DE10256014A1 - Using pre-used fat and grease as fuel for diesel engines comprises filtration, washing with water, drying and storage under pure nitrogen and subsequent heating - Google Patents
Using pre-used fat and grease as fuel for diesel engines comprises filtration, washing with water, drying and storage under pure nitrogen and subsequent heating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10256014A1 DE10256014A1 DE10256014A DE10256014A DE10256014A1 DE 10256014 A1 DE10256014 A1 DE 10256014A1 DE 10256014 A DE10256014 A DE 10256014A DE 10256014 A DE10256014 A DE 10256014A DE 10256014 A1 DE10256014 A1 DE 10256014A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- water
- grease
- pure nitrogen
- diesel engines
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D33/00—Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
- F02D33/003—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
- F02D33/006—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/10—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot liquids, e.g. lubricants or cooling water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/12—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
- F02M31/125—Fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
- F02M37/0064—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Verwendung von Altfetten als Treibstoff für Dieselmotoren, die sowohl als stationäre Motoren für Kraft- oder Energiegewinnung oder als Antrieb von Fahrzeugen genutzt werden.Object of the present invention is a process for using used greases as fuel for diesel engines, both as stationary Engines for Power or energy generation or used to drive vehicles.
Es werden gegenwärtig große Anstrengungen unternommen, um die CO2-Bilanz der Erde zu entlasten. Einerseits durch Anwendung regenerativer Energien aber andererseits auch durch Verwendung nachwachsender Rohstoffe wird versucht, insbesondere den Energieaufwand für Verkehrs- und Transportzwecke von der Mineralölbasis wegzuführen.Great efforts are currently being made to relieve the earth's carbon footprint. On the one hand through application but also on the other hand by using renewable energies Raw materials are tried, especially the energy expenditure for transport and transport purposes away from the mineral oil base.
Wasserstoffantrieb über Brennstoffzellen, Gärungsalkohol für Otto-Motoren sowie Fettsäuremonoester oder sogar Pflanzenöle als Kraftstoffe für Dieselmotoren sind schon in der Vorserie oder sogar im technischen Einsatz.Hydrogen powered by fuel cells, fermentation alcohol for Otto engines as well as fatty acid monoesters or even vegetable oils as fuels for diesel engines are already in pre-series or even in technical use.
Für Dieselmotoren haben sich bereits Fettsäuremethylester, speziell auf Rapsölbasis, als Biodiesel bewährt, ja sogar ein solcher auf Basis von Fetten aus der Tierkörperverwertung.For Diesel engines already have fatty acid methyl esters, especially on Rapeseed oil-based, Proven as biodiesel even one based on fats from the rendering of carcasses.
Es werden jedoch für die Umesterung von den natürlich vorkommenden Triglyceriden zu den Methylestern für Biodiesel umfangreiche technische Anlagen sowie erhebliche Aufwendungen an Energie und Rohstoffen benötigt.However, it will be used for transesterification of course occurring triglycerides to the methyl esters for biodiesel extensive technical systems as well as considerable expenditure on energy and raw materials.
Die Verwendung von Pflanzenölen, speziell Rapsöl, als Dieseltreibstoff verbilligt zwar die Treibstoffkosten, da die Umesterung komplett entfällt, aber das Aufkommen an Rapsöl ist durch eine Reihe von Randbedingungen limitiert. Dazu gehören Restriktionen bezüglich der Subventionen in die Landwirtschaft und der Verwertungsmarkt für Rapsöl, der durch unterschiedliche Wertschöpfungen gekennzeichnet ist (Speiseöle, Bioöle für technische Anwendungen, Biodiesel u.a.m.). Demgegenüber existiert ein großes Aufkommen an nativen Altfetten, die als Abfall aus der Verwertung fetthaltiger Rohstoffe pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs für die menschliche Ernährung resultieren und sowohl aus Lebensmittelbetrieben, aus Gaststätten und aus Haushalten stammen können.The use of vegetable oils, especially rapeseed oil, as a diesel fuel reduces fuel costs because the transesterification is complete does not apply but the advent of rapeseed oil is limited by a number of constraints. This includes restrictions in terms of of subsidies to agriculture and the recovery market for rapeseed oil passing through different added value is marked (edible oils, Bio-oils for technical Applications, biodiesel etc.). In contrast, there is a great deal on native used fats, which are waste from the recovery of fatty substances Raw materials of plant and animal origin for human nutrition result and both from food businesses, from restaurants and can come from households.
Durch vorangegangene thermische Belastung einerseits aber auch durch bakterielle Wirkung hervorgerufen, ist in der Regel eine partielle Zersetzung und/oder Dehydrierung der Fette zu beobachten, die zu einer beschleunigten Alterung und Umwandlung derselben führt.Due to previous thermal stress on the one hand but also caused by a bacterial effect usually a partial decomposition and / or dehydration of the Observe fats that lead to accelerated aging and conversion the same leads.
Dieses Material stetigen und hohen Aufkommens wird z.B. mittels Fettabscheidern abgetrennt und aus obigen Gründen derzeit im wesentlichen in der Industrie zu Synthesegas umgewandelt oder als Heizölsubstitut zur Energiegewinnung eingesetzt.This material steady and high Volume is e.g. separated and removed by means of fat separators reasons above currently converted to syngas mainly in industry or as a heating oil substitute used for energy generation.
Im
Abfallöle sollen laut
Umständliche Aufbereitungen und kostenaufwändige Additive und/oder nur anteiliger Einsatz von Altölen zeichnen den derzeitigen Stand der Technik aus.Cumbersome preparations and costly Additives and / or only partial use of used oils characterize the current one State of the art.
Überraschend wurde gefunden, dass solche Abfallfette sich ebenso wie native Öle als Dieseltreibstoff einsetzen lassen, wenn einerseits sie selbst einer anspruchslosen Bearbeitung unterzogen werden und andererseits ihre Lager- und Einsatzbedingungen definierten Parametern folgen.Surprised It has been found that such waste greases, like native oils, can be used as diesel fuels Have it used if, on the one hand, you yourself are an undemanding Undergo processing and on the other hand their storage and operating conditions follow defined parameters.
Die Vorbehandlung der Altfette besteht im wesentlichen aus vier aufeinander folgenden unit operations als da sind 1. Filtration, 2. Waschung, 3. Trocknung, 4.The pretreatment of the old fat exists essentially from four consecutive unit operations as there are 1. filtration, 2. washing, 3. drying, 4.
Lagerung.Storage.
Zu 1. Filtration:For 1st filtration:
Die Filtration dient der Abtrennung enthaltener Feststoffe und wird in an sich bekannter Weise z.B. mittels Filterrahmenpresse oder moderner selbstreinigender Filter durchgeführt.The filtration is used for separation contained solids and is e.g. using a filter frame press or modern self-cleaning filter carried out.
Zu 2. Waschung:For 2nd wash:
Die Waschung erfolgt mittels Wasser und dient der Entfernung wasserlöslicher Bestandteile, die z.B. durch den Gebrauch des Fettes eingetragen wurden, als da sind anorganische oder fettsaure Salze bzw. wasserlösliche organische Verbindungen, die durch die thermische Belastung der Fette entstanden sind.The washing is done with water and serves to remove water-soluble Components e.g. entered through the use of the fat, than there are inorganic or fatty acid salts or water-soluble organic Connections created by the thermal load on the fats are.
Als besonders effektives Waschverfahren kann vorteilhaft eine Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion eingesetzt werden, die in an sich bekannter Weise z.B. mittels Luwesta-Extraktor erfolgen kann.Can be a particularly effective washing method advantageously used a liquid-liquid extraction which, in a manner known per se, e.g. using the Luwesta extractor can be done.
Zu 3. Trocknung:For 3rd drying:
Die Trocknung erfolgt z.B mittels eines Dünnschichtverdampfers in an sich bekannter Weise bis auf den erforderlichen Restgehalt an Wasser im aufbereiteten Altfett.Drying is carried out using e.g. a thin film evaporator in a manner known per se up to the required residual content of water in the processed used fat.
Zu 4. Lagerung:4. Storage:
Die Lagerung des fertigen Treibstoffs erfolgt bei einer Lagertemperatur von mindestens 30°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 35 und 45°C unter einem Stickstoffpolster, wobei der Stickstoff praktisch sauerstofffrei ist.The storage of the finished fuel takes place at a storage temperature of at least 30 ° C, preferably between 35 and 45 ° C under a nitrogen blanket, the nitrogen being practically oxygen-free is.
Vor der Einlagerung kann der Treibstoff bei Bedarf durch Zusätze noch konditioniert werden, z.B. um sein Kälteverhalten zu verbessern.The fuel can be stored before storage if necessary with additives are still conditioned, e.g. to improve his cold behavior.
Im gleichen Temperaturbereich erfolgen Transport sowie Aufbewahrung im Tank für die Motorversorgung.Transport takes place in the same temperature range as well as storage in the tank for the engine supply.
Vor der Einspritzung wird der Treibstoff auf eine Temperatur zwischen 60 und 80°C, vorzugsweise um 70°C erhitzt, was sowohl online als auch in einem kleineren Zwischenbehälter vor der Einspritzpumpe geschehen kann.Before the injection, the fuel heated to a temperature between 60 and 80 ° C, preferably around 70 ° C, what both online and in a smaller intermediate container the injection pump can happen.
Für den letzteren Fall ist wichtig, dass die Bemessung des Vorratsvolumens des Zwischenbehälters so vorgenommen wird, dass der Aufenthalt des Treibstoffs bei dieser höheren Temperatur höchstens 2 h beträgt, vorzugsweise jedoch 1 h nicht übersteigt. Weiterhin muß vermieden werden, dass ein Rücklauf des aufgeheizten Treibstoffs dauernd oder periodisch in den Tank des Motors erfolgt.For In the latter case, it is important that the dimensioning of the storage volume of the intermediate container is made so that the fuel stays with them higher Temperature at most 2 h is but preferably not exceed 1 hour. Farther must be avoided that a return of the heated fuel continuously or periodically into the tank of the Motor takes place.
Unter den erfindungsgemässen Bedingungen erweisen sich Altfett- bzw. Abfallfettgemische als besonders kostengünstige Kraftstoffe für Dieselmotoren.Under the conditions according to the invention Used fat or waste fat mixtures prove to be particularly inexpensive fuels for diesel engines.
Im nachfolgenden Beispiel ist die erfindungsgemässe Verfahrensweise verdeutlicht:In the example below, that is invention The procedure illustrates:
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
Aus einem Sammeltank wurde flüssiges Altfett entnommen, mittels Rahmenfilterpresse von Feststoffbestandteilen befreit und bei 70°C zweistufig mit Wasser gewaschen. Über einen Schwerkraft-Wasserabscheider wurde das Altfett in einen Dünnschicht-verdampfer überführt und hier bei einem Gesamtdruck von 20 Torr entwässert.Liquid waste grease became from a collecting tank removed, using a frame filter press of solid components freed and at 70 ° C washed in two stages with water. Via a gravity water separator the old grease was transferred to a thin film evaporator and drained here at a total pressure of 20 torr.
Für die Verdampfung des restlichen Wassers wurde der Wärmeinhalt des gewaschenen und ca.70°C warmen Altfetts genutzt, wobei dessen Temperatur um etwa 20°C abgesenkt wurde. Das solcher Art gereinigte Altfett wurde unmittelbar in einen gut Wärme isolierten und mit einer innenliegenden Rohrschlange ausgerüsteten Lagertank gepumpt, der vorher mittels Stickstoff sauerstofffrei gespült und mit einem Stickstoffüberdruck von 1,5 bar versehen worden war.For the evaporation of the remaining water became the heat content of the washed and about 70 ° C warm used grease, the temperature of which is reduced by about 20 ° C has been. The waste grease cleaned in this way was immediately put into one good warmth insulated storage tank equipped with an internal coil pumped, which was previously purged with nitrogen and free of nitrogen a nitrogen overpressure of 1.5 bar.
Der Tankinhalt wurde mittels durch die Rohrschlange geführten Warmwassers von etwa 60°C auf einer Lagertemperatur von ca. 40°C gehalten und der Stickstoffdruck durch Druckgasbehälter mittels Regelventil aufrecht erhalten.The tank content was checked by led the pipe coil Hot water of about 60 ° C kept at a storage temperature of approx. 40 ° C and the nitrogen pressure through compressed gas tank maintained by means of a control valve.
Aus diesem Lagertank erfolgte die Betankung von speziell ausgerüsteten Dieselfahrzeugen.This took place from this storage tank Refueling of specially equipped Diesel vehicles.
Beispiel 2:Example 2:
Ein nur geringfügig umgerüsteter Dieselmotor kann das
erfindungsgemäss
gereinigte Altfett als Treibstoff verwerten, wenn dieses gemäss vorliegender
Erfindung folgende Ausrüstungen
enthält:
(siehe
A bis
D sowie 1 und 2 sind Wärme
isoliert und werden über
eine Wärmequelle
geregelt beheizt, wobei während
des Motorlaufs die Motorwärme
genutzt werden kann, bei Stillstand jedoch Elektroenergie und/oder
die Standheizung für
die notwendige Wärme
sorgen.A slightly modified diesel engine can use the used grease cleaned according to the invention as fuel if it contains the following equipment according to the present invention: (see
A to D as well as 1 and 2 are insulated and are heated in a controlled manner via a heat source, whereby the engine heat can be used while the engine is running, but electrical energy and / or the auxiliary heater provide the necessary heat when the engine is not running.
Ein Diesel-Pkw wurde entsprechend
der
Zweckmässiger Weise wurden A, B und
die zugehörigen
Kraftstoffleitungen
Aufheizphase
von ca. 10 bis 15 Minuten die Temperatur wieder auf ca.70°C hochgeregelt
wurde.A diesel car was made according to the
Conveniently, A, B and the associated fuel lines
Heating phase from approx. 10 to 15 minutes the temperature was raised again to approx. 70 ° C.
Unter diesen Betriebsbedingungen war ein ungestörter Motorbetrieb gewährleistet. Zur Vermeidung einer Rückvermischung wurde die Kraftstoffförderung vom Tank zum Pufferbehälter über eine Niveauregelung gesteuert. Die Rückleitung für Kraftstoff dient dabei nur der Abwendung von Schäden durch plötzliche Flussblockaden.Under these operating conditions was an undisturbed Motor operation guaranteed. To avoid back mixing became fuel production from the tank to the buffer tank via a Level control controlled. The return line for fuel only serves to avert damage caused by sudden Flow blockages.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10256014A DE10256014A1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2002-11-30 | Using pre-used fat and grease as fuel for diesel engines comprises filtration, washing with water, drying and storage under pure nitrogen and subsequent heating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10256014A DE10256014A1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2002-11-30 | Using pre-used fat and grease as fuel for diesel engines comprises filtration, washing with water, drying and storage under pure nitrogen and subsequent heating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE10256014A1 true DE10256014A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
Family
ID=32308882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10256014A Withdrawn DE10256014A1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2002-11-30 | Using pre-used fat and grease as fuel for diesel engines comprises filtration, washing with water, drying and storage under pure nitrogen and subsequent heating |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE10256014A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007109914A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | C4 Energie Ag | Apparatus for the controlled feeding of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines |
NL1034149C2 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-06 | Gerhardus Johannus Antonius Eppink | Fat powered diesel motor for e.g. electricity generator, has heating system for fat storage tank and supply conduits |
GB2452828A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-18 | S3D S A S | Installation for combusting fats and/or oils of plant and/or animal origin in an i.c. engine |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4433500C2 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1998-01-15 | Georg Lohmann | Device for operating diesel engines with greases |
DE19807519C2 (en) * | 1998-02-21 | 2002-01-17 | Ex Rohr Ct Gmbh | Process for the production of diesel fuel substitutes |
DE10155241C1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-07-03 | Gmk Ges Fuer Motoren Und Kraft | Process for the production of fuels from acidic fats and plant for carrying them out |
-
2002
- 2002-11-30 DE DE10256014A patent/DE10256014A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4433500C2 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1998-01-15 | Georg Lohmann | Device for operating diesel engines with greases |
DE19807519C2 (en) * | 1998-02-21 | 2002-01-17 | Ex Rohr Ct Gmbh | Process for the production of diesel fuel substitutes |
DE10155241C1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-07-03 | Gmk Ges Fuer Motoren Und Kraft | Process for the production of fuels from acidic fats and plant for carrying them out |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007109914A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | C4 Energie Ag | Apparatus for the controlled feeding of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines |
NL1034149C2 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-06 | Gerhardus Johannus Antonius Eppink | Fat powered diesel motor for e.g. electricity generator, has heating system for fat storage tank and supply conduits |
GB2452828A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-18 | S3D S A S | Installation for combusting fats and/or oils of plant and/or animal origin in an i.c. engine |
GB2452828B (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2012-06-13 | S3D S A S | Installation for exploitation of fats and/or oils of plant and/or animal origin |
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