DE1120380B - Process for the continuous separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow - Google Patents

Process for the continuous separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow

Info

Publication number
DE1120380B
DE1120380B DED31101A DED0031101A DE1120380B DE 1120380 B DE1120380 B DE 1120380B DE D31101 A DED31101 A DE D31101A DE D0031101 A DED0031101 A DE D0031101A DE 1120380 B DE1120380 B DE 1120380B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
mixtures
heavy
circular flow
continuous separation
light components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DED31101A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Phil Hans Jancke
Dipl-Ing Hans Beetz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Original Assignee
Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR filed Critical Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Priority to DED31101A priority Critical patent/DE1120380B/en
Publication of DE1120380B publication Critical patent/DE1120380B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/02Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles without inserted separating walls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04CAPPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0442Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
    • B04B2005/0457Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation having three-dimensional spirally wound separation channels

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Trennen von Gemischen schwerer und leichter Komponenten durch eine Zirkularströmung Zum Trennen von Gemischen (Flüssigkeit und Festkörper, Gas und Festkörper, Flüssigkeit- und Gas- bzw. Dampfgemische) ist eine große Anzahl von Anordnungen und Verfahren bekannt, bei denen der Trenneffekt durch Zentrifugalwirkung erreicht wird. Hierbei wird das Gemisch entweder einem Behälter zugeführt und dieser in schnelle Rotation versetzt (Prinzip der Zentrifuge), oder es wird eine Zirkularströmung erzeugt, innerhalb der es in einem feststehenden rohrförmigen Gefäß zu einer Zentrifugalwirkung bei hohen Umlaufgeschwindigkeiten des strömenden Mediums kommt. So ist ferner bekannt, sich bei der kontinuierlichen Trennung von Gemischen schwerer und leichter Komponenten eines Rohres zu bedienen, wobei die leichtere Komponente in der Rohrmitte, die schwerere Komponente in der Nähe der Innenwand des Rohres abgezogen wird. Bei diesem Verfahren ist der theoretische Wert des Trennfaktors, der wegen der erreichbaren hohen Geschwindigkeiten große Werte annehmen kann, in der Praxis wegen der eine Turbulenz erzeugenden Reibung an den Gefäßwänden nicht erreichbar. Die für die Turbulenz maßgebende Reynoldsche Zahl sinkt jedoch proportional dem Druck, so daß eine Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit durch Erniedrigung des Druckes ermöglicht wird, ohne die kritischen Werte der Reynoldschen Zahl zu überschreiten. Damit sinkt aber bekanntlich der Massendurchsatz, so daß zwar der Trennfaktor besser, die praktische Ausbeute jedoch gering wird.Process for the continuous separation of mixtures heavy and lighter components through a circular flow For separating mixtures (liquid and solid, gas and solid, liquid and gas or vapor mixtures) a large number of arrangements and methods are known in which the separation effect is achieved by centrifugal action. Here the mixture is either one Container is fed and this is set in rapid rotation (principle of the centrifuge), or a circular flow is created, within which it is in a stationary state tubular vessel to a centrifugal effect at high rotational speeds of the flowing medium comes. So is also known to be in the continuous Separation of mixtures of heavy and light components of a pipe to operate, with the lighter component in the middle of the pipe, the heavier component in the Near the inner wall of the pipe is peeled off. In this procedure, the theoretical Value of the separation factor, which is large because of the high speeds that can be achieved Can assume values, in practice, because of the friction that creates turbulence not accessible on the vessel walls. Reynold's decisive for turbulence However, the number decreases proportionally to the pressure, so that an increase in the flow rate is made possible by lowering the pressure, without the critical values of the Reynolds Exceed number. As is known, however, the mass throughput drops so that although the separation factor is better, the practical yield is low.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Trennen von Gemischen schwerer und leichter Komponenten durch eine Zirkularströmung ohne Reibung an der Außenwand unter Berücksichtigung eines hohen Trenneffektes zu schaffen. Dabei muß dafür Sorge getragen werden. daß die das Medium umschließende Wand gegenüber diesem ganz oder nahezu in Ruhe bleibt, so daß keine oder nur die einer restlichen Relativgeschwindigkeit entsprechende Störung der laminären Strömung auftritt und die Störung des Trenneffektes durch Turbulenz weitgehend vermieden wird. Es kann damit entweder der Trennfaktor oder der Druck (= Massendurchsatz) auf optimale Werte gebracht werden.The invention is based on the object of a method for continuous Separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow without friction on the outer wall, taking into account a high separation effect create. Care must be taken here. that the medium enclosing Wall opposite this remains completely or almost at rest, so that none or only the a disturbance of the laminar flow corresponding to a remaining relative speed occurs and the disruption of the separation effect due to turbulence is largely avoided will. Either the separation factor or the pressure (= mass throughput) brought to optimal values.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß bei einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden Ultrazentrifuge ein zu behandelndes Medium in einen Rotor strömt, der mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in der Strömungsrichtung umläuft, wobei der Rotor eine Spiralnut aufweist.According to the invention this is achieved in that at a continuously working ultracentrifuge, a medium to be treated flows into a rotor which rotates at high speed in the direction of flow, the rotor being a Has spiral groove.

Zur Vermeidung von Turbulenz ist die Geschwindigkeit der Wand nahezu gleich der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des zugeführten Gemisches, mindestens aber so hoch, daß die für die Turbulenz in dem Gemisch charakteristischen Werte der Reynoldschen Zahl für die Relativbewegung zwischen Wand und Medium nicht erreicht werden, indem die Wand, die den Raum mit dem zirkular strömenden Gemisch umschließt, sich in gleicher Richtung wie die Zirkularströmung bewegt.To avoid turbulence, the speed of the wall is close to equal to the flow rate of the supplied mixture, but at least so high that the Reynolds' values characteristic of the turbulence in the mixture Number for the relative movement between wall and medium cannot be achieved by the wall that encloses the room with the circularly flowing mixture is the same Direction as the circular flow moves.

Das Verfahren ist sowohl für Flüssigkeiten als auch für Gase geeignet. Die Anwendung bezieht sich insbesondere auf die kontinuierliche Ultrazentrifugierung (z. B. Aussonderung von Bakterien statt Filterung), aber auch auf die Trennung von Isotopen in Gasgemischen.The method is suitable for both liquids and gases. The application relates in particular to continuous ultracentrifugation (e.g. elimination of bacteria instead of filtering), but also the separation of Isotopes in gas mixtures.

Die Erfindung ist an Hand der Zeichnung beispielsweise erläutert. In Fig. 1 und 2 sind modifizierteVerfahren zumTrennen von Gemischen mittels eines Hohlkörpers und in Fig. 3 ein solches Verfahren nach der Erfindung dargestellt.The invention is explained with reference to the drawing, for example. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there are modified methods of separating mixtures by means of a Hollow body and shown in Fig. 3 such a method according to the invention.

So ist aus Fig. 1 und 2 zu entnehmen, daß ein Gas 1 a bzw. 1 b unter Druck tangential in ein rotierendes Rohr 2 a bzw. einen rotierenden Kegel 2 b eingeführt wird, wobei die Richtung der Zentrifugalkraft durch den Pfeil 3 a angegeben ist. Bei der kontinuierlichen Trennung von Gemischen wird die leichtere Komponente in der Hohlkörpermitte 5 a bzw. 5 b, die schwerere Komponente in der Nähe der Innenwand 4 a bzw. 4 b des Hohlkörpers abgezogen oder strömt aus.1 and 2 show that a gas 1 a or 1 b is introduced under pressure tangentially into a rotating tube 2 a or a rotating cone 2 b , the direction of the centrifugal force being indicated by the arrow 3 a is. In the continuous separation of mixtures, the lighter component in the middle of the hollow body 5 a or 5 b, the heavier component near the inner wall 4 a or 4 b of the hollow body is withdrawn or flows out.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 strömt ein Medium 1 c unter hohem Druck in einen putenartig ausgebildeten Rotor 2e ein. Die leichte Komponente wird innen bei 4c, die schwere Komponente außen bei S c in Richtung der Rotations- bzw. Strömungsachse 3 c abgezogen bzw. strömt aus.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, a medium 1 c flows under high pressure in a turkey-like rotor 2e. The light component will inside at 4c, the heavy component outside at S c in the direction of the rotation resp. Flow axis 3 c withdrawn or flows out.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCT3: -Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Trennen von Gemischen schwerer und leichter Komponenten durch eine Zirkularströmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden Ultrazentrifuge das zu behandelnde Medium in einen Rotor strömt, der mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in der-Strömungsrichtung umläuft, wobei der Rotor eine Spiralnut aufweist. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 139 210, 906 094.PATENTANSPRUCT3: -Process for the continuous separation of mixtures heavier and lighter components by a circular flow, characterized that in a continuously operating ultracentrifuge the medium to be treated flows into a rotor rotating at high speed in the direction of flow, wherein the rotor has a spiral groove. Publications considered: German Patent Nos. 139 210, 906 094.
DED31101A 1959-07-18 1959-07-18 Process for the continuous separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow Pending DE1120380B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED31101A DE1120380B (en) 1959-07-18 1959-07-18 Process for the continuous separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED31101A DE1120380B (en) 1959-07-18 1959-07-18 Process for the continuous separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1120380B true DE1120380B (en) 1961-12-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DED31101A Pending DE1120380B (en) 1959-07-18 1959-07-18 Process for the continuous separation of mixtures of heavy and light components by means of a circular flow

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996009119A1 (en) * 1994-09-24 1996-03-28 Holger Gall Centrifuge for mechanically obtaining vegetable oil

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE139210C (en) *
DE906094C (en) * 1938-07-12 1954-03-11 Martin Hans Device and method for separating gas mixtures by using artificially generated gravity fields

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE139210C (en) *
DE906094C (en) * 1938-07-12 1954-03-11 Martin Hans Device and method for separating gas mixtures by using artificially generated gravity fields

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996009119A1 (en) * 1994-09-24 1996-03-28 Holger Gall Centrifuge for mechanically obtaining vegetable oil

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