DE102018210409A1 - Method for providing synthesis gas with the aid of an additional inductive heating - Google Patents
Method for providing synthesis gas with the aid of an additional inductive heating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reformer zur Dampfreformierung eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gemisches mindestens umfassend:a.) eine Brennkammer (1),b.) einen innerhalb der Brennkammer (1) angeordneten Brenner (4);c.) ein erstes Reaktorrohr (2a) welches mindestens abschnittsweise innerhalb Brennkammer (1) angeordnet ist;d.) einen innerhalb des ersten Reaktorrohrs (2a) angeordneten Katalysator (3); dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein elektrisch beheizbares Heizelement (5) innerhalb des ersten Reaktorrohrs (2a) angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a reformer for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture, at least comprising: a.) A combustion chamber (1), b.) A burner (4) arranged within the combustion chamber (1); c.) A first reactor tube (2a), which at least in sections is arranged inside the combustion chamber (1); d.) a catalyst (3) arranged inside the first reactor tube (2a); characterized in that an electrically heatable heating element (5) is arranged within the first reactor tube (2a).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reformer zur Dampfreformierung eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gemisches, eine Anlage zur Ammoniaksynthese, Wasserstoffsynthese, Methanolsynthese und/oder als Ammoniaksynthese-Harnstoffsynthesekomplex, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas und die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Reformers zur Herstellung eines Synthesegasgemisches.The invention relates to a reformer for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture, a plant for ammonia synthesis, hydrogen synthesis, methanol synthesis and / or as ammonia synthesis-urea synthesis complex, a process for producing synthesis gas and the use of the reformer according to the invention for producing a synthesis gas mixture.
Ammoniak ist die weltweit zweitmeist produzierte synthetische Chemikalie (
Die Herstellung von Ammoniak erfolgt dabei im Wesentlichen aus den Elementen Wasserstoff und Stickstoff und einen Eisenkatalysator. Die Temperaturen bewegen sich häufig im Bereich zwischen 400 °C und 500 °C und bei einem Druck über 100 bar. Der wesentliche Faktor für die Prozesskosten liegen dabei in der Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff aus der Synthesegas Herstellung (Ullmann's, Seite
Eine Erzeugung von Ammoniak erfolgt dementsprechend bevorzugt im Grundsatz wie beispielsweise bei
Das Edukt Stickstoff (N2) kann beispielsweise durch Tieftemperaturluftzerlegung oder durch Reduktion von Sauerstoff in der Luft durch Verbrennung gewonnen werden. Der Wasserstoff wird bevorzugt über den „Steam-Reforming-Prozess“ gemäß Gleichung [2] erhalten:
In der anschließenden „Kohlendioxid-Konvertierung“ erfolgt eine weitere Umsetzung gemäß Gleichung (3):
Im Primärreformer wird in der endothermen Reformierungsreaktion Methan mit Hilfe von Wasserdampf in Wasserstoff und Kohlenstoffmonoxid (sowie zum Teil CO2) gespalten. Es ist im Stand der Technik üblich, dass die notwendige Energie zur Erwärmung des Katalysators/Gas/Wasserdampf-Gemisches ausschließlich über die Reformerbrenner erfolgt. Die Reformerbrenner übertragen durch das Verbrennen des Luft/Erdgas Gemisches die Wärme mittels Wärmestrahlung an die Reformerrohraußenwände. Diese übertragen die Wärme anschließend mittels Wärmeleitung an den Katalysator und nachfolgend durch Konvektion an das /Gas/Wasserdampf- Gemisch. Erhebliche Nachteile des Systems sind die Kompromisse zwischen der maximal möglichen Wärmeeinbringung (Verschleiß Treiber) und der notwendigen Wärmeeinbringung. Eine zu geringe Wärmeeinbringung bewirkt, dass ein Teil des Wasser Erdgas Gemisches nicht katalytisch reagiert, den sogenannten „Methanschlupf“.In the primary reformer, methane is split into hydrogen and carbon monoxide (and partly CO 2 ) in the endothermic reforming reaction using water vapor. It is customary in the prior art that the energy required for heating the catalyst / gas / steam mixture takes place exclusively via the reformer burners. By burning the air / natural gas mixture, the reformer burners transfer the heat to the outer walls of the reformer tube by means of thermal radiation. These then transfer the heat to the catalyst by means of heat conduction and subsequently to the / gas / water vapor mixture by convection. Significant disadvantages of the system are the compromises between the maximum possible heat input (wear driver) and the necessary heat input. If the heat input is too low, part of the water-natural gas mixture does not react catalytically, the so-called “methane slip”.
In der Praxis ist der Anlagenbetreiber aber stets bestrebt, die Reformerbrenner unter Volllast laufen zu lassen, um möglichst viel Synthesegas zu produzieren. Diese Arbeitsweise kann wiederum die Lebensdauer der Reformerrohre erheblich reduzieren. Zudem ist das Katalysatorvolumen eines Reformerrohres durch den maximal möglichen Rohrinnendurchmesser der Reformerrohre sowie durch die Art und Quantität der einseitigen Wärmeeinbringung limitiert. Ein großer Rohrdurchmesser ermöglicht es, mehr Katalysator pro Reformerrohr unterzubringen, jedoch erreicht dann die vorhandene Wärme nicht mehr vollständig den inneren Katalysator nahe der Rohrachse.In practice, the plant operator always endeavors to run the reformer burners under full load in order to produce as much synthesis gas as possible. This way of working can in turn significantly reduce the life of the reformer tubes. In addition, the catalyst volume of a reformer tube is limited by the maximum possible tube inside diameter of the reformer tubes and by the type and quantity of the one-sided heat input. A large pipe diameter makes it possible to accommodate more catalyst per reformer pipe, but then the existing heat no longer completely reaches the inner catalyst near the pipe axis.
Das Erdgas wird zudem für zweierlei Zwecke verwendet. Es dient zum einen als Heizgas für den endothermen Dampfreformierungsprozess sowie zum anderen auch als Wasserstofflieferant für die Synthesegasherstellung. Langfristig ist dies problematisch, da fossile Brennstoffe endlich und mit steigenden Kosten verbunden sind. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass bei der Befeuerung des Primärreformers mit Erdgas CO2 und Stickoxide emittiert werden. Zukünftige Emissionsgrenzen können dann, sofern die Anlagen nicht über dezidierte Elemente zur Luftreinigung verfügen, was in den seltensten Fällen gegeben ist, zu einem Problem für Chemieanlagen werden. Diese Problematik ist daher mit zusätzlichen Investitions- und Betriebskosten verbunden.Natural gas is also used for two purposes. It serves on the one hand as a heating gas for the endothermic steam reforming process and on the other hand as a hydrogen supplier for the synthesis gas production. In the long term, this is problematic because fossil fuels are finite and associated with rising costs. To make matters worse, when the primary reformer is fired with natural gas, CO 2 and nitrogen oxides are emitted. If the plants do not have dedicated elements for air purification, which is rarely the case, future emission limits can then become a problem for chemical plants. This problem is therefore associated with additional investment and operating costs.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat die Aufgabe einen Reformer bereitzustellen, welcher flexibel in Abhängigkeit des wechselnden Energieangebots beheizbar ist und gleichzeitig die Reformerkomponenten einer möglichst niedrigen Materialbelastung aussetzt.The object of the present invention is to provide a reformer which can be heated flexibly depending on the changing energy supply and at the same time exposes the reformer components to the lowest possible material load.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird überraschenderweise durch einen Reformer zur Dampfreformierung eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gemisches gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The object of the invention is surprisingly achieved by a reformer for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture according to
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem eine Anlage zur Ammoniaksynthese, Wasserstoffsynthese, Methanolsynthese und/oder als Ammoniaksynthese-Harnstoffsynthesekomplex.The invention also includes a plant for ammonia synthesis, hydrogen synthesis, methanol synthesis and / or as an ammonia synthesis-urea synthesis complex.
Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen.The invention further comprises a method for producing synthesis gas. Further advantageous configurations can be found in the respective dependent claims.
Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage zur Herstellung eines Synthesegasgemisches in der Ammoniak-Synthese.The invention further comprises the use of the plant according to the invention for producing a synthesis gas mixture in ammonia synthesis.
Der erfindungsgemäße Reformer zur Dampfreformierung eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gemisches umfasst mindestens die folgenden Komponenten. The reformer according to the invention for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture comprises at least the following components.
Der Grundsätzliche Aufbau eines Reformers zur Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff, bevorzugt ein Primär- und ein Sekundärreformer und/oder eines autothermer Reformer, ist dabei dem Fachmann bekannt. Die Bildung von Wasserstoff erfolgt dabei im Grundsatz nach obiger Gleichung [2]
Eine Darstellung zur Funktionsweise des Reformers findet sich beispielsweise in Ullmann's, Kapitel
Bevorzugt ist zusätzlich ein zweites Reaktorrohr mit einen innerhalb des zweiten Reaktorrohrs angeordneten Katalysator ohne ein wie voranstehend beschriebenes elektrisch beheizbares Heizelement vorgesehen. Die Erfindung umfasst somit auch die Kombination aus ersten Reaktorrohren mit elektrischen Heizelementen und zweiten Reaktorrohren ohne elektrische Heizelementen. In addition, a second reactor tube with a catalyst arranged inside the second reactor tube without an electrically heated heating element as described above is preferably provided. The invention thus also includes the combination of first reactor tubes with electrical heating elements and second reactor tubes without electrical heating elements.
Das elektrisch beheizbare Heizelement umfasst bevorzugt ein induktiv beheizbares Heizelement. Der Ausdruck „induktiv beheizbar“ umfasst bevorzugt im Sinne der Erfindung „das Heizen elektrisch leitfähiger Materialien durch induzierte hochfrequente Ströme innerhalb des Materials“ (
Bevorzugt weist das Heizrohr eine zumindest abschnittsweise metallische Oberfläche auf. Die metallische Oberfläche verbessert die Wärmeleitung vom Heizrohr in das Katalysatorbett des ersten Reaktorrohrs.The heating tube preferably has an at least sectionally metallic surface. The metallic surface improves the heat conduction from the heating tube into the catalyst bed of the first reactor tube.
Insbesondere bevorzugt liegt der metallische (elektrisch leitfähige) Draht über Einkerbungen auf dem Heizrohr an. Die Einkerbungen verbessern die Befestigung, „Haftung“ des metallischen Drahtes an dem Heizrohr.The metallic (electrically conductive) wire particularly preferably lies on the heating tube via notches. The notches improve the attachment, "adhesion" of the metallic wire to the heating tube.
Bevorzugt liegt das Verhältnis vom Durchmesser des ersten Reaktorrohres ∅2a zum Durchmesser des Heizrohres ∅6 ausgedrückt als ∅2a/∅6 bei 100 bis 2, bevorzugt 10 bis 5.The ratio of the diameter of the first reactor tube ∅ 2a to the diameter of the heating tube ∅ 6, expressed as ∅ 2a / ∅ 6 , is preferably 100 to 2, preferably 10 to 5.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der metallische Draht und/oder die metallischen Oberfläche und/oder die metallische Beschichtung Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Kupfer, Silber, Chrom, sowie als auch Halbmetalle wie Graphit, Silizium und keramische Beschichtungen.In a preferred embodiment, the metallic wire and / or the metallic surface and / or the metallic coating comprises iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, chromium, and also semi-metals such as graphite, silicon and ceramic coatings.
Der metallischen Draht und/oder die metallische Beschichtung sind bevorzugt mit einer elektrischen Wechselstromquelle verbunden.The metallic wire and / or the metallic coating are preferably connected to an electrical alternating current source.
Bevorzugt umfasst der Katalysator einen ferromagnetischen Katalysator, bevorzugt Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel und/oder Verbindungen und/oder Gemische davon. Die Verwendung eines ferromagnetischen Katalysators ermöglicht eine direkte Erwärmung und somit bessere Temperaturverteilung des Katalysators im Heizrohr und dem darin erzeugten elektromagnetischen Induktionsfeldes. The catalyst preferably comprises a ferromagnetic catalyst, preferably iron, cobalt, nickel and / or compounds and / or mixtures thereof. The use of a ferromagnetic catalyst enables direct heating and thus better temperature distribution of the catalyst in the heating tube and the electromagnetic induction field generated therein.
Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren eine Anlage zur Ammoniaksynthese, Wasserstoffsynthese, Methanolsynthese und/oder als Ammoniaksynthese-Harnstoffsynthesekomplex umfassend einen wie voranstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Reformer.The invention further comprises a plant for ammonia synthesis, hydrogen synthesis, methanol synthesis and / or as an ammonia synthesis-urea synthesis complex comprising a reformer according to the invention as described above.
Weiterhin umfasst die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas mindestens umfassend die folgenden Schritte. In einem ersten Schritt a) wird ein kohlenwasserstoffhaltiges Ausgangsgemisches, insbesondere Erdgas, und Wasserdampf bereitgestellt. In einen folgenden Schritt b) wird ein wie voranstehend beschriebener Reformer mit dem bereitgestellten kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Ausgangsgemisches und Wasserdampf beaufschlagt. Die grundsätzlichen Prozessbedingungen finden sich beispielsweise bei in Ullmann's, Kapitel 6.1.1, Seiten 174 bis 179. Anschließend wird in Schritt c) ein Synthesegasgemisch, bevorzugt ein Synthesegasgemisch umfassend die Komponenten nach Gleichung [2], erhalten. Das Verfahren eignet sich zur Anwendung in Anlagen zur Ammoniaksynthese, Wasserstoffsynthese, Methanolsynthese und in Ammoniak-Harnstoffsynthesekomplexen (d.h. kombinierte Anlagen zur Synthese von sowohl Ammoniak und optional Kohlendioxid sowie zur Synthese von Harnstoff aus Ammoniak und Kohlendioxid).Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing synthesis gas at least comprising the following steps. In a first step a), a hydrocarbon-containing starting mixture, in particular natural gas, and water vapor are provided. In a subsequent step b), a reformer as described above is charged with the hydrocarbon-containing starting mixture and water vapor provided. The basic process conditions can be found, for example, in Ullmann's, Chapter 6.1.1, pages 174 to 179. A synthesis gas mixture, preferably a synthesis gas mixture comprising the components according to equation [2], is then obtained in step c). The process is suitable for use in plants for ammonia synthesis, hydrogen synthesis, methanol synthesis and in ammonia-urea synthesis complexes (i.e. combined plants for the synthesis of both ammonia and optionally carbon dioxide and for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide).
Bevorzugt erfolgt das Beaufschlagen in Schritt b) bei einer Temperatur von 300 °C bis 700°C und einem Druck von 20 Bar bis 50 bar.The application in step b) is preferably carried out at a temperature of 300 ° C. to 700 ° C. and a pressure of 20 bar to 50 bar.
Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Reformers zur Herstellung eines Synthesegasgemisches.The invention further comprises the use of the reformer according to the invention for the production of a synthesis gas mixture.
Des Weiteren wird die Erfindung anhand der folgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Die Figuren beschränken dabei nicht den Schutzumfang der Erfindung, sondern dienen nur der beispielhaften Erläuterung. Die Figuren sind nicht maßstabsgetreu.Furthermore, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. The figures do not limit the scope of protection of the invention, but only serve as an example. The figures are not to scale.
Es zeigen:
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1 eine schematische Zeichnung des erfindungsgemäßen Reformers zur Dampfreformierung eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gemisches, -
2 eine schematische Zeichnung des erfindungsgemäßen ersten Reaktorrohrs und -
3 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt des ersten Reaktorrohrs.
-
1 1 shows a schematic drawing of the reformer according to the invention for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture, -
2 is a schematic drawing of the first reactor tube according to the invention and -
3 an enlarged section of the first reactor tube.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- (1)(1)
- Brennkammercombustion chamber
- (2a)(2a)
- erstes Reaktorrohrfirst reactor tube
- (2b)(2 B)
- zweites Reaktorrohrsecond reactor tube
- (3)(3)
- Katalysatorcatalyst
- (4)(4)
- Brennerburner
- (5)(5)
- elektrisch beheizbares Heizelementelectrically heated heating element
- (5a)(5a)
- induktiv beheizbares Heizelementinductively heated heating element
- (6)(6)
- Heizrohrheating pipe
- (7a)(7a)
- metallischer Drahtmetallic wire
- (7b)(7b)
- metallische Beschichtungmetallic coating
- (8)(8th)
- Einkerbungennotches
- (8a)(8a)
- Kontaktflächecontact area
- (9)(9)
- kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Ausgangsgemischhydrocarbon-containing starting mixture
- (10)(10)
- WasserdampfSteam
- (11)(11)
- SynthesegasgemischSynthesis gas mixture
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent literature cited
- EP 1055637 A1 [0010]EP 1055637 A1 [0010]
- EP 3075705 A1 [0011]EP 3075705 A1 [0011]
- EP 0830893 A1 [0012]EP 0830893 A1 [0012]
- DE 102015013071 A1 [0013]DE 102015013071 A1 [0013]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturNon-patent literature cited
- Ullmannn's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim, DOI:10.1002/14356007.o02_o11, im folgenden „Ullmann's“ [0002]Ullmannn's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, DOI: 10.1002 / 14356007.o02_o11, hereinafter referred to as “Ullmann's” [0002]
- Holleman, Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102 Auflage, 2007, Seiten 662-665 (ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1) [0004]Holleman, Wiberg, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, 102 edition, 2007, pages 662-665 (ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1) [0004]
- Dictionary of Science and Technology, edt. Christopher Morres, 1992, S. 1101, ISBN: 0-12-200400-0 [0023]Dictionary of Science and Technology, edt. Christopher Morres, 1992, p. 1101, ISBN: 0-12-200400-0 [0023]
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018210409.3A DE102018210409A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | Method for providing synthesis gas with the aid of an additional inductive heating |
EP19735513.4A EP3814273B1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-06-25 | Method for providing synthesis gas by means of an additional electric heater |
DK19735513.4T DK3814273T3 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-06-25 | Method for providing synthesis gas by means of an additional electrical heating |
US17/253,496 US20210254774A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-06-25 | Method for providing synthesis gas by means of an additional electric heater |
PCT/EP2019/066857 WO2020002346A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2019-06-25 | Method for providing synthesis gas by means of an additional electric heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018210409.3A DE102018210409A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | Method for providing synthesis gas with the aid of an additional inductive heating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102018210409A1 true DE102018210409A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
Family
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DE102018210409.3A Ceased DE102018210409A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | Method for providing synthesis gas with the aid of an additional inductive heating |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE102018210409A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4249428A1 (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-27 | Linde GmbH | Method and installation for producing a product gas containing at least hydrogen by steam reforming |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3479143A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1969-11-18 | Girdler Corp | Means for conducting endothermic catalytic reactions,including electrical heating means |
EP0830893A1 (en) | 1995-05-31 | 1998-03-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Seta Giken | Catalytic reaction device, catalytic reaction method, and laminate used for catalytic reaction |
EP1055637A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-29 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Synthesis gas production by steam reforming |
WO2010005165A2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Gs Fuelcell Co., Ltd. | Fuel processor of fuel cell system |
WO2010104424A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Powercell Sweden Ab | Fuel injection device and method for a fuel reforme |
EP3075705A1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for steam reforming |
DE102015004121A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Oven with electric and fuel-heated reactor tubes for steam reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing insert |
WO2017036794A1 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Induction heating of endothermic reactions |
DE102015013071A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Inductive heating of a steam reformer furnace |
-
2018
- 2018-06-26 DE DE102018210409.3A patent/DE102018210409A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3479143A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1969-11-18 | Girdler Corp | Means for conducting endothermic catalytic reactions,including electrical heating means |
EP0830893A1 (en) | 1995-05-31 | 1998-03-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Seta Giken | Catalytic reaction device, catalytic reaction method, and laminate used for catalytic reaction |
EP1055637A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-29 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Synthesis gas production by steam reforming |
WO2010005165A2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Gs Fuelcell Co., Ltd. | Fuel processor of fuel cell system |
WO2010104424A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Powercell Sweden Ab | Fuel injection device and method for a fuel reforme |
EP3075705A1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for steam reforming |
DE102015004121A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Oven with electric and fuel-heated reactor tubes for steam reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing insert |
WO2017036794A1 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Induction heating of endothermic reactions |
DE102015013071A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Inductive heating of a steam reformer furnace |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
Dictionary of Science and Technology, edt. Christopher Morres, 1992, S. 1101, ISBN: 0-12-200400-0 |
Holleman, Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102 Auflage, 2007, Seiten 662-665 (ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1) |
Ullmannn's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim, DOI:10.1002/14356007.o02_o11, im folgenden „Ullmann's" |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4249428A1 (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-27 | Linde GmbH | Method and installation for producing a product gas containing at least hydrogen by steam reforming |
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