DE1129002B - Device for determining the moisture and density of substances - Google Patents
Device for determining the moisture and density of substancesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1129002B DE1129002B DEI16927A DEI0016927A DE1129002B DE 1129002 B DE1129002 B DE 1129002B DE I16927 A DEI16927 A DE I16927A DE I0016927 A DEI0016927 A DE I0016927A DE 1129002 B DE1129002 B DE 1129002B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gamma
- density
- moisture
- neutrons
- neutron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/09—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being neutrons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V5/08—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays
- G01V5/14—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using a combination of several sources, e.g. a neutron and a gamma source
- G01V5/145—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using a combination of several sources, e.g. a neutron and a gamma source using a neutron source combined with a gamma- or X-ray source
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit und Dichte von Stoffen Es ist bekannt, den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt vorzugsweise in körnigen Stoffen durch Einführen einer Meßsonde zu bestimmen, die mit einer Quelle für schnelle Neutronen und einem Empfänger für thermische Neutronen ausgerüstet ist. Die schnellen Neutronen werden durch Wasserstoffatome rascher verlangsamt als durch andere Elemente, so daß aus der Impulsrate der langsamen Neutronen der Wassergehalt je Volumeinheit bestimmt werden kann.Device for determining the moisture and density of substances It is known to increase the moisture content preferably in granular materials by introducing a probe to determine the one with a source of fast neutrons and a Receiver for thermal neutrons is equipped. The neutrons will be fast slowed down faster by hydrogen atoms than by other elements, so that off the pulse rate of the slow neutrons determines the water content per unit volume can be.
Will man jedoch den Wassergehalt wie üblich in Gewichtsprozent bestimmen, so ist außerdem eine zweite Messung zum Ermitteln der Substanzdichte nötig. Dies geschieht bisher mit einer zweiten Meßsonde, die aus einer Quelle für Gammastrahlen und einem gammaempfindlichen Empfänger besteht, der durch ein strahlenschwächendes Distanzstück gegen die unmittelbare Wirkung der Strahlenquelle abgeschirmt ist und die gestreuten, auf ihrem Weg zum Empfänger nach Maßgabe der Dichte geschwächten Gammaquanten registriert. However, if you want to determine the water content as usual in percent by weight, a second measurement is also necessary to determine the substance density. this has been done so far with a second measuring probe, which comes from a source for gamma rays and a gamma-sensitive receiver, which consists of a radiation-attenuating Spacer is shielded against the direct effect of the radiation source and the scattered ones, weakened on their way to the recipient according to the density Gamma quanta registered.
Die getrennte Durchführung von Feuchtigkeits-und Dichtemessung ist vor allem bei Bohrlochuntersuchungen zeitraubend und ungenau, weil beide Messungen an einem und demselben Ort und in kurzem zeitlichem Abstand erfolgen sollen. Demgegenüber wird vorgeschlagen, für die Messungen der Feuchtigkeit bzw. Dichte ohne gegenseitige Beeinflussung eine Einrichtung zu benutzen, bei der gemaß der Erfindung in einem und demselben Meßkopf ein Gammastrahler und ein gammastrahlenarmer Neutronenstrahler untergebracht sind, die über die Auslösung von gestreuten Gammastrahlen bzw. verlangsamten Neutronen auf einen und denselben, für beide Strahlenarten empfindlichen Szintillationskristall wirken, wobei die Wirkung der Gammastrahlen auf die Anzeige wahlweise durch übliche elektronische Maßnahmen, z. B. durch Spannungsänderung am Multiplier, unterdrückt werden kann. The separate implementation of moisture and density measurements is Time-consuming and imprecise, especially for borehole surveys, because both measurements should take place in one and the same place and at short intervals. In contrast it is suggested for measurements of moisture or density without mutual To use influencing a device in which according to the invention in one and the same measuring head a gamma emitter and a low-gamma ray neutron emitter are housed, which slowed down via the release of scattered gamma rays or Neutrons on one and the same scintillation crystal, which is sensitive to both types of radiation act, the effect of the gamma rays on the display optionally by usual electronic measures, e.g. B. by voltage change at the multiplier, suppressed can be.
Der Gammastrahler muß von dem Szintillationskristall durch ein Distanzstück getrennt sein, da die Empfindlichkeit für die Gammadichtemessung um so höher wird, je größer der Abstand zwischen Gamma strahler und Empfänger ist, während die Neutronenquelle möglichst nahe am Empfänger sein muß, um ausreichend große Impulszahlen und Empfindlichkeiten zu erreichen. The gamma emitter must be separated from the scintillation crystal through a spacer be separated, since the sensitivity for the gamma density measurement becomes higher, the greater the distance between the gamma emitter and the receiver while the neutron source is must be as close as possible to the receiver in order to have sufficiently large pulse numbers and sensitivities to reach.
Mit der beschriebenen Sonde kann man entweder bei niederer Betriebsspannung die Feuchtigkeit durch Messung der verlangsamten Neutronen allein oder bei höherer Spannung die Dichte durch Messung der gestreuten Gammastrahlen einschließlich langsamer Neutronen ermitteln. Das heißt, daß mindestens theo- retisch die Dichtemessung durch die Neutronen, also durch die Feuchtigkeit beeinflußt wird. Dieser Einfluß wirkt sich jedoch praktisch nicht aus, wenn die Zahl der registrierten Gammaimpulse die der registrierten Neutronenimpulse weit überwiegt. Deshalb ist die Stärke der beiden Strahlungsquellen derart aufeinander abzustimmen, daß die Neutronendichte am Empfänger mehr als eine Größenordnung unter der dort auftretenden Gammadichte liegt. With the probe described you can either with a low operating voltage the humidity by measuring the decelerated neutrons alone or at higher Tension the density by measuring the scattered gamma rays including slower Detect neutrons. This means that at least theo- retic the density measurement the neutrons, that is, is influenced by the moisture. This influence works however, it is practically ineffective if the number of registered gamma pulses exceeds the of the registered neutron pulses far outweighs. That is why the strength of the two is To coordinate radiation sources so that the neutron density at the receiver is more than an order of magnitude below the gamma density occurring there.
Auf diese Weise wird durch eine einfache elektronische Maßnahme erreicht, daß Feuchtigkeit und Dichte mit derselben Einrichtung getrennt erfaßt werden können. Allerdings muß diese Aussage dahin gehend eingeschränkt werden, daß große Feuchtigkeitsgehalte auch die Schwächung der gestreuten Gammastrahlen beeinflussen können. Um diesen Einfluß aus der Dichtemessung auszuschalten, muß der Empfänger von einem dünnen, hochatomigen Ab sorber (z. B. Bleifolle von einigen zehntel Millimeter Dicke) umgeben sein, wodurch die Wirkung der vorzugsweise an Wasserstoff wiederholt reflektierten, sehr weichen Gammastrahlung ausgeschieden wird. In this way it is achieved by a simple electronic measure that moisture and density can be measured separately with the same device. However, this statement must be restricted to the effect that large moisture contents can also influence the attenuation of the scattered gamma rays. To this one To eliminate the influence of the density measurement, the receiver has to use a thin, highly atomic absorber (e.g. lead a few tenths of a millimeter thick) be, whereby the effect of the preferably repeatedly reflected on hydrogen, very soft gamma radiation is excreted.
Die Einrichtung soll an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Das Meßgerät gemäß der Figur besteht aus einer Sonde A, die durch ein Kabel B in die Meßsubstanz C eingeführt wird. In der Sonde A befinden sich in einer Pb-Folie D bestimmter Dicke eine für langsame Neutronen und für Gammastrahlen empfindliche Kristallkombination E und ein Multiplier mit Vorverstärker F als Szmtillationsdetektor. The device is to be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The measuring device according to the figure consists of a probe A, which is connected by a cable B in the substance to be measured C is introduced. In the probe A are located in a Pb foil D certain thickness one for slow neutrons and one sensitive to gamma rays Crystal combination E and a multiplier with preamplifier F as a distillation detector.
Die Strahlenquellen sind so in der Sonde A untergebracht, daß sich die gammastrahlenarme Neutronenquelle C unterhalb des Kristalls E befindet und von diesem durch einen kegelförmigen Bleiblock H abgeschirmt ist, während die Gammastrahlenquelle J durch ein Bleidistanzstäck K geeigneter Form und Größe vom Kristall getrennt ist. The radiation sources are housed in the probe A that the low-gamma-ray neutron source C is located below the crystal E and from this shielded by a cone-shaped lead block H while the gamma ray source J is separated from the crystal by a lead spacer K of suitable shape and size.
Die Einrichtung beschränkt sich nicht allein auf die Messung von Feuchtigkeit und Dichte, es können damit auch ganz allgemein Grenzschichten zweier verschiedener fester oder flüssiger Medien lokalisiert werden. The setup is not limited to the measurement of Moisture and density, there can also be general boundary layers between two different solid or liquid media can be localized.
PATENTANSPRÜCflE: 1. Einrichtung zum Bestimmen der Dichte bzw. der Feuchtigkeit im Boden oder in Schüttgütern mit Hilfe von Gammastrahlen bzw. Neutronen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem und demselben Meßkopf ein Gammastrahler und ein gammastrahlenarmer Neutronenstrahler untere bracht sind, die über die Auslösung von gestreuten Gammastrahlen bzw. verlangsamten Neutronen auf einen und denselben, für beide Strahlenarten empfindlichen Szintillationskristall wirken, wobei die Wirkung der Gammastrahlen auf die Anzeige wahlweise durch übliche elektronische Maßnahmen, z. B. durch Spannungsänderung am Multiplier, unterdrückt werden kann. PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Device for determining the density or the Moisture in the ground or in bulk solids with the help of gamma rays or neutrons, characterized in that a gamma emitter and in one and the same measuring head a low-gamma-ray neutron emitter lower are brought about by the triggering from scattered gamma rays or decelerated neutrons on one and the same, for both types of radiation sensitive scintillation crystal act, whereby the effect the gamma rays on the display optionally by conventional electronic measures, z. B. can be suppressed by changing the voltage at the multiplier.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEI16927A DE1129002B (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1959-09-03 | Device for determining the moisture and density of substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEI16927A DE1129002B (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1959-09-03 | Device for determining the moisture and density of substances |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1129002B true DE1129002B (en) | 1962-05-03 |
Family
ID=7186014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEI16927A Pending DE1129002B (en) | 1959-09-03 | 1959-09-03 | Device for determining the moisture and density of substances |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1129002B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4047042A (en) * | 1974-06-15 | 1977-09-06 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | Method of determining the water equivalent depth of snowfall using neutrons of cosmic rays |
WO1993018401A2 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring physical characteristics of materials |
-
1959
- 1959-09-03 DE DEI16927A patent/DE1129002B/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4047042A (en) * | 1974-06-15 | 1977-09-06 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | Method of determining the water equivalent depth of snowfall using neutrons of cosmic rays |
WO1993018401A2 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring physical characteristics of materials |
WO1993018401A3 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-10-28 | Troxler Electronic Lab Inc | Apparatus and method for measuring physical characteristics of materials |
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