DE1213334B - Foerm body made of carbonaceous material and a carbonaceous binder and process for their manufacture - Google Patents

Foerm body made of carbonaceous material and a carbonaceous binder and process for their manufacture

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Publication number
DE1213334B
DE1213334B DEU9950A DEU0009950A DE1213334B DE 1213334 B DE1213334 B DE 1213334B DE U9950 A DEU9950 A DE U9950A DE U0009950 A DEU0009950 A DE U0009950A DE 1213334 B DE1213334 B DE 1213334B
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Germany
Prior art keywords
binder
graphite
charred
carbonaceous
shaped body
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
DEU9950A
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German (de)
Inventor
William Clay Beasley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Corp
Original Assignee
Union Carbide Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Publication of DE1213334B publication Critical patent/DE1213334B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/522—Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
    • D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
    • D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
    • D01F11/125—Carbon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
    • D01F11/14—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with organic compounds, e.g. macromolecular compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]

Description

BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLANDFEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE

AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL

Int. α.:Int. α .:

C04bC04b

Deutsche Kl.: 80 b-8/12 German class: 80 b -8/12

Nummer: 1213 334Number: 1213 334

Aktenzeichen: U9950VIb/80bFile number: U9950VIb / 80b

Anmeldetag: 9. Juli 1963 Filing date: July 9, 1963

Auslegetag: 24. März 1966Opening day: March 24, 1966

Es ist bekannt, Fasern, Gewebe oder andere Textilgebilde aus Cellulose zu verkohlen und sie gegebenenfalls durch weiteres Erhitzen in Graphit überzuführen. Man erhält auf diese Art Gebilde von einer gewissen Elastizität und Biegsamkeit.It is known to carbonize fibers, fabrics or other textile structures made of cellulose and, if necessary, to use them converted into graphite by further heating. In this way one receives formations from a certain Elasticity and flexibility.

Es ist ferner bekannt, poröse Formkörper aus Kohlenstoff oder Graphit mit einem in der Wärme härtbaren Harz zu tränken und das Harz dann durch Erwärmen auszuhärten.It is also known to have porous molded bodies made of carbon or graphite with one in the heat to impregnate curable resin and then cure the resin by heating.

Es ist schließlich vorgeschlagen worden, Bahnen aus durch Erhitzen in Graphit übergeführtem Cellulosegewebe mit einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Bindemittel zu überziehen oder zu tränken, die so behandelten Bahnen zu stapeln, das gestapelte Gebilde zur Aushärtung des Bindemittels zu erwärmen und das Ganze dann schließlich bis zu etwa 900° C zu erhitzen, um das Bindemittel zu verkohlen. So hergestellte Schichtstoffe und Formkörper haben sich in vielen Beziehungen als wertvoll und brauchbar erwiesen. In manchen Fällen zeigen sich aber Nachteile, und zwar wegen der Anisotropie der Schichtstoffe oder Formkörper. So ist z. B. die Biegefestigkeit in Richtung gegen die Faserlage nicht immer genügend, und der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient ist besonders bei erhöhter Temperatur nicht in allen Richtungen der gleiche.Finally, it has been proposed to use sheets of cellulosic fabric converted into graphite by heating to coat or soak with a carbonaceous binder those treated in this way Stacking sheets, heating the stacked structure to harden the binding agent and the whole thing then finally to heat up to about 900 ° C in order to char the binder. Laminates made in this way and moldings have proven valuable and useful in many respects. In some In some cases, however, there are disadvantages due to the anisotropy of the laminates or moldings. So is z. B. the flexural strength in the direction towards the fiber layer is not always sufficient, and the thermal The coefficient of expansion is not the same in all directions, especially at elevated temperatures.

Diese Nachteile werden bei der Erfindung vermieden. These disadvantages are avoided in the invention.

Die Erfindung betrifft Formkörper aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material und einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Bindemittel. Die Formkörper sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als kohlenstoffhaltiges Material ein zerfasertes ungeordnetes verkohltes, vorzugsweise durch Erhitzen in Graphit übergeführtes Gewebe aus Cellulose enthalten.The invention relates to molded bodies made of carbon-containing material and a carbon-containing material Binder. The shaped bodies are characterized in that they are used as a carbonaceous material fiberized, disordered charred tissue, preferably converted into graphite by heating Contain cellulose.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper auch das Bindemittel in verkohlter, zweckmäßigerweise durch Erhitzen in Graphit übergeführter Form.In a preferred embodiment, the moldings according to the invention also contain the binder in charred form, expediently converted into graphite by heating.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der beschriebenen Formkörper. Dieses Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein verkohltes Gewebe aus Cellulose zerfasert, die zerfaserten Stücke ungeordnet mit einem verkohlbaren Bindemittel mischt, das Gemisch unter Druck formt und schließlich bis zur Verkohlung des Bindemittels erhitzt. Gegebenenfalls kann man das Gemisch auf eine solche Temperatur erhitzen, daß das Bindemittel in Graphit übergeführt wird.The invention also relates to a method for producing the shaped bodies described. This The method is characterized in that a charred tissue made of cellulose is fiberized, the fiberized Mixing pieces randomly with a charring binder, forming the mixture under pressure and finally heated until the binder is charred. If necessary, the mixture can be added heat to such a temperature that the binder is converted into graphite.

Als verkohlbare Bindemittel kommen beispielsweise Phenolharze, Peche, Epoxyharze, Furfurol, Furfuralkohol oder Gemische dieser Stoffe in Betracht. Bewährt hat sich als Bindemittel ein Gemisch aus etwa Formkörper aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material
und einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Bindemittel und
Verfahren zu ihrer HerstellungFor example, phenolic resins, pitch, epoxy resins, furfural, furfural alcohol or mixtures of these substances come into consideration as carbonizable binders. A mixture of, for example, shaped bodies made of carbonaceous material has proven useful as a binder
and a carbonaceous binder and
Process for their manufacture

Anmelder:Applicant:

Union Carbide Corporation, New York, N. Y.
(V. St. A.)Union Carbide Corporation, New York, NY
(V. St. A.)

Vertreter:Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. Görtz, Patentanwalt,
Frankfurt/M., Schneckenhofstr. 27Dipl.-Ing. H. Görtz, patent attorney,
Frankfurt / M., Schneckenhofstr. 27

Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:

William Clay Beasley, Lawrenceburg, Term.William Clay Beasley, Lawrenceburg, Term.

(V. St. A.)(V. St. A.)

Beanspruchte Priorität:Claimed priority:

V. St. v. Amerika vom 9. JuH 1962 (208 510)V. St. v. America from June 9, 1962 (208 510)

Gewichtsprozent Phenolharz, etwa 25 Gewichtsprozent Furfuralkohol und etwa 25 Gewichtsprozent Furfurol.Weight percent phenolic resin, about 25 weight percent furfural alcohol and about 25 weight percent Furfural.

Gute Formkörper werden erhalten, wenn man bei ihrer Herstellung auf 1 Teil des Bindemittels 2 bis Teile des verkohlten Gewebes verwendet.Good moldings are obtained if 1 part of the binder is used for 2 bis Parts of the charred tissue used.

Bei der Herstellung der Formkörper können das Formen und Erhitzen gegebenenfalls gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper zeichnen sich durch hohe Festigkeit und geringe Dichte aus.In the production of the moldings, the molding and heating can optionally be carried out at the same time be performed. The moldings according to the invention are distinguished by high and low strength Density.

Beispiel 1example 1

2 Teile eines zerfaserten Kohlenstoffgewebes wurden mit 1 Teil eines Gemisches aus 50 Gewichtsprozent Phenolharz, 25 Gewichtsprozent Furfuralkohol und Gewichtsprozent Furfurol gemischt. Das Gemisch. wurde unter einem Druck von 0,50 kg/mm2 zu einer Scheibe mit 25 cm Durchmesser und 7,5 cm Dicke2 parts of a fiberized carbon fabric were mixed with 1 part of a mixture of 50 percent by weight phenolic resin, 25 percent by weight furfural alcohol and percent by weight furfural. The mixture. became a disk 25 cm in diameter and 7.5 cm in thickness under a pressure of 0.50 kg / mm 2

609 539/395609 539/395

verformt und 6 Stunden bei etwa 130° C ausgehärtet. Die so hergestellte Scheibe wurde in einem Behälter in Koks eingebettet, wobei der Zutritt der Luft mittels einer 7,5 cm dicken Holzkohleschicht und einer 5 cm dicken Sandschicht verhindert wurde. Dann wurde die Temperatur um 10° C stündlich auf 600° C, um 60° C stündlich auf 800° C gesteigert und 2 Stunden lang bei 8000C gehalten. : deformed and cured for 6 hours at about 130 ° C. The disk produced in this way was embedded in coke in a container, the air being prevented from entering by means of a 7.5 cm thick layer of charcoal and a 5 cm thick layer of sand. Then, the temperature was 10 ° C per hour to 600 ° C, per hour increased by 60 ° C to 800 ° C and kept at 800 0 C for 2 hours. :

Einige Eigenschaften des so hergestellten Formkörpers bei Raumtemperatur sind:Some properties of the molded body produced in this way at room temperature are:

Schüttgewieht 0,94 g/cm3 Bulk weight 0.94 g / cm 3

Biegefestigkeit . ... Flexural strength. ...

in Faserrichtung 0,984 kg/τητη2 1S in the grain direction 0.984 kg / τητη 2 1S

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,633 kg/mm2 against the grain direction .. 0.633 kg / mm 2

Young-ModulYoung module

in. Faserrichtung 0,70 kg/mm2 · 103 in. fiber direction 0.70 kg / mm 2 · 10 3

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,35 kg/mm2 · 103 against the grain direction .. 0.35 kg / mm 2 · 10 3

Elektrischer WiderstandElectrical resistance

in Faserrichtung 0,022 Mikroohm/cm0.022 microohm / cm in the fiber direction

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,031 Mikroohm/cmagainst the fiber direction .. 0.031 microohms / cm

Beispiel2Example2

Als Ausgangsstoff wurde ein Graphitgewebe verwendet. Bis zum Verkohlen der Scheibe wurde so verfahren, wie es im Beispiel 1 beschrieben ist. Dann wurde die Temperatur um 15°C stündlich auf 500°C, um 60° C stündlich auf 800° C gesteigert und 2 Stunden bei 800° C gehalten.A graphite fabric was used as the starting material. This was done until the disk was charred, as described in Example 1. Then the temperature increased by 15 ° C every hour to 500 ° C, increased by 60 ° C hourly to 800 ° C and held at 800 ° C for 2 hours.

Anschließend ließ man den Formkörper im Behälter auf 300°C abkühlen.The shaped body was then allowed to cool to 300 ° C. in the container.

Einige Eigenschaften des so hergestellten Formkörpers bei Raumtemperatur sind:Some properties of the molded body produced in this way at room temperature are:

4040

Schüttgewieht 1,10 g/cm3 Bulk weight 1.10 g / cm 3

GragMtierung wurde ,der Ofen stündlich mit'0,15 bis 0,30 m3 Stickstoff zur Entfernung der sich entwickelnden flüchtigen Stoffe gespült. Nach Abkühlen auf etwa 500° C wurden die Gegenstände aus dem Ofen entfernt. ,-The furnace was flushed every hour with 0.15 to 0.30 m 3 of nitrogen to remove the volatile substances that developed. After cooling to about 500 ° C, the items were removed from the oven. , -

Einige Eigenschaften der so hergestellten Formkörper bei Raumtemperatur sind: Some properties of the moldings produced in this way at room temperature are:

Schüttgewieht , 1,00 g/cm3 Bulk weight, 1.00 g / cm 3

IO Biegefestigkeit IO flexural strength

in Faserrichtung ^. 1,195 kg/mm2 in grain direction ^. 1.195 kg / mm 2

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,352 kg/mm2 against the grain direction .. 0.352 kg / mm 2

t_' Young-Modul t _ 'Young module

in Faserrichtung i 0,5484 kg/mm2 · 103 in the direction of the grain i 0.5484 kg / mm 2 · 10 3

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,1687 kg/mm2 · 103 against the grain direction .. 0.1687 kg / mm 2 · 10 3

Elektrischer WiderstandElectrical resistance

in Faserrichtung 0,003 Mikroohm/cm0.003 microohm / cm in the fiber direction

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,007 Mikroohm/cmagainst the grain direction .. 0.007 microohms / cm

BiegefestigkeitFlexural strength

in Faserrichtung 0,773 kg/mm2'in grain direction 0.773 kg / mm 2 '

gegen die Fäserrichtung .. 0,211 kg/mm2 against the direction of the grain .. 0.211 kg / mm 2

4545

Young-ModulYoung module

in Faserrichtung 0,795 kg/mm2 · 103 in the direction of the grain 0.795 kg / mm 2 · 10 3

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,225 kg/mm2 · ΙΟ3 against the grain direction .. 0.225 kg / mm 2 · ΙΟ 3

Elektrischer WiderstandElectrical resistance

in Faserrichtung 0^010 Mikroohm/cmin the fiber direction 0 ^ 010 microohms / cm

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,024 Mikroohm/cmagainst the fiber direction .. 0.024 microohm / cm

Beispiel 3-Example 3-

Gemäß- Beispiel 2 hergestellte Scheiben wurden zerkleinert und die Stücke in einen 50 cm langen Graphitbehälter mit einem Innendurchmesser von 23 cm gepackt. Discs produced according to Example 2 were comminuted and the pieces packed in a 50 cm long graphite container with an inner diameter of 23 cm.

Der Deckel und der Boden des Behälters hatten kleine Öffnungen für den Austritt flüchtiger Stoffe,, die sich während der G'raphitierung entwickeln. Der Behälter wurde in die heiße Zone eines Rohrofens mit einem Durchmesser von 25 cm eingebracht und 4 Stunden lang· auf 2800° C erhitzt. Während derThe lid and the bottom of the container had small openings for the escape of volatile substances. which develop during the graphing. The container was placed in the hot zone of a tube furnace with a diameter of 25 cm and heated to 2800 ° C. for 4 hours. During the

Beispiel 4Example 4

Eine gemäß Beispiel 1 hergestellte und bearbeitete Scheibe wurde; gemäß Beispiel 3 graphitiert mit der Abweichung, daß sie annähernd 8 Stunden lang auf 2800° C erhitzt wurde.A disk produced and machined according to Example 1 was; graphitized according to Example 3 with the The difference is that it was heated to 2800 ° C for approximately 8 hours.

Diese verlängerte Erhitzungsdauer verhindert Rißbildung durch Schrumpfen und läßt den flüchtigen Stoffen mehr Zeit zum Entweichen.This extended heating time prevents cracking by shrinking and allowing more time for volatiles to escape.

Einige Eigenschaften der so hergestellten Formkörper bei Raumtemperatur sind:Some properties of the moldings produced in this way at room temperature are:

Schüttgewieht 0,96 g/cm2·Bulk weight 0.96 g / cm 2

Biegefestigkeit·Flexural strength

in Faserrichtung ,. 1,410 kg/mm2 in grain direction,. 1.410 kg / mm 2

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,492 kg/mm2 against the grain direction .. 0.492 kg / mm 2

Young-ModulYoung module

in Faserrichtung 0,654 kg/mm2 in the direction of the grain 0.654 kg / mm 2

gegen die Faserrichtung .. 0,281 kg/mm2 against the grain direction .. 0.281 kg / mm 2

Elektrischer WiderstandElectrical resistance

in Faserrichtung 0,005 Mikroohm/cm0.005 microohm / cm in the fiber direction

gegen die Faserrichtung. .. 0,009 Mikroohm/cmagainst the grain. .. 0.009 microohms / cm

Die erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstände aus reinem Graphit unterscheiden sich von den bekannten Laminaten durch die geringere Ausrichtung der Fasern. Diese ungeordnete Faserlagerung ist in der Mikrophotographie erkennbar.The objects according to the invention made of pure graphite differ from the known ones Laminates due to the lower alignment of the fibers. This disordered fiber storage is in the Photomicrograph recognizable.

Die ganz aus Graphit bestehenden erfindungsrgemäßen Gegenstände sind als Träger für pyrolytischen Kohlenstoff für aus Dampf abgeschiedenes Wolfram und andere hochtemperaturfeste Schichten sowie als Unterlagen für freistehende Einsätze aus Wolfram,, pyrolytischem Kohlenstoff und Graphit geeignet. Die neuen Stoffe können auch in Bereichen geringer Erosion,, beispielsweise für Teile von Geschossen und Raketen, verwendet werden.The entirely made of graphite according to the invention Articles are used as a support for pyrolytic carbon for vapor deposited Tungsten and other high-temperature-resistant layers and as a base for free-standing applications Tungsten, pyrolytic carbon and graphite are suitable. The new substances can also be used in areas of low erosion, for example for parts of projectiles and missiles.

In der folgenden Tabelle sind einige Eigenschaften von Formkörpern gemäß der Erfindung und vom Formkörpern aus Graphit und aus gebundenen geschichteten Graphitgeweben zusammengestellt.In the following table are some properties of shaped bodies according to the invention and of shaped bodies made of graphite and of bonded layered ones Graphite fabrics put together.

Eigenschaftcharacteristic

Üblicher Graphit aus RußCommon graphite made from carbon black

austhe end

Petroleumkoks Petroleum coke

GraphitgewebeschichtenGraphite fabric layers

mit Kohlenstoff gebundenbound with carbon

Graphit gebunden Erfindungsgemäße FormkörperGraphite bonded moldings according to the invention

verkohlte
Fasern mit
Kohlenstoff
gebundencharred
Fibers with
carbon
bound Graph
mit Koh
lenstoff
gebundengraph
with Koh
fuel
bound itfasern
mit
Graphit
gebundenit fibers
with
graphite
bound 0,940.94 1,151.15 1,101.10 0,984
0,6330.984
0.633 1,195
0,2111.195
0.211 1,195
6,3521.195
6.352 0,022
0,0310.022
0.031 0,042
0,0250.042
0.025 0,003
0,0070.003
0.007 22,022.0 28,7
36,528.7
36.5 29,2
34,4 '29.2
34.4 ' 3,7
1,83.7
1.8 5,6
2,75.6
2.7 25 bis 31
9 bis 1825 to 31
9 to 18

Fasern und Bindemittel gleichzeitig graphitiertFibers and binders graphitized at the same time

Schüttgewicht,
g/cm3 Bulk weight,
g / cm 3

Biegefestigkeit,
kg/mmFlexural strength,
kg / mm

i. F i. F.

g.F g.F

Spezifischer Widerstand, Ohm/cmSpecific resistance, ohms / cm

i. F i. F.

ε. F ε. F.

1,531.53

1,687
1,2661.687
1.266

0,0063
0,00630.0063
0.0063

Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient· io-7/°cThermal expansion coefficient io- 7 / ° c

i. F i. F.

g-F g-F

Wärmeleitfähigkeit
kcal/h -Hi-0CThermal conductivity
kcal / h -Hi- 0 C

i. F i. F.

g-F g-F

. F. = in Faserrichtung
g. F. = gegen Faserrichtung. F. = in the direction of the grain
G. F. = against grain direction

45 bis 50
45 bis 5045 to 50
45 to 50

22,2 bis 29,6
22,2 bis 29,622.2 to 29.6
22.2 to 29.6

1,581.58

1,828 0,7001.828 0.700

0,0080 0,00130.0080 0.0013

25,0 35,025.0 35.0

119 bis 178 74 bis 104119 to 178 74 to 104

1,191.19

1,547 0,0351.547 0.035

0,010 0,0720.010 0.072

24,8 41,824.8 41.8

1,161.16

2,25 0,072.25 0.07

0,0025 0,01300.0025 0.0130

28,3 34,728.3 34.7

21 bis 7,4 bis 0,9621 to 7.4 to 0.96

1,410 0,4921.410 0.492

0,005 0,0090.005 0.009

26,026.0

Claims (9)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Formkörper aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material und einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Bindemittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als kohlenstoffhaltiges Material ein zerfasertes ungeordnetes verkohltes Gewebe aus Cellulose enthalten. 1. Shaped body made of carbonaceous material and a carbonaceous binder, thereby characterized in that it is a fiberized disordered material as a carbonaceous material Contain charred tissue made of cellulose. 2. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als kohlenstoffhaltiges Material ein durch Erhitzen in Graphit übergeführtes Gewebe aus Cellulose enthalten.2. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used as a carbonaceous material contain a tissue made of cellulose which has been converted into graphite by heating. 3. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein verkohltes Bindemittel enthalten.3. Shaped body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a charred binder contain. 4. Formkörper nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein durch Erhitzen in Graphit übergeführtes Bindemittel enthalten.4. Shaped body according to claim 3, characterized in that it is a by heating in Contain graphite transferred binder. 5. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein verkohltes Gewebe aus Cellulose zerfasert, die zerfaserten Stücke ungeordnet mit einem verkohlbaren Bindemittel mischt, das Gemisch unter Druck formt und bis zur Verkohlung des Bindemittels erhitzt.5. A method for the production of molded bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that a charred tissue of cellulose is frayed, the frayed pieces disordered mixes with a charring binder, molding the mixture under pressure and until charring of the binder heated. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Gemisch auf eine solche Temperatur erhitzt, bei welcher das Bindemittel in Graphit übergeführt wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixture on such Heated temperature at which the binder is converted into graphite. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als verkohlbares Bindemittel ein Phenolharz, ein Pech, ein Epoxyharz, Furfurol, Furfuralkohol oder Gemische dieser Stoffe verwendet.7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that there is used as carbonizable binder a phenolic resin, a pitch, an epoxy resin, furfural, furfural alcohol or mixtures of these Fabrics used. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Bindemittel ein Gemisch aus etwa 50 Gewichtsprozent Phenolharz, etwa 25 Gewichtsprozent Furfuralkohol und etwa 25 Gewichtsprozent Furfurol verwendet.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a mixture of about 50 percent by weight phenolic resin, about 25 percent by weight furfural alcohol and about 25 percent by weight Furfural used. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man auf 1 Teil des Bindemittels 2 bis 3 Teile des verkohlten Gewebes verwendet.9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that one part of the binder used 2 to 3 parts of the charred fabric. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:Considered publications: Deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 1130 419; USA.-Patentschriften Nr. 2 997 739, 2 796 331; französische Patentschrift Nr. 1236 007; britische Patentschrift Nr. 810 509.German Patent No. 1130,419; U.S. Patent Nos. 2,997,739, 2,796,331; French Patent No. 1236 007; British Patent No. 810 509. Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings 609 539/395 3.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin609 539/395 3.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin
DEU9950A 1962-07-09 1963-07-09 Foerm body made of carbonaceous material and a carbonaceous binder and process for their manufacture Pending DE1213334B (en)

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US208510A US3407038A (en) 1962-07-09 1962-07-09 Shredded carbonaceous fiber compactions and method of making the same

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