DE10335417A1 - Production of ruthenium complex for use as metathesis catalyst, involves Claisen rearrangement of allyl phenyl ether, double bond isomerisation and alkylation to a 2-propenyl-phenoxy compound, and ligand exchange - Google Patents
Production of ruthenium complex for use as metathesis catalyst, involves Claisen rearrangement of allyl phenyl ether, double bond isomerisation and alkylation to a 2-propenyl-phenoxy compound, and ligand exchange Download PDFInfo
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- DE10335417A1 DE10335417A1 DE10335417A DE10335417A DE10335417A1 DE 10335417 A1 DE10335417 A1 DE 10335417A1 DE 10335417 A DE10335417 A DE 10335417A DE 10335417 A DE10335417 A DE 10335417A DE 10335417 A1 DE10335417 A1 DE 10335417A1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003446 ligand Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- -1 2-propenyl-phenoxy compound Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000005821 Claisen rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxybenzene Chemical compound C=CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005090 alkenylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005194 alkoxycarbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005282 allenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000002933 cyclohexyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCC1)O* 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003358 C2-C20 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005135 aryl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006254 arylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CQHVKIKUMGANHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(2-prop-1-enylphenoxy)propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC CQHVKIKUMGANHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHGXZPQWZJUGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-enylphenol Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1O WHGXZPQWZJUGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pent-4-en-2-one Chemical group CC(=C)CC(=O)Cc1c(C)cc(C)cc1C UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWCLVTWNGDYTHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-1-propan-2-yloxy-2-prop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1OC(C)C ZWCLVTWNGDYTHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTLDTPXQBNNIPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1CC=C CTLDTPXQBNNIPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005092 alkenyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005418 aryl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011097 chromatography purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNOPMSXDMMRDGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 3-methylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1(C(=O)OCC)CC=C(C)C1 SNOPMSXDMMRDGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003622 immobilized catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical group II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl iodide Chemical compound CC(C)I FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACEONLNNWKIPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)Br ACEONLNNWKIPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930015698 phenylpropene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005556 structure-activity relationship Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2265—Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2265—Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image)
- B01J31/2269—Heterocyclic carbenes
- B01J31/2273—Heterocyclic carbenes with only nitrogen as heteroatomic ring members, e.g. 1,3-diarylimidazoline-2-ylidenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/23—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/235—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring and to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/253—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring and to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
- C07C69/708—Ethers
- C07C69/712—Ethers the hydroxy group of the ester being etherified with a hydroxy compound having the hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/50—Redistribution or isomerisation reactions of C-C, C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/54—Metathesis reactions, e.g. olefin metathesis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/821—Ruthenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
- C07C2601/10—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Als hochaktive, luftstabile u. zurückgewinnbare Metathesekatalysatoren sind Ruthenium-Komplexe bekannt geworden. (PCT-Anmeldung WO 02/14376 A2), die als Liganden Carbene der Formel A enthalten.When highly active, air-stable u. recoverable Metathesis catalysts have become known ruthenium complexes. (PCT application WO 02/14376 A2), which as ligands carbenes of the formula A included.
In Formel A steht R für eine Vielzahl von ggf. substituierten Alkyl-, Alkenyl-, Aryl- und anderen Resten, a, b, c und d stehen ebenfalls für eine große Zahl gleicher oder verschiedener Substituenten.In Formula A is R for a plurality of optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and other radicals, a, b, c and d are also for a big Number of identical or different substituents.
Es sind weiterhin Katalysatoren dieser Art bekannt geworden. (Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, Nr. 5, 832–834; Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, Nr. 13, 2509–2511; Angew. Chemie 2002, 114, Nr. 21, 421–421), die eine noch höhere Aktivität besitzen als die in der oben genannten PCT-Anmeldung exemplarisch beschriebenen Vertreter dieses Typs. Es wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass geringfügige Veränderungen der Reste bzw. Substituenten in A zu signifikanten Verbesserungen der Eigenschaften eines Metathesekatalysators dieses Typs führen können, (s. Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, Nr. 13, 2511, Absatz 1: "In conclusion...").It Furthermore, catalysts of this type have become known. (Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, No. 5, 832-834; Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, No. 13, 2509-2511; Angew. Chemistry 2002, 114, No. 21, 421-421), the one even higher activity as exemplified in the above PCT application described representatives of this type. It is explicitly stated pointed out that minor changes of the radicals or substituents in A to significant improvements the properties of a metathesis catalyst of this type can lead, (s. Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, no. 13, 2511, paragraph 1: "In Conclusion ...").
Bislang wurden zur Herstellung der Vorstufe eines Carbenliganden vom Typ A Syntheseverfahren eingesetzt bzw. vorgeschlagen, die nur eine eingeschränkte Zahl solcher Präkursoren zugänglich machen können, da als Ausgangsstoffe funktionelle Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, wie z.B. aromatische o-Alkoxyaldehyde, die nur mit eingeschränktem Substituentenvariationen zugänglich sind, und deren Herstellung die Verwendung von metollorganischen Reagenzien notwendig macht, die wiederum mit zahlreichen funktionellen Gruppen nicht kompatibel sind.So far were used to prepare the precursor of a carbene ligand type A synthesis method used or proposed, the only one limited Number of such precursors accessible can do, since functional compounds are used as starting materials, such as. aromatic o-alkoxy aldehydes, which have only limited substituent variations accessible are, and their production the use of metollorganischen Reagents necessary, in turn, with numerous functional groups are not compatible.
Darüberhinaus werden Synthesestufen eingesetzt bzw. vorgeschlagen, die einen Zwangsanfall von Phosphinoxid in stöchiometrischer Menge ergeben oder den Einsatz von hochtoxischen Zinnverbindungen in stöchiometrischer Menge erforderlich machen. Außerdem sind, z. B. für die Herstellung eines eine Nitrogruppe enthaltenden Liganden, Tieftemperatur-Reaktionen offenbar erforderlich.Furthermore Synthesis stages are used or proposed, the one forced attack of phosphine oxide in stoichiometric Quantity yield or the use of highly toxic tin compounds in stoichiometric Require quantity. Furthermore are, for. For example the preparation of a ligand containing a nitro group, low temperature reactions apparently necessary.
Es besteht demnach ein großes Interesse daran, Herstellungsverfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, die Liganden der Formel A enthaltende Katalysatoren in breiter Variation zugänglich machen.It is therefore a big one Interest in providing manufacturing processes that ligands of the formula A containing catalysts in a wide variation.
Das vorliegende erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung einer nahezu unbeschränkten Zahl solcher Katalysatoren.The present inventive method allows the preparation of a virtually unlimited number of such catalysts.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besteht in der Kombination der folgenden Synthesestufen
- 1. Claisen-Umlagerung einer Verbindungen der Formel 1, die zu einer Verbindung der Formel 2 führt.
- 2. C=C-Doppeibindungsisomerisierung von 2 zu einer Verbindung der Formel 3ca.
- 3. Alkylierung oder Arylierung von 3a zu einer Verbindung der Formel 4.
- 4. Umsetzung von 4 mit geeigneten Ruthenium-Komplexen, die unter Ligandenaustausch zu Metathesekatalysatoren der Formel 5 führt.
- 1. Claisen rearrangement of a compound of formula 1, which leads to a compound of formula 2.
- 2. C = C double bond isomerization of 2 to a compound of formula 3ca.
- 3. Alkylation or arylation of 3a to a compound of formula 4.
- 4. Reaction of 4 with suitable ruthenium complexes which leads to metathesis catalysts of the formula 5 under ligand exchange.
Alternativ kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren so gestaltet werden, dass als zweite Synthesestufe zunächst eine Alkylierung oder Arylierung des in der ersten Stufe erhaltenen Zwischenproduktes der Formel 2 zu einer Verbindung der Formel 3b durchgeführt und anschließend in der 3. Synthesestufe die C=C-Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von 3b zu 4 erfolgt.alternative can the inventive method be designed so that as a second stage of synthesis first Alkylation or arylation of the intermediate obtained in the first stage of the formula 2 to a compound of formula 3b and subsequently in the third synthesis step the C = C double bond isomerization of 3b to 4 takes place.
Durch einfache Vorversuche ist im konkreten Fall leicht zu ermitteln, welche Verfahrensvariante vorzuziehen ist. Für eine rationelle Katalysatoroptimierung und zur Ermittlung von Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehungen wird die zuerst beschriebene Variante unter Verwendung des Zwischenproduktes der Formel 3a vorzuziehen sein. Für die Entwicklung eines Produktionsverfahrens ist die zweite Variante ebenfalls in Betracht zu ziehen.By simple preliminary tests can be easily determined in the specific case which process variant is preferable. For a rational catalyst optimization and to determine structure-activity relationships, the first variant described using the intermediate of Formula 3a be preferable. For the development of a production process is the second variant also to be considered.
In
den Formeln 1, 2, 3a, 3b und 4
stehen
R1,
R2, R3 und R4 jeweils unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff,
Alkyl oder Aryl, vorzugsweise für
Wasserstoff.In the formulas 1, 2, 3a, 3b and 4
stand
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, preferably hydrogen.
Wenn R1, R2, R3 oder R4 Alkyl bedeutet, steht dieser Rest beispielsweise für unverzweigte, verzweigte, cyclische oder acyclische C1-C12-Alkylreste, die entweder nicht oder zumindest teilweise durch Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Jod oder unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes Aryl oder durch C1-C12-Alkoxy oder C1-C12-Alkoxycarbonyl substituiert sein können.When R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4 is alkyl, this radical is, for example, unbranched, branched, cyclic or acyclic C 1 -C 12 -alkyl radicals which either not or at least partially by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or unsubstituted or substituted aryl or may be substituted by C 1 -C 12 alkoxy or C 1 -C 12 alkoxycarbonyl.
Wenn R1, R2, R3 oder R4 Aryl bedeutet, steht dieser Rest beispielsweise für carbocyclische aromatische Reste mit 6–12 Gerüstkohlenstoffatomen, die z. B. durch C1-C12-Alkyl, C1-C12-Alkoxy, C1-C12-Alkoxycarbonyl, CN, Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Nitro oder Acyl substituiert sein können.When R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4 aryl, this radical is, for example, carbocyclic aromatic radicals having 6-12 skeleton carbon atoms, the z. B. by C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 alkoxy, C 1 -C 12 alkoxycarbonyl, CN, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro or acyl may be substituted.
In
den Formeln 1, 2, 3a, 3b und 4 steht weiterhin
R für unsubstituiertes
oder substituiertes Alkyl, Alkenyl, Alkinyl, Aryl oder Hetaryl,
wobei
Alkyl beispielsweise für einen unverzweigten oder
verzweigten, cyclischen oder acyclischen C1-C12-Alkylrest, der entweder nicht substituiert
ist oder zumindest teilweise z.B. durch Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Jod,
substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes Aryl, Alkoxy oder Alkoxycarbonyl,
Akenyloxycarbonyl, Alkylcarbonyl, Alkenylcarbonyl oder Arylcarbonyl
substituiert sein kann,
Alkenyl beispielsweise für einen
unverzweigten oder verzweigten, cyclischen oder acyclischen C1-C12-Alkenylrest,
der z.B -O- u./o. Aryl enthalten kann,
Alkinyl beispielsweise
für einen
unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C12-Alkinylrest,
der z.B. Aryl enthalten kann,
Aryl beispielsweise für einen
carbocyclischen aromatischen Rest mit 6–12 Gerüstkohlenstoffatomen, der z.B. C1-C12-Alkyl, vorzugsweise
C1-C12-Alkyl, C1-C12-Alkoxy, vorzugsweise C1-C4-Alkoxy, oder Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Jod, Alkoxycarbonyl
oder eine mono- bzw. di-acylierte oder mono- oder dialkylierte Aminogruppe enthalten kann,
und
Hetaryl für
einen heteroaromatischen Rest steht,
der 5–12 Gerüstkohlenstoffatome enthält und in
dem mindestens ein Kohlenstoffatom durch ein Heteroatom, ausgewählt aus
der Gruppe Stickstoff, Schwefel oder Sauerstoff, ersetzt ist.In the formulas 1, 2, 3a, 3b and 4 is still
R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or hetaryl, wherein
Alkyl is, for example, an unbranched or branched, cyclic or acyclic C 1 -C 12 -alkyl radical which is either unsubstituted or at least partially substituted by, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, Alkenylcarbonyl or arylcarbonyl may be substituted,
Alkenyl, for example, an unbranched or branched, cyclic or acyclic C 1 -C 12 alkenyl radical, for example, -O- u./o. May contain aryl,
Alkynyl, for example, for an unbranched or branched C 1 -C 12 -alkynyl radical which may contain, for example, aryl,
Aryl, for example, for a carbocyclic aromatic radical having 6-12 skeleton carbon atoms, for example C 1 -C 12 alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 alkoxy, preferably C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or May contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, alkoxycarbonyl or a mono- or di-acylated or mono- or dialkylated amino group, and
Hetaryl represents a heteroaromatic radical,
which contains 5-12 skeleton carbon atoms and in which at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from the group of nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
In
den Formeln 1, 2, 3a, 3b und 4 stehen weiterhin
a, b, c und
d, unabhängig
voneinander, für
Wasserstoff,
Halogen, jeweils substituiertes und unsubstituiertes Alkyl, Alkenyl,
Alkinyl, Aryl, Hetaryl, Alkoxy, Alkenyloxy, Aryloxy, Acyloxy, Alkoxycarbonyloxy,
Carboxyl, Alkoxycarbonyl, Alkylcarbonyl, Alkenylcarbonyl, Arylcarbonyl,
Hetarylcarbonyl, Amino, Mono- u. Di-alkylamino, Mono- u. Di-acylamido,
Alkyl- u. Aryl-sulfonyl-amido,
Alkyl- u. Aryl-sulfonyl-amidocarbonyl, Nitro, Cyano, Alkylthio,
Alkylsuffinyl, Alkylsulfonyl, Arylthio, Arylsulfinyl, Arylsulfonyf,
Hetarylthio, Hetarylsulfinyl, Hetarylsulfonyl, Mono- u. Di-alkylphosphinoyl,
Mono- u. Di-arylphosphinoyl, Alkylarylphosphinoyl, Di-alkoxyphosphoryl,
Monoalkoxyhydroxyphosphoryl und Di-hydroxyphosphoryl, wobei
als
Substituenten aliphatischer Gruppierungen beispielsweise Halogen,
Hydroxy und Alkoxy,
als Substituenten aromatischer und hetaromatischer
Gruppierungen außerdem
beispielsweise Nitro, Cyano, Alkoxycarbonyl und Alkenyl genannt
seien.In the formulas 1, 2, 3a, 3b and 4 are still available
a, b, c and d, independently of one another, for
Hydrogen, halogen, in each case substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hetaryl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, hetarylcarbonyl, amino, mono- and. Di-alkylamino, mono-u. Di-acylamido, alkyl u. Aryl-sulfonyl-amido, alkyl u. Aryl-sulfonyl-amidocarbonyl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, alkylsufinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyf, hetarylthio, hetarylsulfinyl, hetarylsulfonyl, mono- and. Di-alkylphosphinoyl, mono-u. Di-arylphosphinoyl, alkylarylphosphinoyl, di-alkoxyphosphoryl, monoalkoxyhydroxyphosphoryl and di-hydroxyphosphoryl, wherein
as substituents of aliphatic groups, for example halogen, hydroxy and alkoxy,
as substituents of aromatic and heteroaromatic groups, moreover, for example, nitro, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl and alkenyl may be mentioned.
In
Formel 5
haben R, R4, a, b, c und d
die gleichen Bedeutungen, die für
die Formeln 1 bis 4 angegeben sind.In formula 5
R, R 4 , a, b, c and d have the same meanings given for the formulas 1 to 4.
X
und X' stehen für einen
anionischen Liganden, vorzugsweise Halogen,
L steht für einen
neutralen Liganden, vorzugsweise für ein tertiäres Phosphin, das sowohl Alkyl-
u./o. Cycloalkyl- als auch Arylreste enthalten kann, besonders bevorzugt
ist als Phosphinligand Tricyclohexylphosphin zu nennen. Weiterhin
sind als besonders bevorzugte Katalysatoren der Formel 5 solche
zu nennen, die einen sogenannten NHC-Liganden enthalten, die den
Formeln L1, L2,
L3 und L4 entsprechen,
wobei in diesen Formeln
R5 und R6 unabhängig
voneinander für
Wasserstoff, Alkyl oder Aryl, vorzugsweise für C1-C20-Alkyl, C2-C20-Alkenyl oder Phenyl oder durch C1-C6-Alkyl oder C1-C6-Alkoxy substituiertes Phenyl, besonders
bevorzugt für Mesityl
stehen,
R7 und R8 unabhängig voneinander
für H,
Alkyl, Alkenyl oder Aryl, vorzugsweise für H, C1-C20-Alkyl, C2-C20-Alkenyl oder Phenyl oder durch C1-C6-Alkyl oder C1-C6-Akoxy substituiertes
Phenyl stehen oder zusammen eine 3- oder 4-gliedrige Alkylenbrücke bilden
und
Y und Y' für Halogen
stehen.X and X 'represent an anionic ligand, preferably halogen,
L is a neutral ligand, preferably a tertiary phosphine containing both alkyl and / or mono. Cycloalkyl and aryl radicals may contain, is particularly preferred to call as phosphine ligand tricyclohexylphosphine. Furthermore, particularly preferred catalysts of the formula 5 are those which contain a so-called NHC ligand which correspond to the formulas L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and L 4 , where in these formulas
R 5 and R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, preferably C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl or phenyl, or by C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy substituted phenyl, particularly preferred for mesityl,
R 7 and R 8 independently of one another are H, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, preferably H, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl or phenyl or by C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 - C 6 -alkoxy substituted phenyl or together form a 3- or 4-membered alkylene bridge and
Y and Y 'stand for halogen.
Formel 6 beschreibt Rutheniumkomplexe, die als Reaktionspartner für den Ligandenaustausch in der 4. Stufe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens infrage kommen.formula 6 describes ruthenium complexes that act as reactants for ligand exchange come in question in the 4th stage of the process according to the invention.
In
Formel 6 stehen
X und X' für einen
anionischen Liganden, vorzugsweise Halogen,
L5 und
L6 für
einen neutralen Liganden,
wobei vorzugsweise die bereits für L in Formel
5 angegebenen Liganden infrage kommen,
R9 steht
für H,
C1-C20-Alkyl, C2-C20-Alkenyl, C2-C20-Alkinyl oder
Aryl,
R10 steht für Aryl, Vinyl oder Allenyl.In formula 6 stand
X and X 'for an anionic ligand, preferably halogen,
L 5 and L 6 for a neutral ligand,
preferably the ligands already given for L in formula 5 are suitable,
R 9 is H, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkynyl or aryl,
R 10 is aryl, vinyl or allenyl.
Die
Ausführung
der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens
ist an sich bekannt und in zahlreichen Publikationen beschrieben,
(s. z.B. zur Claisen-Umlagerung: Org. React. 2,1–48 (1944); Chimia 24, 89–99, (1970);
Org. React. 22, 1–252,
(1975); Synthesis 1977, 589–606/zur
Doppelbindungsisomerisierung:
Die thermische Claisen-Umlagerung von 1 zu 2 wird i.a. bei Temperaturen zwischen 150–230°C in inerten Lösungsmitteln ausgeführt, wobei der Zusatz von basisch wirkenden Stoffen wie Diethylanilin oder Alkalikarbonaten vorteilhaft sein kann.The thermal Claisen rearrangement of 1 to 2 is i.a. at temperatures between 150-230 ° C in inert solvents executed the addition of basic substances such as diethylaniline or alkali carbonates may be advantageous.
Die Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von 2 zu 3a bzw. von 3b zu 4 gelingt sowohl durch Einwirkung von starken Basen als auch katalytisch unter Verwendung von Übergangsmetall-Komplexen oder Salzen als Katalysatoren. Eine besonders vorteilhafte, an sich bekannte Ausführung dieser Synthesestufe unter Verwendung von Rhodiumchlorid als Katalysator wird als experimentelles Beispiel später beschrieben.The Double bond isomerization of 2 to 3a and 3b to 4 is successful both by the action of strong bases and catalytically under Use of transition metal complexes or salts as catalysts. A particularly advantageous, in itself known design this stage of the synthesis using rhodium chloride as a catalyst is described later as an experimental example.
Die Alkylierung oder Arylierung von Phenolen mit Verbindungen R-X, (R = Alkyl, Aralkyl, aktiviertes Aryl oder Hetaryl, X z. B. = Cl, Br, J), ist dem Fachmann wohlbekannt und kann mit jeder Verbindung ausgeführt werden, die als nucleophiles Reagenz für die Synthese eines Arylethers geeignet ist. Im allgemeinen wird dieser Syntheseschritt in Lösungsmitteln in Gegenwart von basischen Stoffen oder unter Anwendung von Phasentransferkatalyse ausgeführt.The Alkylation or Arylation of Phenols with Compounds R-X, (R = Alkyl, aralkyl, activated aryl or hetaryl, X z. B. = Cl, Br, J) is well known to those skilled in the art and can be carried out with any compound as the nucleophilic reagent for the synthesis of an aryl ether is suitable. In general, will this synthesis step in solvents in the presence of basic substances or using phase transfer catalysis executed.
Eine typische Ausführung wird als experimentelles Beispiel später beschrieben.A typical design is described later as an experimental example.
Generell eignet sich zur Arylierung von Zwischenprodukten der Formel 2 oder der Formel 3a die Umsetzung mit Arylboronsäuren in Gegenwart von Kupfer(II)-acetat und Molekularsieben, (s. THL, Vol. 39, 1998, 3271 ff. u. 3277 ff.).As a general rule is suitable for the arylation of intermediates of formula 2 or of the formula 3a, the reaction with arylboronic acids in the presence of copper (II) acetate and molecular sieves (see THL, Vol. 39, 1998, 3271 et seq., and 3277 et seq.).
Die Ausführung der 4. Verfahrensstufe erfolgt in inerten Lösungsmitteln wie z.B. Dichlormethan bei Temperaturen von ca. 0° bis 80°C. Vorteilhaft ist der Zusatz von CuCl zum Reaktionsgemisch. Die Reaktionspartner der Formeln 4 und 6 werden i.a. in äquivalenten Mengen eingesetzt, zur erhöhung der Ausbeute kann aber auch mit ein Überschuß von 4 oder 6 verwendet werden, wobei die jeweils wertvollere Komponente im Unterschuß eingesetzt wird. Es kann auch zweckmäßig sein, den gewünschten Präkursor der Formel 6 in situ aus anderen Rutheniumverbindungen und Ligandvorläufern, z. B. Dihydroimidazoliniumsalzen, zu erzeugen, um über entsprechende Verbindungen der Formel 6 zu Metathesekatalysatoren der Formel 5 mit erwünschten Liganden-Kombinationen zu gelangen.The execution the fourth stage of the process is carried out in inert solvents, e.g. dichloromethane at temperatures of about 0 ° to 80 ° C. Advantageous is the addition of CuCl to the reaction mixture. The reactants Formulas 4 and 6 are i.a. used in equivalent amounts, to increase the yield can also be used with an excess of 4 or 6, wherein the respective more valuable component is used in deficit becomes. It may also be appropriate the wished precursor of formula 6 in situ from other ruthenium compounds and ligand precursors, e.g. B. Dihydroimidazoliniumsalzen to produce, via corresponding compounds of formula 6 to metathesis catalysts of formula 5 with desired ligand combinations reach.
Die durch Ligandenaustauschreaktion hergestellten Metathesekatalysatoren der Formel 5 können von anderen Reaktionsprodukten, die in dem Reaktionsgemisch unlöslich sind, durch Filtration ihrer Lösung abgetrennt und nach Einengen der Lösung durch Chromatographie oder Kristallisation in reiner Form gewonnen werden. Es ist aber auch mit Erfolg möglich, die erhaltenen Rohprodukte direkt als Metathesekatalysatoren einzusetzen.The Metathesis catalysts prepared by ligand exchange reaction Formula 5 can of other reaction products that are insoluble in the reaction mixture, by filtration of their solution separated and after concentration of the solution by chromatography or crystallization can be obtained in pure form. But it is also possible with success, to use the obtained crude products directly as metathesis catalysts.
Durch das neue Kombinationsverfahren wird nicht nur eine große Zahl von Liganden zugänglich, die nach den bisher bekannten Verfahren nicht erhältlich waren, vielmehr wird damit auch eine ökologisch vorteilhafte Verfahrensweise zur Verfügung gestellt, da die Claisen-Umlagerung rein thermisch oder katalytisch und die C=C-Doppelbindungsisomerisierung katalytisch ausgeführt werden kann und somit ein Zwangsanfall von Phosphinoxid vermieden wird, der in der bisher angewendeten Synthesesequenz zur Herstellung von Liganden dieser Art entsteht. Vorteilhaft ist zudem, dass eine Verbindung 3a jeweils als ein zentrales Zwischenproduktprodukt zur Herstellung sowohl von mono- u. polyfunktionellen, als auch von immobilisierten Katalysatoren dienen kann, wobei die Zwischenprodukte der Formel 4 durch Alkylierung oder Arylierung in einfacher Weise erhältlich sind. Dadurch wird z. B. die Optimierung eines Katalysators wesentlich vereinfacht.By The new combination method will not just be a big number accessible by ligands, which were not available according to the previously known methods, rather, it also becomes an ecological one advantageous procedure provided since the Claisen rearrangement purely thermal or catalytic, and the C = C double bond isomerization carried out catalytically can be and thus avoided a forced attack of phosphine oxide which is in the hitherto applied synthesis sequence for the preparation arises from ligands of this kind. It is also advantageous that a Compounds 3a each as a central intermediate product for Production of both mono- u. polyfunctional, as well as of immobilized catalysts can serve, with the intermediates of the formula 4 are obtainable by alkylation or arylation in a simple manner. This z. B. the optimization of a catalyst essential simplified.
Beispiel AExample A
Erfindungsgemäße Herstellung eines bekannten Metathesekatalysators (5a). A1) Ausführung der Doppelbindungsisomerisierungs- u. Alkylierungs-Stufe als Eintopfreaktion:Production according to the invention a known metathesis catalyst (5a). A1) execution of the Double bond isomerization u. Alkylation stage as one-pot reaction:
Eine Mischung von 448 mg (2,5 mmol) 2-Allyl-4-nitrophenol – hergestellt durch Claisen-Umlagerung von 4-Nitrophenyl-allylether –, 13 mg (0,05 mmol) RhCl3·3H2O, 6,8 mg p-Toluolsulfonsäure (0,05 mmol), 1,0 ml Wasser und 9,0 ml Ethanol wurde unter Rühren und Rückflusskühlung 6 Stunden auf Siedetemperatur erwärmt. Danach wurden 843 mg einer 21%igen Lösung von Natriumethylat in Ethanol (= 177 mg Ethylat, 2,6 mmol) und 507 mg (3,0 mmol) Iso-Propyljodid zugegeben und die gerührte Mischung weitere 6 Stunden auf Rückflusstemperatur gehalten. Nach dem Abkühlen wurde über Kieselgel filtriert, das Filtrat eingeengt und das erhaltene Produkt mit 20 ml Dichlormethan aufgenommen. Diese Lösung wurde mit je 20 ml 5%iger Natronlauge u. Wasser gewaschen, mit Na2SO4 getrocknet u. eingeengt. Nach chromatographischer Reinigung des so erhaltenen Rohproduktes erhielt man 476 mg (= 86,2% d. Th.) reinen 2-Propenyl-4-nitrophenyl-isopropyiether, (E/Z-Gemisch). A2) Herstellung eines Metathesekatalysators der Formel 5a.A mixture of 448 mg (2.5 mmol) 2-allyl-4-nitrophenol - prepared by Claisen rearrangement of 4-nitrophenyl allyl ether -, 13 mg (0.05 mmol) RhCl 3 .3H 2 O, 6.8 mg of p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.05 mmol), 1.0 ml of water and 9.0 ml of ethanol was heated to boiling temperature with stirring and reflux for 6 hours. Thereafter, 843 mg of a 21% solution of sodium ethylate in ethanol (= 177 mg of ethylate, 2.6 mmol) and 507 mg (3.0 mmol) of iso-propyl iodide were added and the stirred mixture kept at reflux for a further 6 hours. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through silica gel, the filtrate was concentrated and the product obtained was taken up in 20 ml of dichloromethane. This solution was mixed with 20 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide lye u. Washed water, dried with Na 2 SO 4 u. concentrated. After chromatographic purification of the crude product thus obtained, 476 mg (= 86.2% of theory) of pure 2-propenyl-4-nitrophenyl isopropyl ether, (E / Z mixture) were obtained. A2) Preparation of a metathesis catalyst of the formula 5a.
In
einem Schlenkrohr wurden 424 mg (0,5 mmol) Grubbskatalysator, 2.
Generation,
und 59 mg CuCl (0,6 mmol) vorgelegt. Unter Argon wurde die Lösung von
111 mg (0,5 mmol) des nach A1) erhaltenen Liganden, gelöst in 10
ml CH2Cl2, zugegeben.
Die Mischung wurde 1,5 Stunden bei 40°C gerührt. Danach wurde sie i. V.
eingeengt, der Rückstand
mit 20 ml Ethylacetat aufgenommen u. die erhaltene trübe Lösung filtriert.
Das nach Abdampfen des Lösungsmittels
erhaltene Rohprodukt wurde durch Chromatographie gereinigt, (Kieselgel
Merck Typ 9385, Eluent: AcOEt/Cyclohexan 2:5). Man erhielt 277 mg
(= 82,5% d.Th.) des Metathesekatalysators der Formel 5a.
HRMS(EI):
C31H37N3O3Cl2Ru
berechnet:
[M+] 671.1255, gefunden: 671.1233 In a Schlenk tube, 424 mg (0.5 mmol) of Grubb catalyst, 2nd generation , and 59 mg of CuCl (0.6 mmol). The solution of 111 mg (0.5 mmol) of the ligand obtained according to A1), dissolved in 10 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 , was added under argon. The mixture was stirred at 40 ° C for 1.5 hours. After that she was i. Concentrated, the residue taken up with 20 ml of ethyl acetate u. filtered, the resulting cloudy solution. The crude product obtained after evaporation of the solvent was purified by chromatography (silica gel Merck type 9385, eluent: AcOEt / cyclohexane 2: 5). 277 mg (= 82.5% of theory) of the metathesis catalyst of the formula 5a were obtained.
HRMS (EI): C 31 H 37 N 3 O 3 Cl 2 Ru
calculated: [M + ] 671.1255, found: 671.1233
Beispiel BExample B
Erfindungsgemäße Herstellung eines neuen, hochaktiven Metathese-Katalysators der Formel 5b.Production according to the invention a new, highly active metathesis catalyst of the formula 5b.
B1) Herstellung des neuen Liganden der Formel 4b:B1) Production of the new Ligands of Formula 4b:
Eine Mischung von 500 mg (3,72 mmol) 2=Propenylphenol (E/Z-Gemisch) – hergestellt durch Claisen-Umlagerung von Phenyl-allylether, 1,02 g Kaliumcarbonat (0,74 mmol) und 745 mg rac. 2-Brompropionsäuremethylester (4,46 mmol) und 10 ml Dimethylformamid wurde über Nacht bei RT und anschließend 4 Stunden bei 80°C gerührt. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde anschließend zu 40 ml Wasser gegeben und dreimal mit je 30 ml Diethylether extrahiert. Die organische Phase wurde mit 5%iger Natronlauge gewaschen, abgetrennt, mit Na2SO4 getrocknet u. eingedampft. Man erhielt 685 mg (83,6% d.Th.) nahezu reinen 2-(2-Propenyl-phenyloxy)propionsäuremethylester, (vgl. H-NMR auf dem folgenden Blatt).A mixture of 500 mg (3.72 mmol) 2 = propenylphenol (E / Z mixture) - prepared by Claisen rearrangement of phenyl allyl ether , 1.02 g of potassium carbonate (0.74 mmol) and 745 mg of rac. 2-Bromopropionic acid methyl ester (4.46 mmol) and 10 ml of dimethylformamide was stirred overnight at RT and then at 80 ° C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then added to 40 ml of water and extracted three times with 30 ml of diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with 5% sodium hydroxide solution, separated, dried with Na 2 SO 4 u. evaporated. 685 mg (83.6% of theory) of virtually pure 2- (2-propenyl-phenyloxy) -propionic acid methyl ester were obtained (compare H-NMR on the following page).
B2) Herstellung des Metatllesekatalysators der Formel 5b.B2) Preparation of the Metatleading Catalyst of formula 5b.
In
einem Schlenkrohr wurden 424 mg (0,5 mmol) Grubbskatalysator, 2.
Generation,
und 59 mg CuCl (0,6 mmol) vorgelegt. Unter Argon wurde die Lösung von
134 mg (0,6 mmol) 2-(2-Propenyl-phenyloxy)propionsäuremethylester,
gelöst
in 10 ml CH2Cl2 zugegeben.
Die Mischung wurde 1 Stunde bei 40°C gerührt, danach i.V eingeengt,
der Rückstand
mit 20 ml Ethylacetat aufgenommen u. die erhaltene trübe Lösung filtriert.
Das nach Abdampfen des Lösungsmittels
erhaltene Rohprodukt wurde durch zweimalige Chromatographie gereinigt,
(Kieselgel Merck Typ 9385, 1. Eluent AcOEt/Cyclohexan 3:7, 2. Eluent
AcOEt/Cyclohexan 1:1). Es wurden 193 mg (58% d. Th.) Reinprodukt
erhalten.
HRMS(EI): C32H38N2O3Cl2Ru
berechnet:
[M+] 670.13030, gef.: 670.13467 In a Schlenk tube, 424 mg (0.5 mmol) of Grubb catalyst, 2nd generation , and 59 mg of CuCl (0.6 mmol). The solution of 134 mg (0.6 mmol) of 2- (2-propenyl-phenyloxy) -propionic acid methyl ester dissolved in 10 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 was added under argon. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 40 ° C, then evaporated down iV, the residue taken up with 20 ml of ethyl acetate. filtered, the resulting cloudy solution. The crude product obtained after evaporation of the solvent was purified by double chromatography, (silica gel Merck type 9385, 1st eluent AcOEt / cyclohexane 3: 7, 2nd eluent AcOEt / cyclohexane 1: 1). 193 mg (58% of theory) of pure product were obtained.
HRMS (EI): C 32 H 38 N 2 O 3 Cl 2 Ru
calculated: [M + ] 670.13030, found: 670.13467
Beispiel CExample C
Verwendung des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Katalysators der Formel 5b und Vergleich seiner Aktivität mit dem bekannten Katalysator der Formel 6.Use of the invention produced Catalyst of the formula 5b and comparison of its activity with the known catalyst of formula 6.
C1) Ringschlussmetathese (RCM) unter Verwendung von 5b:C1) Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) using 5b:
Zu einer Lösung von 100 mg (0,4 mmol) Allyl-methallyl-malonsäurediethylester (Substrat) in 20 ml Dichlormethan wurde eine Lösung von 2,7 mg (0,004 mmol) des nach Beispiel B erhaltenen Katalysators 5b in 1 ml Dichlormethan bei 25°C hinzugefügt. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde 2 Stunden bei dieser Temperatur gehalten. Nach dieser Zeit wurde eine Probe entnommen, der Katalysator durch Zugabe von Ethylvinylether zerstört und die Probe gaschromatographisch anaiysiert, (Vergleich mit Substrat und in bekannter Weise hergestelltem Ringschlussprodukt). Der Umsatz des Substrates zum Metatheseprodukt (1,1-Bis-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-cyclopent-3-en) betrug 89%.To a solution of 100 mg (0.4 mmol) diethyl allyl-methallyl-malonate (substrate) in 20 ml of dichloromethane was added a solution of 2.7 mg (0.004 mmol) of the catalyst obtained in Example B 5b in 1 ml of dichloromethane at 25 ° C added. The reaction mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours. After this time, a sample was taken, the catalyst through Addition of ethyl vinyl ether destroyed and the sample analyzed by gas chromatography, (comparison with substrate and in a known manner produced ring closure product). sales of the substrate to the metathesis product (1,1-bis-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-cyclopent-3-ene) was 89%.
C2) Vergleich: RCM unter Verwendung des bekannten Katalysators der Formel 6.C2) Comparison: RCM under Use of the known catalyst of formula 6.
In gleicher Weise wie im Beispiel C1 beschrieben, jedoch unter Verwendung von 2,5 Mol% des bekannten Katalysators 6, wurde das gleiche Substrat umgesetzt.In same as described in Example C1, but using of 2.5 mole% of the known catalyst 6, became the same substrate implemented.
Die gaschromatographische Untersuchung ergab, dass der Umsatz zum Ringschlussprodukt 18% betrug.The Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that the conversion to the ring-closure product 18%.
Claims (8)
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DE10335417A DE10335417A1 (en) | 2003-08-02 | 2003-08-02 | Production of ruthenium complex for use as metathesis catalyst, involves Claisen rearrangement of allyl phenyl ether, double bond isomerisation and alkylation to a 2-propenyl-phenoxy compound, and ligand exchange |
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US8178604B2 (en) | 2006-02-02 | 2012-05-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Solid materials obtainable by ring-opening metathesis polymerization |
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