DE10247402A1 - Substrate for copper indium sulfide thin layer solar cell has blocking layer with gaps for connection between carrier and contact layer - Google Patents
Substrate for copper indium sulfide thin layer solar cell has blocking layer with gaps for connection between carrier and contact layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10247402A1 DE10247402A1 DE10247402A DE10247402A DE10247402A1 DE 10247402 A1 DE10247402 A1 DE 10247402A1 DE 10247402 A DE10247402 A DE 10247402A DE 10247402 A DE10247402 A DE 10247402A DE 10247402 A1 DE10247402 A1 DE 10247402A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- barrier layer
- cis
- contact
- carrier material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000000678 band cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- GKMPTXZNGKKTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium(2+);tellurite Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-][Te]([O-])=O GKMPTXZNGKKTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VPQBLCVGUWPDHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium selenide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Se-2] VPQBLCVGUWPDHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
- H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
- H01L31/03926—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate comprising a flexible substrate
- H01L31/03928—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate comprising a flexible substrate including AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CIS, CIGS deposited on metal or polymer foils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
Abstract
Description
Für die Herstellung photovoltaischer Zellen werden in zunehmendem Maß sogenannte Dünnschicht – Technologien eingesetzt, d. h. anstelle von kristallinem Silizium werden, üblicherweise im Hochvakuum, Schichten von amorphem Silizium (ASI) oder Cadmium – Tellurit (CdTe) oder Kupfer-Indium-Disulfid (CIS) mit wenigen my Dicke auf ein Trägermaterial, üblicherweise auf Glas, aufgebracht.For the production of photovoltaic cells is becoming increasingly so-called Thin film technologies used, d. H. instead of crystalline silicon, usually in a high vacuum, layers of amorphous silicon (ASI) or cadmium tellurite (CdTe) or copper indium disulfide (CIS) with a few my thickness a carrier material, usually on glass, applied.
Verfahren, diese Schichten nicht im Vakuum, sondern durch elektrochemische/galvanische Abscheidung zu erzeugen, sind bei CdTe und CIS ebenfalls bekannt geworden. Gelegentlich wird statt Glas ein flexibles Trägermaterial (Kunststoff oder Metallfolie) verwendet, um flexible Zellen herzustellen, wobei für bandgalvanische Abscheidungen im „roll-to-roll" – Prozeß ausschließlich dünne Edelstahl – oder Kupferbänder eingesetzt werden. Hierbei zeigt es sich, dass bei der CIS-Zellen-Herstellung dem Rückkontakt, d.h. der Fläche, auf welcher galvanisch oder im Vakuum die CIS – Schichten abgeschieden werden, erhebliche Bedeutung zukommt.Process, these layers don't in a vacuum, but by electrochemical / galvanic deposition to generate, have also become known at CdTe and CIS. Occasionally becomes a flexible carrier material instead of glass (Plastic or metal foil) used to make flexible cells being for coil electroplating in the "roll-to-roll" process, only thin stainless steel or copper strips are used become. This shows that CIS cell production the back contact, i.e. the area, on which the CIS layers are deposited galvanically or in vacuum, considerable Importance.
In fast allen Fällen findet für diese Rück-Kontaktschicht Molybdän Verwendung, jedoch wurden in entsprechenden wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen außerdem die Metalle Wolfram, Tantal und Vanadium sowie, mit Einschränkung in der Eignung, auch Chrom und Titan vorgeschlagen.In almost all cases this takes place Back contact layer molybdenum Use, however, has been made in relevant scientific publications Moreover the metals tungsten, tantalum and vanadium as well as, with restriction in suitability, also chrome and titanium are proposed.
Definitionsgemäß soll in der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung unter „Substrat" die Summe aller Materialien und Schichten verstanden werden, welche sich unter der eigentlichen, photovoltaisch wirksamen Schichten (CIS- und buffer-Schicht) befinden. Üblicherweise sind dies
- – Trägermaterial
- – Anpassschicht
- – Sperrschicht
- – Kontaktschicht,
wobei bestimmte Materialien mehrere Funktionen zugleich übernehmen können. Beispielsweise bildet Tantal zugleich eine Sperr- und Kontaktschicht. Die Anpassschicht kann bei geeignet gewähltem Trägermaterial (z.B. Chromstahl) entfallen.By definition, in the present patent application, “substrate” is understood to mean the sum of all materials and layers which are located under the actual, photovoltaically active layers (CIS and buffer layers). These are usually
- - carrier material
- - matching layer
- - barrier layer
- - contact layer,
where certain materials can perform several functions at the same time. For example, tantalum forms a barrier and contact layer at the same time. The matching layer can be omitted if the carrier material is selected appropriately (eg chrome steel).
Zugleich lassen sich die Eigenschaften einer geeigneten Kontaktschicht wie folgt umreißen:
- – ohm'scher Kontakt zur CIS – Schicht
- – gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit
- – homogene Oberfläche sehr geringer Rauhigkeit
- – gutes Reflexionsvermögen (im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich)
- – Anpassung, d.h. Vermittlung zwischen dem thermischen Ausdehnungs-Koeffizienten des Trägermaterials und CIS
- – Haftvermittlung zur aufgebrachten CIS – Schicht
- – geringe Affinität zu CIS, d. h. kein Einwandern von Atomen der Kontaktschicht in die CIS-Schicht hinein
- - ohmic contact to the CIS layer
- - good electrical conductivity
- - homogeneous surface with very low roughness
- - good reflectivity (in the visible wavelength range)
- - Adaptation, ie mediation between the thermal expansion coefficient of the carrier material and CIS
- - Mediation of adhesion to the applied CIS layer
- - low affinity for CIS, ie no migration of atoms of the contact layer into the CIS layer
Zwischen dem Trägermaterial Kupfer oder Edelstahl und der Kontaktschicht wird in aller Regel eine Sperrschicht eingefügt, welche die Diffusion von Kupfer- oder Eisen-Atomen und anderen „Verunreinigungen" in die CIS – Schicht hinein verhindern soll.Between the copper or stainless steel substrate and a contact layer is usually inserted into the contact layer, which the diffusion of copper or iron atoms and other "impurities" into the CIS layer should prevent it.
Dies ist erforderlich, weil erstens die Rück-Kontaktschicht Molybdän für die genannten Elemente relativ durchlässig ist, weil zweitens der Wirkungsgrad der Solarzelle durch eindiffundierende Fremdatome in der Regel (Natrium ausgenommen) herabgesetzt wird und weil drittens im Herstellungsprozeß der Dünnschichtzelle ein Temperschritt zu durchlaufen ist, bei welchem Temperaturen bis 600° C benötigt werden, was die genannte, unerwünschte Einwanderung von Atomen aus dem Trägermaterial in die CIS-Schicht hinein hervorruft bzw. stark begünstigt.This is necessary because firstly the back contact layer molybdenum for the mentioned elements is relatively permeable, because secondly, the efficiency of the solar cell due to the diffusion of foreign atoms as a rule (sodium except) is reduced and because thirdly in the manufacturing process of the thin-film cell a temp step is to be run, at which temperatures up to 600 ° C are required what the said, unwanted immigration of atoms from the carrier material in the CIS layer causes or strongly favors.
Eine Ausnahme bezüglich des Eindiffundierens von Fremdatomen in die CIS – Schicht macht Natrium. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass etwa 2% Natrium die CIS-Zelle verbessert. Bei CIS-Zellen, die auf Molybdänglas abgeschieden werden, wandert dieser Natrium-Anteil während des Temper-Prozesses quasi automatisch aus dem Glas und durch die Molybdänschicht hindurch in das CIS ein. Bei flexiblen Bandzellen, wie sie bisher bekannt wurden, kann dies nicht stattfinden, weil das Trägermaterial (Kupfer oder Stahl) kein Natrium enthält und weil brauchbare Diffusionssperren definitionsgemäß auch für Natrium undurchlässig sind.An exception regarding diffusion of foreign atoms in the CIS layer makes sodium. It has been shown that about 2% sodium is the CIS cell improved. CIS cells deposited on molybdenum glass this sodium component migrates while of the tempering process almost automatically out of the glass and through the molybdenum layer through into the CIS. With flexible band cells, as they have been so far were known, this cannot take place because of the carrier material (Copper or steel) contains no sodium and because of usable diffusion barriers are also impermeable to sodium by definition.
Es nun Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Diffusionssperre und die Kontaktschicht einer CIS-Solarzelle auf metallischem, bandförmigen Trägermaterial so auszubilden, dass sie einerseits ihre vorgenannten Funktionen erfüllen, andererseits möglichst kostengünstig hergestellt werden können. Zusätzlich wird eine Sperrschicht vorgeschlagen, die in einem Non-vakuum-Verfahren aufbringbar ist und das Natrium enthält, welches sonst nur in Glas als Trägermaterial enthalten ist.It is now the subject of the present Invention, the diffusion barrier and the contact layer of a CIS solar cell on metallic, band-shaped carrier material to be trained so that on the one hand they perform their aforementioned functions fulfill, on the other hand if possible economical can be produced. In addition, proposed a barrier layer in a non-vacuum process can be applied and contains sodium, which is otherwise only found in glass as a carrier material is included.
Die Aufgabenstellung wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass zwar eine isolierende Diffussions-Sperrschicht eingesetzt wird, diese jedoch das Trägermaterial der Bandzelle nicht vollflächig bedeckt, sodass die nachfolgend aufgebrachte, elektrisch leitfähige Kontaktschicht an den Stellen, die von der Sperrschicht nicht abgedeckt sind, einen elektrisch leitenden Kontakt mit dem metallischen Untergrund ausbildet.The object of the invention is thereby solved, that an insulating diffusion barrier layer is used, however, this is the carrier material the entire area of the band cell covered, so that the subsequently applied, electrically conductive contact layer in the areas that are not covered by the barrier layer, an electrical forms conductive contact with the metallic surface.
Auf diese Weise wird einerseits die Verwendung von nicht – leitendem Material für die Sperrschicht möglich, andererseits ein elektrischer Kontakt zwischen Trägermaterial und Rückkontaktschicht hergestellt. Letzterer ist einerseits die Voraussetzung für die Funktion der Zelle durch Abfluß von Elektronen, andererseits eine Vorbedingung für die elektrochemische Abscheidung der CIS-Vorläufer-Schichten.In this way, the Use of non - conductive Material for the barrier layer possible on the other hand, an electrical contact between the carrier material and back contact layer. The latter is on the one hand the prerequisite for the function of the cell Outflow of Electrons, on the other hand, a prerequisite for electrochemical deposition of the CIS precursor layers.
Eine Verbesserung besteht darin, dass die genannte, isolierende Diffusions – Sperrschicht in einem Non-Vakuumverfahren aufgebracht wird, beispielsweise Siliziumoxid in einem Sol/Gel-Verfahren. – Weiterhin kann, vorzugsweise als Bestandteil der isolierenden Sperrschicht, ein Natriumsalz eingebracht werden, wodurch beim Tempern, durch den Molybdän-Rückkontakt hindurch, Natrium in die CIS-Schicht einwandert.An improvement is that the insulating diffusion barrier layer mentioned in ei nem non-vacuum process is applied, for example silicon oxide in a sol / gel process. - Furthermore, preferably as a component of the insulating barrier layer, a sodium salt can be introduced, as a result of which sodium immerses into the CIS layer during tempering through the molybdenum back contact.
Die nachfolgend aufgebrachte Rückkontakt – Schicht
(
Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind offenkundig: Als geeignete Diffissions-Sperre gegen Kupfer oder Eisen bei Temperaturen bis 600°C kommen nur wenige Materialien infrage, die oft teuer sind (z.B. Tantal) und/oder nur durch aufwändige Vakuum – Verfahren aufgebracht werden können.The advantages of the invention are obvious: As suitable diffusion barrier against copper or iron at temperatures up to 600 ° C only a few materials come into question, which are often expensive (e.g. Tantalum) and / or only through elaborate Vacuum process can be applied.
Dies gilt, solange die Forderung besteht, dass die Sperrschicht elektrisch leitend sein soll. – Es sind aber zahlreiche gute, jedoch elektrisch isolierende Sperrschichten wie Sinter-Keramik, Silizium-Dioxid, Aluminium-Oxid oder intrinsisches Zinkoxid bekannt, die preiswert aufgebracht werden können. Dadurch, dass erfindungsgemäß die isolierende Sperrschicht das Trägermaterial nicht voll abdeckt und die nachfolgend aufgebrachte, wiederum leitfähige Rückkontaktschicht im nicht abgedeckten Bereich einen Kontakt zum Trägermaterial herstellt, wird die Verwendung derartiger vorteilhafter Sperrschichten erstmals möglich.This applies as long as the claim there is that the barrier layer should be electrically conductive. - There are but numerous good, but electrically insulating barrier layers such as sintered ceramic, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or intrinsic Zinc oxide known, which can be applied inexpensively. Thereby, that according to the invention the insulating Barrier layer the carrier material not fully covered and the subsequently applied, again conductive back contact layer contact with the carrier material in the uncovered area manufactures, the use of such advantageous barrier layers for the first time possible.
Eine weitere, vorteilhafte Ausprägung der
Erfindung ist es, die Diffusionssperrschicht (
Es ist ein weiterer Erfindungsgedanke,
zusammen mit der Diffusionssperre ein Natrium – Salz aufzubringen, wobei
dann beim Temperprozeß Natrium
einerseits durch die nachfolgende Molybdän – Schicht hindurchdiffundiert,
andererseits aber zuvor beim galvanischen Abscheideprozeß durch
die Kontaktschicht vor der Lösung
im Elektrolyten geschützt wird.
Ein späteres
Einbringen von Na im CIS-Herstellungsprozeß wäre auch weniger effektiv, vor
oder während
der elektro-chemischen Abscheidung des Precursors sogar unmöglich, da
sich das Na-Salz im wässerigen
Elektrolyten löst.
Einem Sol/Gel – Prozeß kann jedoch
leicht ein Natriumsalz wie Natriumjodid, -fluorid, -selenid oder
-sulfid zugesetzt werden, in eine keramische Sperrschicht lässt sich
Na leicht durch CBD (durch ein Tauchbad) einbringen, bei der elekrochemischen
Abscheidung von intrinsischem ZnO als Sperrschicht kann ein wasserunlösliches Na-Salz per Dispersionsabscheidung
gleichzeitig zugeführt
werden; lediglich bei einer Al2O3-Schicht, die durch Sputtern aus
dem keramischen Target aufgebracht wird, muß das Na-Salz (
Ein weiterer Vorteil entsteht durch
die erfindungsgemäße, isolierende
Diffussionssperre, wenn das Trägermaterial
Kupfer ist: Normalerweise muß unbedingt
eine Anpaß – Schicht
(
Ein weiterer Erfindungsgedanke betrifft
die Abtrennung des Kontaktbereiches (
- 1 :1 :
- Trägermaterialsupport material
- 2 :2 :
- Sperrschicht, isolierendBarrier layer insulating
- 3 :3 :
- Kontaktbereichcontact area
- 4 :4 :
- Anpaß-SchichtFitting layer
- 5 :5 :
- Sperrschicht, leitendBarrier layer conductive
- 6 :6 :
- Rückkontakt-SchichtBack contact layer
- 7 :7 :
- Rand-IsolierungEdge isolation
- 8 :8th :
- CIS – SchichtCIS layer
- 9 :9 :
- Fensterschichtwindow layer
- 10 :10 :
- Zusatz Natrium-Salzadditive Sodium salt
- 11 :11 :
- Laser-RitzungLaser scoring
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10247402A DE10247402A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Substrate for copper indium sulfide thin layer solar cell has blocking layer with gaps for connection between carrier and contact layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10247402A DE10247402A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Substrate for copper indium sulfide thin layer solar cell has blocking layer with gaps for connection between carrier and contact layer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10247402A1 true DE10247402A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
Family
ID=32038499
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10247402A Withdrawn DE10247402A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Substrate for copper indium sulfide thin layer solar cell has blocking layer with gaps for connection between carrier and contact layer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE10247402A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0986108A1 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-03-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Solar cell |
WO2000062347A2 (en) * | 1999-04-10 | 2000-10-19 | Cis Solartechnik Gmbh | Solar cell and method for producing a solar cell |
-
2002
- 2002-10-03 DE DE10247402A patent/DE10247402A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0986108A1 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-03-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Solar cell |
WO2000062347A2 (en) * | 1999-04-10 | 2000-10-19 | Cis Solartechnik Gmbh | Solar cell and method for producing a solar cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JP 11-312817 A (PAJ-Abstract) * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1261990A1 (en) | Flexible metal substrate for cis solar cells, and method for producing the same | |
EP0922303B1 (en) | Process and device for producing a cis-strip solar cell | |
Ueno et al. | Electrodeposition of CuInSe2 films from a sulphate bath | |
DE4226888C2 (en) | Diamond field effect transistor and method for its production | |
DE102015102496A1 (en) | Temperature and corrosion resistant surface reflector | |
DE2647566A1 (en) | LADDER STRIP STRUCTURE, ITS USE AND MANUFACTURING | |
GB1479563A (en) | Methods of anodizing articles | |
DE102007005161B4 (en) | Process for the metallization of substrates | |
DE2436449B2 (en) | SCHOTTKY DIODE AND THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT | |
DE102013109202A1 (en) | Method of treating a semiconductor layer | |
DE102012216026B4 (en) | Process for the production of a flexible photovoltaic thin-film cell with an iron diffusion barrier layer and flexible photovoltaic thin-film cell with an iron diffusion barrier layer | |
DE2023936A1 (en) | Semiconductor device and method for its manufacture | |
DE112016006558T5 (en) | A method of forming a CdTe thin film solar cell including a metal doping step and a system for performing the metal doping step | |
EP2028695A1 (en) | Method for creating a transparent conductible oxide coating | |
DE10247402A1 (en) | Substrate for copper indium sulfide thin layer solar cell has blocking layer with gaps for connection between carrier and contact layer | |
DE112016006557B4 (en) | Process for manufacturing a CdTe thin-film solar cell | |
DE10006823C2 (en) | Process for producing a flexible metallic substrate for a CIS solar cell and CIS solar cell | |
DE102011055618A1 (en) | Process for producing a cadmium sulfide layer | |
DE102004042306B4 (en) | Method for producing a substrate for flexible thin-film solar cells according to the CIS technology | |
DE10257165B4 (en) | Process for the production of thin-film solar cells with a CuInSe2 layer on a metallic, band-shaped substrate | |
DE2100731A1 (en) | Doped metallic, electrical thin-film connection conductor for microelectromic configurations, in particular for silicon planar diodes, transistors and monolithic integrated circuits | |
DE3124522C2 (en) | Process for electroless coloring of porous materials | |
DE102004016313A1 (en) | Method and equipment for manufacturing individual solar cells from flexible metal band, previously coated with solar cell layer, with edge regions separated in band longitudinal direction by slitting and cut positions of band by double slit | |
DE19523635C2 (en) | Current collector for a high-temperature fuel cell with reduced surface resistance, and method for producing such and its use | |
DE19504088C1 (en) | Thin layer electrode for determining concentration of metal ions in solution |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee | ||
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: CIS SOLARTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG, 27570 BREMERHAVEN, |