the tungsten electrode to operate in a temperature range above 1000 ° C.
Es sind deshalb Plasmabrenner entwickelt worden, bei denen ein Lichtbogen zwischen ringförmigen
Elektroden brennt und bei Gleichstrom oder Wechselstrom in einem transversalen Magnetfeld rotiert.
Diese ringförmigen Elektroden sind bei den bekannten Plasmabrennern intensiv gekühlt, z. B. als wassergekühlte
Kupferkathoden ausgebildet worden. Dafür muß ein schlechterer Wirkungsgrad des Plasmabrenners in Kauf genommen werden. Ferner
Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Aufheizen von
Gasen in einem PlasmabrennerPlasma torches have therefore been developed in which an arc burns between ring-shaped electrodes and rotates in a transverse magnetic field with direct current or alternating current. These annular electrodes are intensively cooled in the known plasma torches, for. B. been designed as water-cooled copper cathodes. For this, a poorer efficiency of the plasma torch must be accepted. Furthermore, method and device for heating
Gases in a plasma torch
Anmelder:Applicant:
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft,Siemens Aktiengesellschaft,
Berlin und München,Berlin and Munich,
Erlangen, Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 50Erlangen, Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 50
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Dr. Heinz Fröhlich, ErlangenDr. Heinz Fröhlich, Erlangen
hat sich gezeigt, daß bei großen Stromstärken im Brennfleck das Material anschmilzt, was zu einer Verdampfung und einer Herabsetzung der Lebensdauer der Elektroden führt.It has been shown that with high currents in the focal point, the material melts, which leads to a Evaporation and a reduction in the life of the electrodes.
ao Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Aufheizen von Gasen in einem Plasmabrenner anzugeben, mit dem zur Leistungs-Steigerung bei Ringelektroden der Lichtbogenfußpunkt auf den Ringelektroden möglichst groß gehalag ten werden kann. Der Erfindung liegt dabei die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß durch die starke Abkühlung der als Kathode wirkenden Elektrode der Lichtbogen sich im Gebiet des Kathodenfalls stark kontrahieren muß, um in einem kleinen Brennfleck in sehr kurzen Zeiten so hohe Temperaturen zu erreichen, daß auch thermische Emission stattfinden kann. Dabei erhitzt sich das Elektrodenmaterial bei großen Stromstärken wegen hoher Leistungsdichte in dem kleinen Brennfleck so weit, daß die Elektrode anschmilzt und Material verdampft.ao The invention is based on the object of a method for heating gases in one Specify the plasma torch with which the arc base point is used to increase the performance of ring electrodes can be kept as large as possible on the ring electrodes. The invention lies in the knowledge is based on the fact that the arc is caused by the strong cooling of the electrode acting as a cathode has to contract strongly in the area of the cathode fall in order to achieve a very short one in a small focal spot Times to reach temperatures so high that thermal emission can also take place. Heated in the process the electrode material is in the small focal spot at high currents because of the high power density so far that the electrode melts and material evaporates.
Die geschilderten Schwierigkeiten werden gemäß der Erfindung mit einem Verfahren zum Aufheizen von Gasen in einem Plasmabrenner mit zwischen ringförmigen Elektroden in einem Magnetfeld rotie-The difficulties outlined are according to the invention with a method for heating of gases in a plasma torch with rotating between ring-shaped electrodes in a magnetic field
.0 rendem Lichtbogen dadurch überwunden, daß die Elektroden aus einem Grundmaterial mit einem Schmelzpunkt über 1200° C und aus einem Zusatz von Stoffen bestehen, deren Elektronenaustrittsarbeit in einem Bereich von 0,15 bis 0,7 der Elektronenaustrittsarbeit des Grundmaterials liegt, und daß die Elektroden auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Elektroden und oberhalb 1000° C gekühlt werden.. 0 rendem arc overcome in that the electrodes consist of a base material with a melting point above 1200 ° C and an addition of substances whose electron work function is in a range of 0.15 to 0.7 of the electron work function of the base material, and that the electrodes be cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the electrodes and above 1000 ° C.
Es wird also mit einer geringeren Kühlung gearbei-So it works with less cooling.
So tet, so daß sich eine Elektrodentemperatur von mindestens 1000° C ergibt. Dazu wird mit hochschmelzendem Elektrodenmaterial gearbeitet. Durch dieSo tet so that an electrode temperature of at least 1000 ° C results. For this purpose, high-melting electrode material is used. Through the
709 707M75709 707M75
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES86681A DE1255833B (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1963-08-10 | Method and device for heating gases in a plasma torch |
CH949764A CH410206A (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1964-07-20 | Process for heating gases in a plasma torch and plasma torch for carrying out the process |
NL6408430A NL6408430A (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1964-07-23 | |
US387676A US3343027A (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1964-08-05 | Arc plasma device having gas cooled electrodes containing low work function material |
FR984601A FR1409512A (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1964-08-07 | Method and device for heating gas in a plasma burner |
GB32553/64A GB1010688A (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1964-08-10 | Plasma burners |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES86681A DE1255833B (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1963-08-10 | Method and device for heating gases in a plasma torch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1255833B true DE1255833B (en) | 1967-12-07 |
Family
ID=7513194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DES86681A Pending DE1255833B (en) | 1963-08-10 | 1963-08-10 | Method and device for heating gases in a plasma torch |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3343027A (en) |
CH (1) | CH410206A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1255833B (en) |
GB (1) | GB1010688A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6408430A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2191394A1 (en) * | 1972-07-05 | 1974-02-01 | Aerospatiale | |
EP0020845A1 (en) * | 1977-12-06 | 1981-01-07 | Selskapet for industriell og teknisk forskning ved Norges tekniske högskole (SINTEF) | Plasma burner |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3453474A (en) * | 1966-04-27 | 1969-07-01 | Xerox Corp | Plasma arc electrodes |
NL6700212A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1968-07-08 | ||
US4002878A (en) * | 1975-07-25 | 1977-01-11 | Utah State University Foundation | Gas tungsten arc welding electrode |
US4301391A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1981-11-17 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Dual discharge plasma device |
US7079370B2 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2006-07-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique electron attachment and remote ion generation |
TWI274622B (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2007-03-01 | Air Prod & Chem | Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation |
US7434719B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2008-10-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Addition of D2 to H2 to detect and calibrate atomic hydrogen formed by dissociative electron attachment |
TWI352368B (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2011-11-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Plasma head and plasma-discharging device using th |
JP4955027B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2012-06-20 | クリーン・テクノロジー株式会社 | Control method of plasma by magnetic field in exhaust gas treatment device |
KR102206249B1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2021-01-22 | 후지 덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Electromagnetic contactor |
US10716199B2 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2020-07-14 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Devices for gas cooling plasma arc torches and related systems and methods |
WO2019164822A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-29 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Single arc cascaded low pressure coating gun utilizing a neutrode stack as a method of plasma arc control |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US147266A (en) * | 1874-02-10 | Improvement in privy-houses | ||
DE1819916U (en) * | 1959-04-02 | 1960-10-20 | Union Carbide Corp | DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN ELECTRIC ARC. |
US3016447A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1962-01-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Collimated electric arc-powder deposition process |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1097053B (en) * | 1958-06-09 | 1961-01-12 | E H Erwin Marx Dr Ing Dr Ing | Process for generating plasmas at very high temperatures and arrangements for carrying out the process |
US3042830A (en) * | 1960-04-04 | 1962-07-03 | Mhd Res Inc | Method and apparatus for effecting gas-stabilized electric arc reactions |
US3134924A (en) * | 1960-07-05 | 1964-05-26 | Monsanto Co | Emissive materials of a metal matrix with molecularly dispersed additives |
US3130292A (en) * | 1960-12-27 | 1964-04-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Arc torch apparatus for use in metal melting furnaces |
US3106631A (en) * | 1961-04-21 | 1963-10-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Arc torch device |
US3129351A (en) * | 1961-12-21 | 1964-04-14 | Gen Electric | Multielectrode arc assembly |
US3149253A (en) * | 1962-01-03 | 1964-09-15 | Gen Electric | Electrode structure from magnetohydrodynamic device |
-
1963
- 1963-08-10 DE DES86681A patent/DE1255833B/en active Pending
-
1964
- 1964-07-20 CH CH949764A patent/CH410206A/en unknown
- 1964-07-23 NL NL6408430A patent/NL6408430A/xx unknown
- 1964-08-05 US US387676A patent/US3343027A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-08-10 GB GB32553/64A patent/GB1010688A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US147266A (en) * | 1874-02-10 | Improvement in privy-houses | ||
US3016447A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1962-01-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Collimated electric arc-powder deposition process |
DE1819916U (en) * | 1959-04-02 | 1960-10-20 | Union Carbide Corp | DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN ELECTRIC ARC. |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2191394A1 (en) * | 1972-07-05 | 1974-02-01 | Aerospatiale | |
EP0020845A1 (en) * | 1977-12-06 | 1981-01-07 | Selskapet for industriell og teknisk forskning ved Norges tekniske högskole (SINTEF) | Plasma burner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH410206A (en) | 1966-03-31 |
US3343027A (en) | 1967-09-19 |
NL6408430A (en) | 1965-02-11 |
GB1010688A (en) | 1965-11-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2025368C3 (en) | Electric arc torch | |
DE1515230B1 (en) | Non-consumable electrode for electric arc operations | |
DE1255833B (en) | Method and device for heating gases in a plasma torch | |
EP2804450B1 (en) | Insulating member for a plasma arc torch consisting of several parts, torch and related assemblies equipped with the same and associated method | |
EP0017201B1 (en) | Direct current plasma torch | |
DE102012213453A1 (en) | Torch for tungsten inert gas welding | |
DE202013004704U1 (en) | Tungsten alloy and electrode comprising a tungsten alloy | |
DE1264641B (en) | Arc plasma torch | |
DE3106164A1 (en) | NON-MELTING ELECTRODE | |
DE596966C (en) | Device for vacuum switch for degassing the contacts | |
DE2543881A1 (en) | EVAPORATOR | |
DE1515230C (en) | Non-consumable electrode for use in arcing operations | |
DE2422322C3 (en) | Electrode for a plasma torch | |
WO1994003949A1 (en) | Electrode arrangement for gas discharge switches and material for use therein | |
DE3544657A1 (en) | HIGH CURRENT ELECTRODE | |
DE1224417B (en) | Thermionic energy converter for nuclear reactors | |
DE1589974C3 (en) | Hot cathode arrangement for generating a high intensity electron beam for electron beam processing devices | |
DE1243798B (en) | Electrothermal jet nozzle | |
DE102020125073A1 (en) | Electrode for a plasma cutting torch, arrangement with the same, plasma cutting torch with the same and method for plasma cutting | |
WO2024068182A1 (en) | Component such as a wearing part for an arc torch, in particular a plasma burner or plasma cutting torch, arc torch comprising same, and method of plasma cutting | |
DE1202918B (en) | Electron beam furnace | |
DE2033072C (en) | Arc plasma torch with a cooled cathode and cooled anode | |
DE2426669C3 (en) | Non-consumable electrode for arc machining of materials in an oxygen atmosphere | |
DE2638094C3 (en) | Vacuum arc heating device | |
WO2021047708A2 (en) | Wear part for an arc torch and plasma torch, arc torch and plasma torch comprising same, method for plasma cutting and method for producing an electrode for an arc torch and plasma torch |